Cuidado psicossocial em saúde mental: estudo em assentamentos rurais do Rio Grande do Norte

Dwellers of agrarian reform settlements have a life conditioned by poor living and work conditions, difficulties accessing health programs, social assistance and other public policies and by this exacerbating their psychosocial and environmental vulnerability, which has an impact on their mental health. This research investigates the availability of support by the health and social assistance staff, regarding the demands of common mental disorders and alcohol abuse of dwellers of nine settlements in Rio Grande do Norte. Fifty three experts from different professional categories were interviewed individually or in groups. The results indicate that the workers suffer from poor working conditions, attributes of patrimonial heritage and welfare, which still survives in Brazilian social policies and particularly at local administrations of the countryside. The staffs have little knowledge of the local conditions and of the mental health needs, which has a negative impact on the reception and offered care. The implemented health care still corresponds to the biomedical logic, characterized by ethnocentrism, technicality, biology, cure, individualism and specialization, with little participation of the dwellers and disregarding the traditional knowledge and practices of local health care and by this not achieving the expected results. The psychosocial attendance is not well coordinated, presenting problems with the follow-up and continuity of care. The psychosocial mental health care in rural context has to face the challenge of the reorganization of the health care networks, the establishment of primary health care close to the people’s everyday life, building intersectional practices considering a health multidetermination and health education connected to these specific contexts. Due to the lack of knowledge of the specifics of the life conditions of the dwellers and the fragmentation of the psychosocial health care network, these staffs do not abide and are not ready to face the mental health needs in order to interfere with these health iniquities.

Cuidado psicossocial em saúde mental: estudo em assentamentos rurais do Rio Grande do Norte

Dwellers of agrarian reform settlements have a life conditioned by poor living and work conditions, difficulties accessing health programs, social assistance and other public policies and by this exacerbating their psychosocial and environmental vulnerability, which has an impact on their mental health. This research investigates the availability of support by the health and social assistance staff, regarding the demands of common mental disorders and alcohol abuse of dwellers of nine settlements in Rio Grande do Norte. Fifty three experts from different professional categories were interviewed individually or in groups. The results indicate that the workers suffer from poor working conditions, attributes of patrimonial heritage and welfare, which still survives in Brazilian social policies and particularly at local administrations of the countryside. The staffs have little knowledge of the local conditions and of the mental health needs, which has a negative impact on the reception and offered care. The implemented health care still corresponds to the biomedical logic, characterized by ethnocentrism, technicality, biology, cure, individualism and specialization, with little participation of the dwellers and disregarding the traditional knowledge and practices of local health care and by this not achieving the expected results. The psychosocial attendance is not well coordinated, presenting problems with the follow-up and continuity of care. The psychosocial mental health care in rural context has to face the challenge of the reorganization of the health care networks, the establishment of primary health care close to the people’s everyday life, building intersectional practices considering a health multidetermination and health education connected to these specific contexts. Due to the lack of knowledge of the specifics of the life conditions of the dwellers and the fragmentation of the psychosocial health care network, these staffs do not abide and are not ready to face the mental health needs in order to interfere with these health iniquities.

Georeferenced standardized apparent wave power along the coastline of Cabrera National Park for analysis of essential habitats of littoral species

Wind- induced exposure is one of the major forces shaping the geomorphology and biota in coastal areas. The effect of wave exposure on littoral biota is well known in marine environments (Ekebon et al., 2003; Burrows et al., 2008). In the Cabrera Archipelago National Park wave exposure has demostrated to have an effect on the spatial distribution of different stages of E.marginatus (Alvarez et al., 2010). Standarized average wave exposures during 2008 along the Cabrera Archipelago National park coast line were calculated to be applied in studies of littoral species distribution within the archipelago. Average wave exposure (or apparent wave power) was calculated for points located 50 m equidistant on the coastline following the EXA methodology (EXposure estimates for fragmented Archipelagos) (Ekebon et al., 2003). The average wave exposures were standardized from 1 to 100 (minimum and maximum in the area), showing coastal areas with different levels of mea wave exposure during the year. Input wind data (direction and intensity) from 2008 was registered at the Cabrera mooring located north of Cabrera Archipelago. Data were provided by IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB, TMMOS http://www.imedea.uib-csic.es/tmoos/boyas/). This cartography has been developed under the framework of the project EPIMHAR, funded by the National Park's Network (Spanish Ministry of Environment, Maritime and Rural Affairs, reference: 012/2007 ). Part of this work has been developed under the research programs funded by "Fons de Garantia Agrària i Pesquera de les Illes Balears (FOGAIBA)".

