Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and bioaccessibility studies in phenolic extracts of two Hericium wild edible species

Mushrooms are rich sources of bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids. When ingested, these molecules have to be released from the matrix to be transformed/absorbed by the organism, so that they can exert their bioactivity. Several in vitro methodologies have been developed in order to evaluate the bioavailability of bioactive compounds. Herein, two Hericium species were analyzed for their chemical composition and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, an in vitro digestion of the mushrooms and mushroom phenolic extracts was performed, and the digested samples were also submitted to antioxidant activity evaluation in order to evaluate the bioaccessibility of the phenolic acids identified in the samples. Hericium species showed similar chemical profiles (except for tocopherols), varying only in the concentration of the compounds. The phenolic extracts revealed higher antioxidant activity than the in vitro digested samples, meaning that this process decrease the antioxidant properties of the extract/mushroom. Nevertheless, phenolic acids were found in the digested samples, meaning that those molecules are bioaccessible.

Experimental and numerical studies of hybrid PCM embedded in plastering mortar for enhanced thermal behaviour of buildings

This paper proposes a methodology for improvement of energy efficiency in buildings through the innovative simultaneous incorporation of three distinct phase change materials (here termed as hybrid PCM) in plastering mortars for façade walls. The thermal performance of a hybrid PCM mortar was experimentally evaluated by comparing the behaviour of a prototype test cell (including hybrid PCM plastering mortar) subjected to realistic daily temperature profiles, with the behaviour of a similar prototype test cell, in which no PCM was added. A numerical simulation model was employed (using ANSYS-FLUENT) to validate the capacity of simulating temperature evolution within the prototype containing hybrid PCM, as well as to understand the contribution of hybrid PCM to energy efficiency. Incorporation of hybrid PCM into plastering mortars was found to have the potential to significantly reduce heating/cooling temperature demands for maintaining the interior temperature within comfort levels when compared to normal mortars (without PCM), or even mortars comprising a single type of PCM.

Looking for mechanisms regulating lung growth in CDH: rat and human studies

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências da Saúde

Why do we need randomized and epidemiological studies on cardiovascular disease? Evidence-based cardiology VII

Over the last two decades the results of randomized clinical studies, which are powerful aids for correctly assessing therapeutical strategies, have consolidated cardiological practice. In addition, scientifically interesting hypotheses have been generated through the results of epidemiological studies. Properly conducted randomized studies without systematic errors and with statistical power adequate for demonstrating moderate and reasonable benefits in relevant clinical outcomes have provided reliable and strong results altering clinical practice, thus providing adequate treatment for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The dissemination and use of evidence-based medicine in treating coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure (HF), and in prevention will prevent hundreds of thousands of deaths annually in developed and developing countries. CVD is responsible for approximately 12 million deaths annually throughout the world, and approximately 60% of these deaths occur in developing countries. During recent years, an increase in mortality and morbidity rates due to CVD has occurred in developing countries. This increase is an indication that an epidemiological (demographic, economical, and health-related) transition is taking place in developing countries and this transition implies a global epidemic of CVD, which will require wide-ranging and globally effective strategies for prevention. The identification of conventional and emerging risk factors for CVD, as well as their management in high-risk individuals, has contributed to the decrease in the mortality rate due to CVD. Through a national collaboration, several multi-center and multinational randomized and epidemiological studies have been carried out throughout Brazil, thus contributing not only to a generalized scientific growth in different Brazilian hospitals but also to the consolidation of an increasingly evidence-based clinical practice.

Estudio ecofisiológico y agronómico del orégano en los sistemas de producción en Córdoba. EcophysiologicalL and agronomic studies of traditional and organic origanum production in Córdoba.

