Avaliação do efeito da megadose de vitamina A no colostro humano

The mothers supplementation of vitamin A in the postpartum comes being a measure of intervention sufficiently used in the combat to the vitamin deficiency. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the mother megadose of vitamin A under the levels of retinol in colostrum of postpartum mothers receiving care at the Januário Cicco Maternity School (MEJC), Natal, RN, as well as analyzing the influence of the maternal nutritional status in the reply to this supplementation. The study it was transversal type, with participation of 91 women in labor divided in group had participated of the study have controlled (44 women) and supplemented group (47 women). In the period of the morning blood and milk had been collected (milk 0h). After that a capsule of retinil palmitate of (200 000 UI or 60 mg) was supplied to the supplemented group. Another aliquot of colostro was after gotten 24h of the first collection (milk 24h). Retinol in milk and serum was quantified through the High Pressure Liquid Chromatography. The vitamin ingestion was evaluated by the questionnaire of frequency of alimentary consumption. The levels of serum retinol were 40.6 ± 10.6 and 35.9 ± 10.9 µg/dL in the groups controlled and supplemented, respectively. The women had presented a satisfactory average ingestion of vitamin (1492,4 µgRAE/dia), however with high prevalence of inadequate consumption (23%). Average values of retinol in milk 0h had been found and 24h of 93.5 ± 50.3 µg/dL and 99.1 ± 49.3 µg/dL has the group controlled group, respectively (p>0.05). After the supplementation had a significant increase in the levels of retinol of the supplemented group, being found values of 102.0 ± 56.0 µg/dL and 196.1 ± 74.0 µg/dL for milk 0h and 24h, respectively (p<0.0001). The women in labor presented different answers to the supplementation influenced for the basal levels of retinol in colostrum. It was possible to verify that women with deficient levels of retinol in milk had transferred more retinol to milk 24h than ones with adjusted levels, showing a percentage of reply equivalent to 326.1% and 86.5% of increase, respectively (p< 0.0001). Although the apparent normality found in the serum, the studied women are considered of risk to the development of the vitamin deficiency, and megadose was efficient in first 24h after the supplementation and wakes up with the mechanisms considered for transference of vitamin A to the milk

Variabilidade espacial de atributos mineralógicos de um latossolo sob diferentes formas do relevo: I - mineralogia da fração argila

A distribuição dos minerais da fração argila depende de condições pedoambientais específicas. O estudo das relações entre atributos desses minerais e locais específicos de sua ocorrência na paisagem torna-se importante para o entendimento das relações entre a mineralogia e os demais atributos do solo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os atributos cristalográficos, as razões Gt/(Gt+Hm) e Ct/(Ct+Gb) dos minerais da fração argila (hematita, goethita, caulinita e gibbsita) e o padrão de distribuição espacial destes em um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico sob cultivo de cana-de-açúcar há mais de 30 anos, com colheita no sistema cana crua. As amostras de solo foram coletadas nos pontos de cruzamento de uma malha, georreferenciados, com intervalos regulares de 10 m, e dimensão de 100 x 100 m, na profundidade de 0,2-0,4 m, totalizando 119 pontos, em uma área de 1 ha. As amostras de solos foram analisadas quimicamente. Posteriormente, a fração argila foi submetida à difração de raios X. Foram feitas as análises estatísticas e geoestatísticas dos atributos cristalográficos dos minerais analisados. Mapas de krigagem foram realizados para a visualização da variabilidade espacial dos atributos. Todos os atributos estudados apresentaram dependência espacial, e os atributos mineralógicos apresentaram-se relacionados com variações das formas do relevo. A gibbsita apresentou o maior diâmetro médio do cristal (DMC) entre os minerais da fração argila estudados, e a goethita foi o mineral que apresentou a maior variação do DMC e da largura à meia altura. Os maiores valores do DMC da goethita, hematita e gibbsita foram encontrados no compartimento II, caracterizado por uma área côncavo-convexa.