Resíduos da indústria agro-alimentar como possíveis fontes de ácido ferúlico

A indústria agro-alimentar produz anualmente uma grande quantidade de subprodutos, ainda tratados como desperdício. A indústria cervejeira, em particular, está associada à produção de vários resíduos, entre os quais o bagaço de malte, também designado bagaço de cerveja ou dreche. Sendo produzida numa razão de 20 kg por cada 100 litros de cerveja, só na Ilha da Madeira a produção de dreche ultrapassa as 2000 toneladas/ano. O presente trabalho foi realizado com o intuito de estudar a utilização da dreche como material de partida para a extracção de ácido ferúlico, um ácido hidroxicinâmico com elevada bioactividade e aplicações. A caracterização físico-química da dreche permitiu determinar um teor de humidade de aproximadamente 70% e um teor de cinzas de cerca de 3,6%. A distribuição granulométrica da dreche seca, revelou que cerca de 70% das partículas que a constituem têm dimensão entre 1 e 0,25 mm. A extracção com acetona produziu um extracto contendo 5 compostos de natureza fenólica, determinados por LC-MS. A hidrólise alcalina – uma das técnicas que permitem a extracção de compostos como o ácido ferúlico a partir de matrizes lenhocelulósicas – foi estudada em amostras de dreche submetidas a tratamento prévio. O pré-tratamento com ácido diluído demonstrou ser eficiente na extracção do ácido ferúlico a partir da dreche. A extracção em autoclave mostrou ser eficiente na extracção do ácido ferúlico [0,28% (m/m)] e uma simplificação do procedimento posterior à reacção de hidrólise alcalina fez aumentar o rendimento de extracção em cerca de 84%, comparativamente ao procedimento habitual. As condições óptimas de hidrólise alcalina em tubos autopressurizados aconteceram a 120 ºC, por 1,5 horas, num rácio de 20 mL/g e NaOH (1,5%). O processo de purificação do ácido ferúlico extraído por adsorção numa resina sintética resultou em percentagens de adsorção de 90,83% e de dessorção em torno dos 68,70%.

Renda e Pobreza entre Famílias no meio Rural do Nordeste

MARIANO, J. L. ; NEDER, H. D. . Renda e Pobreza entre Famílias no meio Rural do Nordeste. In: CONGRESSO DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE ECONOMIA E SOCIOLGOGIA RURAL, 42., 2004, Cuiabá - MT. Anais... Cuiabá, 2004. Dinâmicas Setoriais e Desenvolvimento Regional.

Madeira wine vinification process: analysis and control

The present study was done in collaboration with J. Faria e Filhos company, a Madeira wine producer, and its main goal was to fully characterize three wines produced during 2014 harvest and identify possible improving points in the winemaking process. The winemaking process was followed during 4 weeks, being registered the amounts of grapes received, the fermentation temperatures, the time at which fermentation was stopped and evolution of must densities until the fortification time. The characterization of musts and wines was done in terms of density, total and volatile acidity, alcohol content, pH, total of polyphenol, organic acids composition, sugars concentration and the volatile profile. Also, it was developed and validated an analytical methodology to quantify the volatile fatty acids, namely using SPME-GC-MS. Briefly, the following key features were obtained for the latter methodology: linearity (R2=0.999) e high sensitivity (LOD =0.026-0.068 mg/L), suitable precision (repeatability and reproducibility lower than 8,5%) and good recoveries (103,11-119,46%). The results reveal that fermentation temperatures should be controlled in a more strictly manner, in order to ensure a better balance in proportion of some volatile compounds, namely the esters and higher alcohols and to minimize the concentration of some volatiles, namely hexanoic, octanoic and decanoic acids, that when above their odours threshold are not positive for the wine aroma. Also, regarding the moment to stop the fermentation, it was verified that it can be introduced changes which can also be benefit to guarantee the tipicity of Madeira wine bouquet.