El presente proyecto da respuesta a la problemática agronómica de la Producción de Orégano en Córdoba siendo incluso extensible a la República Argentina. Existe una demanda del producto no satisfecha tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. La producción está en manos de pequeños productores los que necesitan de tecnologías para mejorar su capacidad productiva, e incluso exportar. En este contexto falta investigación básica y aplicada en relación a aspectos agronómicos de la Producción Primaria (Cultivo - Cosecha), de los ecotipos: Compacto Negrito, Criollo Mendocino, Chileno II, Verde Limón, Aromet Rosa 1, Aromet Rosa 2 y Orégano Invasor designado por la Cooperativa como Orégano Plaga. La hipótesis general del proyecto es: El Sistema de Producción Tradicional y Orgánico de los distintos ecotipos de orégano se los puede caracterizar agronómica y económicamente desde la perspectiva taxonómica, ecofisiológica, sanitaria y de la calidad del producto. Los objetivos son: a-Analizar los ecotipos de orégano en base a la taxonomía y el comportamiento ecofisiológico. b-Identificar las plagas y enfermedades. c-Evaluar la calidad del producto y el impacto económico de los Sistemas de Producción Tradicional y Orgánico. Las Metodologías incluyen evaluaciones respecto a variables: Taxonómicas, Anatómicas, Ecofisiológicas (Economía del Agua, del Carbono y de los Nutrientes), Fitosanitarias, Calidad del producto y evalución económica de los Sistemas Productivos en el contexto de la cadena de valor. De este proyecto se esperan obtener conocimientos básicos y aplicados sobre los Sistemas de Producción de orégano optimizando tecnologías económicamente sustentables.

Efectos de Territorio y Estrategias Familiares de Reproducción Social. El caso del Barrio Las playas de la ciudad de Villa María - Córdoba. Effects of Land and family strategies of social reproduction. The case of the neighborhood ´Las Playas´ in the city of Villa María - Córdoba.

Nuestro proyecto plantea analizar los recursos materiales y simbólicos que ponen en juego las familias pobres, en el marco de su reproducción social, a fin de evaluar en qué medida sus estrategias contribuyen a superar o reproducir las condiciones de pobreza hipotetizando que las prácticas sociales de las agentes en situación de pobreza, incluyen limitaciones conformadas por la estructura patrimonial disponible, como potencialidades inscriptas en la trayectoria colectiva y el estado de los instrumentos de reproducción del barrio, considerado como parte del sistema de estrategias de reproducción de sus unidades domésticas. En ese sentido la comprensión de las estrategias materiales y simbólicas que ponen en juego las familias pobres, nos ofrecerá una comprensión acabada de la problemática en cuestión a los efectos de lograr una incidencia mayor a la hora de la implementación de políticas públicas destinadas a este grupo poblacional, y grupos poblacionales similares. La inteligibilidad de este escenario social, puede ser aprehendida fundamentalmente, desde las posibilidades abiertas por las herramientas de tipo cualitativas, sin embargo la metodología utilizada en este proyecto de investigación considera la triangulación de inter-metodológica como recurso fundamental a fin de dar cuenta tanto de la dimensión explicativa como comprensiva de los problemas sociales a estudiar. La muestra es teórica intencional, sus alcances se definen por criterio de saturación teórica. Unidades de recolección: unidades familiares en situación de pobreza que viven en el barrio Las Playas, instituciones formales y no formales que conforman los instrumentos de reproducción social. En el trabajo de campo se profundizarán las estrategias de: 1- Observación a partir de la construcción de guías para la mayor precisión de un registro de tipo etnográfico; 2- Entrevistas semi-estructuradas y abiertas a diferentes familias del barrio seleccionadas a partir de la técnica denominada "Bola de Nieve" la cual provee un alcance exhaustivo en el territorio determinado; 3- Entrevista a informantes clave relacionados con ONGs e Instituciones Estatales actuantes en el barrio, referentes barriales y sindicales, punteros políticos, etc. Los datos obtenidos en el trabajo de campo deben relevar información que garantice el registro de las diversas miradas de los participantes y controlar la diferenciación entre los datos originales y las propias interpretaciones (Mendizábal, 2006). por lo cual la triangulación inter-metodológica, posibilitará articular reflexivamente los resultados cuantitavos y cualitativos. Se prevé la transferencia de resultados a través de publicaciones individuales o colectivas sobre los resultados obtenidos así como la presentación preliminar de los mismos en congresos y conferencias. Asimismo, se organizarán seminarios con los sectores de la sociedad civil que se trabaje en los que se espera discutir los resultados obtenidos.