Curvas de crescimento do fruto de cafeeiro cv. Obatã IAC 1669-20 em diferentes alinhamentos de plantio

The growth of the coffee fruit is highly dependent on physiological and environmental factors. Environmental factors that most influence the yield of coffee during the critical growth stages are the minimum and maximum temperatures of air, which are affected by solar radiation and depend on the apparent path of the sun. This research work correlated dry mass versus fresh mass, and, fresh and dry mass as function of days after flowering of fruit coffee cv. Obata IAC 1669-20 planted in three different alignments based on the apparent trajectory of the sun, in Jaboticabal, SP. The planting was aligned according to the apparent path of the sun. There were three treatments with four replications, a total of twelve plots, each plot with one hundred plants of coffee, each treatment corresponded to an alignment of planting. The three alignments used showed no differences with respect the average fresh and dry mass. The growth rate of fruit, in fresh weight, was higher in the exponential phase, and in dry mass was higher in the linear stage. The dry weight (DW) can be estimated from the fresh weight (FW) using the model: DW = A1*exp(FW/t1). The sigmoidal model that represents the fruit growth in of coffee plants in fresh and/or dry mass in terms of days after flowering (DAF) was: FW(DW) = A2+[(A1-A2)/(1+exp(DAF-x0)/dx)].

Influência do teor de água na superfície do solo sobre a eficácia e seletividade do flazasulfuron, na cultura de cana-de-açúcar

Objetivou-se avaliar a eficácia e a seletividade do herbicida flazasulfuron aplicado em pré-emergência de Panicum maximum, Brachiaria plantaginea e Digitaria horizontalis e das plantas de cana-de-açúcar, em solos argilosos com diferentes teores de água na superfície, após os primeiros cinco dias da aplicação. Foram testadas as seguintes doses de flazasulfuron isolado: 37,5; 50,0; e 75,0 g ha-1. O herbicida foi misturado, na menor dose (37,5 g ha-1), com ametrine e diuron, ambos a 1.000 g ha¹, e com acetochlor na dose de 1.536 g ha-1. Esses tratamentos foram comparados aos padrões comerciais: isoxaflutole (112,5 g ha-1), tebuthiuron (1.000 g ha-1), sulfentrazone (800 g ha-1) e diuron + hexazinone (1.500 g ha-1). Mantiveram-se as testemunhas capinada e infestada. Todos os herbicidas foram seletivos aos cultivares de cana-de-açúcar testados (RB 845257 e RB 855536). O herbicida flazasulfuron, bem como alguns padrões comerciais, proporcionou ótimos níveis de controle das plantas daninhas onde o solo se encontrava com bons teores de água nesse período. Os resultados foram insatisfatórios - sobretudo para o flazasulfuron isolado ou em misturas com ametrine, acetochlor e diuron - para o controle de P. maximum e B. plantaginea em solo com menor teor de água na superfície. Com a dose de 37,5 g ha-1 do flazasulfuron, o controle de B. plantaginea aos 90 dias após a aplicação, foi de 42,5% em função da redução do teor de água de 22% (CC) a 7,1%, na camada de 0 a 2,5 cm do solo. O controle aumentou para 97,5% quando a variação foi de 25% a 21%.

The kinetics of donor cell mtDNA in embryonic and somatic donor cell-derived bovine embryos

The mechanisms controlling the outcome of donor cell-derived mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in cloned animals remain largely unknown. This research was designed to investigate the kinetics of somatic and embryonic mtDNA in reconstructed bovine embryos during preimplantation development, as well as in cloned animals. The experiment involved two different procedures of embryo reconstruction and their evaluation at five distinct phases of embryo development to measure the proportion of donor cell mtDNA (Bos indicus), as well as the segregation of this mtDNA during cleavage. The ratio of donor cell (B. indicus) to host oocyte (B. taurus) mtDNA (heteroplasmy) from blastomere- (NT-B) and fibroblast- (NT-F) reconstructed embryos was estimated using an allele-specific PCR with fluorochrome-stained specific primers in each sampled blastomere, in whole blastocysts, and in the tissues of a fibroblast-derived newborn clone. NT-B zygotes and blastocysts show similar levels of heteroplasmy (11.0% and 14.0%, respectively), despite a significant decrease at the 9-16 cell stage (5.8%; p < 0.05). Heteroplasmy levels in NT-F reconstructed zygotes, however, increased from an initial low level (4.7%), to 12.9% (p < 0.05) at the 9-16 cell stage. The NT-F blastocysts contained low levels of heteroplasmy (2.2%) and no somatic-derived mtDNA was detected in the gametes or the tissues of the newborn calf cloned. These results suggest that, in contrast to the mtDNA of blastomeres, that of somatic cells either undergoes replication or escapes degradation during cleavage, although it is degraded later after the blastocyst stage or lost during somatic development, as revealed by the lack of donor cell mtDNA at birth.