Estudo da composição e das propriedades bioactivas de plantas produtoras de bagas

O consumo de frutas e vegetais tem sido associado à prevenção de várias doenças crónicas, nomeadamente doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes, cancro e outras que envolvam processos inflamatórios. As bagas destacam-se pelo seu elevado conteúdo em polifenóis, cujas propriedades antioxidantes contribuem para a manutenção da saúde humana. O presente trabalho teve como alvo de estudo as diferentes partes morfológicas (bagas e folhas) de espécies produtoras de bagas, nomeadamente Elaeagnus umbellata, a Rubus grandofolius, a Sambucus lancolata, a Vaccinium padifolium e a Vaccinium cylindraceum, tendo em vista a sua valorização como produtos alimentares e/ou nutracêuticos. A caracterização físico-química destas espécies permitiu determinar que o teor total de sólidos solúveis (TSS) das bagas varia de 4,4 a 16,5 °Brix. As bagas demonstraram ser a parte morfológica com teor de humidade mais elevado. A análise do perfil fenólico por HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn, no modo negativo, dos extractos metanólicos mostrou que as folhas apresentam maior conteúdo de compostos fenólicos, comparativamente às bagas. Os ácidos hidroxicinâmicos (derivados dos ácidos cafeicos, cumárico e ferúlico), os ácidos cafeoilquínicos, bem como os flavonóis-O-glicosilados (derivados da quercetina e canferol) predominam nestas espécies. A análise pelo modo positivo permitiu a identificação de antocianinas glicosiladas (delfinidina, cianidina, petunidina, peonidina e malvidina) nas bagas e folhas jovens da espécie Vaccinium padifolium. Os ensaios in vitro de simulação da digestão gastrointestinal permitiram compreender a sua influência na actividade antioxidante dos extractos. Após a digestão, as folhas continuam a apresentar maior capacidade antioxidante do que as bagas. Adicionalmente, concluiu-se que as enzimas presentes neste processo têm menor influência do que o pH e a força iónica dos sucos digestivos. O estudo do efeito inibitório in vitro dos extractos sobre a actividade de enzimas responsáveis pelo metabolismo dos hidratos de carbono permitiu determinar que os viii Joana Pinto (2016) extractos foram mais eficientes na inibição da actividade da α-glucosidase do que na inibição da actividade da α-amilase.

Post-Secular Tourism : A Study of Pilgrimages to Santiago de Compostela

This thesis takes its starting-point in the post-secular changes in society and how these interplay with tourism. In spite of the intensive academic debate on and theorisation of the post-secular and post-secularism, the role of tourism in this change, called the return of religion, has not been studied. Conversely, neither has the role of post-secularism in tourism been addressed. The overall aim of this thesis is to describe and understand the relation between post-secularism and tourism. Specifically, the aim is to clarify and understand the relation between religious faith, place and tourism in our time on the basis of a case study of pilgrimage in the area of Santiago de Compostela. In other words, the thesis highlights the role of tourism in the emergence of what is now called the post-secular condition. Santiago de Compostela is a Catholic Church instituted holy city, which has increase in number of visitors. The growing number of pilgrimages and their significance lend vitality to the return of religion phenomenon. The empirical material derives primarily from individual interviews as narratives are considered to be a vital dimension to constitute and construct human realities and modes of being. This thesis shows that contemporary pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela is a post-secular performative and place-creating phenomenon. Post-secular tourist places are subjective and spiritually meaningful destinations. Unlike traditional pilgrimage destinations a key attribute is that neither traditional religious faith nor loyalty to institutionalised faith are (pre)ordained. Rather, place is constructed by the narratives and experiences of post-secular tourists.

A assistência técnica nos habitats do MST e o papel do arquiteto e urbanista

This dissertation is about Architect and town planner inserts in the technical support of the Rural establishment and of the possibilities of changes in their habitat. It also looks for its participation through the production of those spaces with or without its performance through two references cases, in Rio Grande do Norte , one called settlement Eldorado de Carajás and another one called Maria da Paz. At first the process represents the model that was adopted systematically by Incra until the middle of the year 2000 with the sub-contracting of their construction work through small companies. These standardized projects which are executed without registration in the system CONFEA/CREA without demand of professional authorship and of technical responsibility of the work. But the process taken place at Maria da Paz s area was configured as one of the first initiatives that stopped with those practices. Consolidated through a partnership among UFRN MST and INCRA/RN, the Architect s technical support and town planner brought new technician-scientific organization and execution of the soil parcels and its habitat. The participation of UFRN was done through a group of studies in land reform and Habitat (GERAH) being this author and coordinator of the methodological proposal, based on the regressive-progressive method and in the inclusion of the conflict as responsible of the ruptures and transductions both done by Henry Léfèbvre and in the research action approached by Carlos Brandão. Therefore it included the process of social learning and collective production of new knowledge and attitudes in relation to the environment in the process called as attended self management in spite of the transformations happened with this new agent s participation. The people re-located to the new areas that got involved in the process and finished their constructions reelaborating the daily practice of the collective effort passed to the self management without technical support. Years later the implantation of those two experiences our research verified that there is a positive image concerning the Architect and town planner, related, most of all to the conception of the activities, orientation and execution of constructions projects and of acceptance of those professionals to the processes of implementation of the Habitats of the Rural establishments. This dissertation analyses this form of performance, from and beyond these images trying to find the professional, specificities or methodological in such a way to demonstrate the importance of its insertion in the formulation and attendance of the more of 100.000 habitats of Rural establishments of the land reform of the country that correspond to most of the housing social interest in the country side