Synthetic and mechanistic studies of the Thia-Fries Rearrangement

A study has been undertaken of the published literature on the Fries rearrangement, thermal, photo and microwave, since its discovery in 1908. A resume of these publications and especially of those pertaining to the thia-Fries rearrangement of sulfamate esters, has been compiled. Phenyl sulfamate, phenyl N,N-dimethylsulfamate, phenyl N,N-diethylsulfamate and phenyl N,N-di-n-propylsulfamate and many of their substituted compounds have been synthesised and purified, a total of thirty nine esters. The sulfamates have been characterised by mp / bp, infrared, C, H and N microanalysis and mass spectrum. Many of these sulfamates, twenty six in total, have been rearranged to sulfonamides in the thia-Fries rearrangement, and subsequently purified. The products were characterised by mp / bp, infrared, C, H and N microanalysis and mass spectrum. Mechanistic studies of the sulfamates have been investigated, particularly phenyl N,N-dimethylsulfamate. The rearrangement with various catalysts and catalytic ratios, the effect of solvents on the rearrangement and many crossover experiments have been carried out to determine the molecularity i.e. whether it is an inter-, intra- or bimolecular reaction. The microwave induced thia-Fries rearrangement has been examined to determine what effect this irradiation has on the rearrangement. Photo thia-Fries rearrangement has also been investigated.

Granular flow and design studies in flighted rotating drums

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Verfahrens- und Systemtechnik, Diss., 2013

A new generic and family position for Bufo Borbonica, by D. Dwight Davis.

v.20:no.12(1935)

Current classification and family-group names in Staphyliniformia (Coleoptera) / Alfred F. Newton, Jr., Margaret K. Thayer.

n.s. no.67(1992)

Paper electrophoretic and enzimatic studies on blood serum, venom and liver of "Bothrops jararaca"

Fígado, veneno e sôro sanguíneo de "Bothrops jararaca" foram estudados por meio da eletroforese em papel e determinação de atividades enzimáticas. Xantina oxidase e deshidrogenase foram encontradas sòmente no fígado das cobras. A análise espectrográfica do veneno e do sôro confirmam os resultados negativos obtidos para xantina oxidase uma vez que não foi encontrado molibdêneo. L-amino ácido oxidase foi determinada no fígado, sÔro e veneno. A eletroforese em papel do sôro sanguíneo mostrou que existem 7 frações proteicas, sendo que duas apresentam fluorescência característica de flavinas, quando expostas à luz ultra-violeta. Em vista dos resultados obtidos é concluido que as flavinas do sôro e do veneno de Bothrops jararaca estão na maior parte ligadas às proteínas. Estas flavinas combinadas parecem estar sob a forma de FAD (flavina adenina dinucleotídeo) fazendo parte do grupo prostético da L-amino ácido oxidase, uma vez que não foi encontrada nenhuma atividade de xantina oxidase.

The Ideas Debate in International and European Studies: Towards a Cartography and Critical Assessment

The appeal to ideas as causal variables and/or constitutive features of political processes increasingly characterises political analysis. Yet, perhaps because of the pace of this ideational intrusion, too often ideas have simply been grafted onto pre-existing explanatory theories at precisely the point at which they seem to get into difficulties, with little or no consideration either of the status of such ideational variables or of the character or consistency of the resulting theoretical hybrid. This is particularly problematic for ideas are far from innocent variables – and can rarely, if ever, be incorporated seamlessly within existing explanatory and/or constitutive theories without ontological and epistemological consequence. We contend that this tendency along with the limitations of the prevailing Humean conception of causality, and associated epistemological polemic between causal and constitutive logics, continue to plague almost all of the literature that strives to accord an explanatory role to ideas. In trying to move beyond the current vogue for epistemological polemic, we argue that the incommensurability thesis between causal and constitutive logics is only credible in the context of a narrow, Humean, conception of causation. If we reject this in favour of a more inclusive (and ontologically realist) understanding then it is perfectly possible to chart the causal significance of constitutive processes and reconstrue the explanatory role of ideas as causally constitutive.