Demecolcine Effects on Microtubule Kinetics and on Chemically Assisted Enucleation of Bovine Oocytes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Dimorfismo sexual da traquéia e siringe de periquito (Touist sp.)

Investigaram-se as diferenças morfológicas da siringe do periquito Touist sp, cinco machos e cinco fêmeas. A traquéia e a siringe foram dissecadas com o auxílio de uma lupa estereoscópia e avaliaram-se o número de anéis, o comprimento da traquéia e da siringe e o comprimento e espessura do músculo traqueolateral. A traquéia do macho apresentou maior número de anéis e maior comprimento que a das fêmeas. O músculo traqueolateral dos machos é mais vigoroso e origina-se no 43º anel traqueal enquanto o das fêmeas origina-se no 30º anel traqueal e se insere no primeiro anel bronquial. A siringe do piriquito é constituída por anéis craniais, cinco nos machos e três nas fêmeas, anéis intermediários, com formato semelhante a uma bolha sulcada ventralmente, anéis caudais, quatro em ambos os sexos, e pessulo. O dimorfismo sexual está presente na morfometria da musculatura e das cartilagens, o que reflete no canto mais vigoroso dos machos.

Whole-genome expression profiling of Xylella fastidiosa in response to growth on glucose

Xylella fastidiosa is the etiologic agent of diseases in a wide range of economically important crops including citrus variegated chlorosis, a major threat to the Brazilian citrus industry. The genomes of several strains of this phytopathogen have been completely sequenced enabling large-scale functional studies. In this work we used whole-genome DNA microarrays to investigate the transcription profile of X. fastidiosa grown in defined media with different glucose concentrations. Our analysis revealed that while transcripts related to fastidian gum production were unaffected, colicin-V-like and fimbria precursors were induced in high glucose medium. Based on these results, we suggest a model for colicin-defense mechanism in X. fastidiosa.

Role of glutamate NMDA receptors and nitric oxide located within the periaqueductal gray on defensive behaviors in mice confronted by predator

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Hirsch's index: a case study conducted at the Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo

An analysis of scientific bibliographic productivity using the Hirsch h-index, information from the Institute of Scientific Information database and the Curriculum Lattes (CNPq, Brazil) was performed at the Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP) that has four departments in natural, biological and social sciences. Bibliometric evaluations of undergraduate programs showed a better performance of the departments of Chemistry (P < 0.001) and Biology (P < 0.001) when compared to the departments of Physics and Mathematics and Psychology and Education. We also analyzed the scientific output of the six graduate programs of FFCLRP: Psychology, Psychobiology, Chemistry, Physics Applied to Medicine and Biology, Comparative Biology, and Entomology. The graduate program in Psychology presented a lower h-index (P < 0.001) and had fewer papers indexed by the ISI web of science (P < 0.001) when compared to the other graduate programs. The poorer performance of the Psychology program may be associated with the limited coverage by the Thompson Institute of Scientific Information database.

Mundo de medo: inquisição e cristãos-novos nos espaços coloniais capitanias de Pernambuco, Itamaracá e Paraíba (1593-1595)