Renda e Pobreza entre Famílias no meio Rural do Nordeste

MARIANO, J. L. ; NEDER, H. D. . Renda e Pobreza entre Famílias no meio Rural do Nordeste. In: CONGRESSO DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE ECONOMIA E SOCIOLGOGIA RURAL, 42., 2004, Cuiabá - MT. Anais... Cuiabá, 2004. Dinâmicas Setoriais e Desenvolvimento Regional.

Educação ambiental no contexto da extensão rural pública: a execução do programa de assessoria técnica, social e ambiental no núcleo operacional São Gabriel (RS)

O histórico de desigualdade no uso e posse das terras agricultáveis impulsionou o surgimento de políticas públicas de reforma agrária no Brasil. A principal dessas políticas, é a criação de assentamentos de reforma agrária, nos quais os assentados, além de receber um lote de terra para seu uso, são beneficiários de outras políticas públicas, entre estas, uma específica de Extensão Rural, o Programa de Assessoria Técnica, Social e Ambiental (ATES). Este programa traz em sua definição a incorporação do campo social da Educação Ambiental, colocando esta como uma atribuição dos técnicos contratados. No presente estudo, buscou-se esclarecer qual a forma que a Educação Ambiental vem sendo trabalhada no âmbito do programa de ATES, utilizando como referência as classificações descritas por Sauvé (2005) e Layrargues (2012), correntes e macrotendências, respectivamente. Para responder a essa questão, foram entrevistados membros da equipe técnica de ATES do Núcleo Operacional (NO) São Gabriel. As entrevistas foram analisadas através da metodologia intitulada Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD). As principais temáticas trabalhadas nesse sentido são o lixo doméstico, o lixo agrícola, a produção sustentável e outros assuntos que, de uma forma ou outra, estão relacionados à constituição de um ambiente. Observouse que as ações desenvolvidas pelos técnicos de ATES enquadram-se nas correntes conservacionista/recursista, biorregionalista, naturalista/recursista e naturalista, bem como apresentam aproximações, por razões diversas, com as três macrotendências existentes segundo Layrargues (2012). Também foi constatada a insatisfação dos técnicos com a forma insuficiente que a Educação Ambiental está colocada no Programa de ATES. Constatou-se também a existência de diferentes concepções sobre a categoria ambiente, as quais estão relacionadas com os fatores “histórico de vida” e “função desempenhada no âmbito do Programa”.

Efeitos da vacina contra a circovirose suína sobre os parâmetros reprodutivos e produtivos em porcas reprodutoras e o seu impacto económico

Dissertação de mestrado apresentada na área Produção e Tecnologia Animal, na Escola Superior Agrária de Santarém, do Instituto Politécnico de Santarém.

Estudo levantamento das anomalias da coagulação em leites individuais de vacas leiteiras da Ilha Terceira

Dissertação de Mestrado, Tecnologia e Segurança Alimentar, 4 de Abril de 2016, Universidade dos Açores.

Efeitos da vacina contra a circovirose suína sobre os parâmetros reprodutivos e produtivos em porcas reprodutoras e o seu impacto económico

Dissertação de mestrado apresentada na área Produção e Tecnologia Animal, na Escola Superior Agrária de Santarém, do Instituto Politécnico de Santarém.

Desenvolvimento e crescimento da espécie de cogumelo Pleurotus ostreatus em garrafas de plástico reutilizado

Dissertação de Mestrado, Tecnologia e Segurança Alimentar, 22 de Junho de 2016, Universidade dos Açores.