Founded in 1536, the Court of the Holy Office of the Portuguese Inquisition was established as an ecclesiastical institution, but at the same time subordinate to the real powers. Among the main victims of persecution effected by the Holy Office, were the New Christians - Jews forcibly converted in 1497 or their descendants - that due to their socio-religious were repeatedly accused of heresy. This paper conducted a survey that sought to understand the historical performance of the Inquisition in Brazil in the sixteenth century on the New Christians, especially those accused of secretly retaining the religious customs of the Mosaic law, given the investigative and punitive procedures employed by the Inquisition as part of a set of actions that produce social insecurities and producers / broadcasters of fear in the populations under scrutiny. In this sense, the approach was based on the analysis of documents produced on the first visit of inspection performed in Brazil inquisitorial sixteenth century, concerning the captaincy of Pernambuco and Paraiba Itamaracá (1593-1595), not excluding, however, the sources of the first stage of visitation that occurred between 1591-1593 in the province of Bahia de Todos os Santos, even though its use is ancillary and punctual. The objective of this research was to understand the consequences of inquisitorial procedures generated on the imaginary, and the Inquisition, using the expressions and signs of fears relating to individuals contained in the New Christian complaints to the Holy Office as documentary evidence of the fear caused by the Holy Tribunal. The adoption of specific behaviors by the New Christians in the home - these spaces are appropriate and adapted to the detriment of the religious practices of Judaism features - characterizes the spatial perspective of the study, thus indicating a further objective of the study: to understand how the New Christians experienced domestic spaces in a historical context marked by behavioral surveillance generally considered morally condemned and suspected of heresy. The research was conducted to analyze the complaints and quantitative survey of some indices of documentation for the understanding of overall charges and how individuals New Christians were concerned with the domestic space, using them to maintain criptojudaica religiosity, transformed places housing often esnogas, makeshift synagogue for meetings and celebrations of Judaizing New Christians. The formulations of Michel de Certeau on appropriations and meanings of space - presented by the author in the metaphor of "practice areas" - were integrated into the workforce in order to understand the ways in which the New Christians appropriated the colonial houses, designed these spaces a very specific language in the Crypto, in which women are prominent figures. The works of Jean Delumeau and Bartholomé Benassar integrate the discussion of the Inquisition and the sensibilities of fear in the work performed. The analysis allowed the documentation to understand the meaning and the extent related to the general fear that the Inquisition represented. Some complaints are indicative of fears that can be perceived implicitly based on behaviors and attitudes adopted by the New Christians, others, however, are direct expressions of fear caused by allusion or initiative of the actions of the Inquisition in colonial Brazil in the sixteenth century

On 3-Parameter Families of Piecewise Smooth Vector Fields in the Plane

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Identification of continuous interaction sites in PLA(2)-based protein complexes by peptide arrays

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Inibição da ação do etileno retarda o desenvolvimento de injúrias de frio em tangor 'Murcott'

O bloqueio de eventos dependentes da sinalização do etileno pode afetar de maneira positiva ou negativa a qualidade de frutos tropicais após o armazenamento refrigerado. Dessa forma, os objetivos do presente trabalho foram estudar o envolvimento do etileno no desenvolvimento de injúrias de frio em tangor 'Murcott' e avaliar as respostas envolvidas no processo de resistência às injúrias. Os frutos foram expostos a 500nL L-1 de 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP) durante 12 horas ou imersos em soluções contendo 2000nL L-1 de ethephon ou ácido salicílico durante cinco minutos antes de serem armazenados a 1°C, por 90 dias. Como controle, parte dos frutos foi armazenada a 1°C. O tratamento de frutos com ethephon ou ácido salicílico antecipou e intensificou as injúrias de frio. Por outro lado, a inibição do etileno pelo 1-MCP retardou o surgimento dos sintomas e resultou em menor índice de injúrias e percentual de frutos podres ao final do armazenamento. A atividade da superóxido dismutase (SOD) foi intensificada aos 45 dias, contudo em menor intensidade nos frutos tratados com ácido salicílico. Nas avaliações subsequentes, houve decréscimo na atividade da SOD em todos os tratamentos, porém aos 90 dias a intensidade manteve-se levemente superior à observada nos primeiros 30 dias de armazenamento. Os teores de putrescina (Put) e espermina (Spm), no flavedo dos frutos, não sofreram significativa alteração durante o armazenamento. em contrapartida, os teores de espermidina (Spd) foram mais afetados pelo estresse ocasionado pelo frio.

Neotenic formation in laboratory colonies of the termite Coptotermes gestroi after orphaning

The termite Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann 1896) ( Rhinotermitidae: Coptotermitinae) is an exotic species in Brazil and information concerning its reproductive developmental biology is scarce. We induced the formation of neotenics in laboratory colonies through orphaning experiments. Orphaning experiments were conducted in three-year old colonies of C. gestroi kept under laboratory conditions. After three months, eight nymphoid neotenics were observed in one colony after queen removal. Histological analysis showed that these neotenics were non-functional. The results suggest that these individuals may have arisen from the first nymphal instar (N1) or from an early N1 instar after one or two larval moults. Neotenics also were recorded on two incipient colonies of C. gestroi that lost the queen naturally.