Salvianolic Acid B Inhibits Growth of Cervical Cancer Cells in vitro via Induction of Apoptosis through the Extrinsic Pathway

In 2014 alone, over 12,000 women are expected to be diagnosed with cervical cancer. Of these women who are diagnosed, about 3,909 will result in death. Despite developments in prevention methods, cervical cancer remains a major health concern for women. Growing evidence suggests that Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), a major component of the Chinese herb Danshen, may inhibit cancer cell growth and help fight against cervical cancer. This study characterizes the potential of Sal B as a cervical cancer drug through in vitro testing on HeLa cells. We hypothesized that application of Sal B to HeLa cells will result in decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis in a dose dependent manner. HeLa cells were treated with varying concentrations of Sal B: 25µM, 50µM, 100µM, and 200µM. Cell viability was determined through colony formation assay, cell death ELISA, and nuclear morphology. An inhibitor study was also conducted for further apoptosis pathway analysis. Colony formation assay demonstrated a significant decrease in cell viability with increasing concentrations of Sal B with 75% viability at 50µM down to 0% viability at 200µM. Cell death ELISA and the analysis of nuclear morphology via Hoechst staining reported significant levels of apoptosis at concentrations equal to 50µM and greater. Furthermore, experiments using caspase inhibitors indicated that Sal B’s apoptotic effects are caspase-8 dependent. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that Sal B inhibits cancer cell growth by a mechanism that involves apoptosis induction through the extrinsic pathway.

Resolution Limits in Full- and Limited-Angle Tomography

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The effect of prenatal or early postnatal irradiation on the production of anti-arsonate antibodies and Cross-reactive idiotypes

Preliminary studies on the long-term effects of prenatal and early postnatal irradiation on the immune response to arsonate were performed using A/J mice. Pregnant mice were irradiated (0·5 Gy, X-rays) or sham-irradiated on a single occasion during gestation (between day 5 and 18 post-conception). Alternatively, newborn mice received the same treatment between day 2 and 7 after birth. Mice were immunized with keyhole limpet haemocyanin-arsonate (KLH-Ars) in adjuvant from 2 months after birth. The levels of specific antibodies to arsonate (anti-Ars) were measured by radioimmunoassay. In addition, the Ars-related cross-reactive idiotype (CRIA) was measured by the haemagglutination technique. In the primary response the titre of anti-Ars was reduced in animals that had been irradiated between day 12 and 15 of gestation. In the second response, in contrast, they had increased levels of anti-Ars. After immunization with KLH-Ars, high levels of CRIA were observed in all groups. However, in mice irradiated 18-20 days after conception the level of CRIA was often much higher than the level of anti-Ars, indicating that a large proportion of the CRIA-positive molecules were not specific for Ars. Thus, in this particular case, some specificity of the immune response was lost after irradiation. The expression of recurrent idiotypes may be a sensitive indicator of immunological perturbations after irradiation. © 1988 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.

Predictive immunomonitoring-The COST ENTIRE initiative

SCOPUS: ed.j

LPS-binding protein and IL-6 Mark paradoxical tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV patients

Background: Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) remains a poorly understood complication in HIV-TB co-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). The role of the innate immune system in TB-IRIS is becoming increasingly apparent, however the potential involvement in TB-IRIS of a leaky gut and proteins that interfere with TLR stimulation by binding PAMPs has not been investigated before. Here we aimed to investigate the innate nature of the cytokine response in TB-IRIS and to identify novel potential biomarkers. Methods: From a large prospective cohort of HIV-TB co-infected patients receiving TB treatment, we compared 40 patients who developed TB-IRIS during the first month of ART with 40 patients matched for age, sex and baseline CD4 count who did not. We analyzed plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP), LPS, sCD14, endotoxin-core antibody, intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) and 18 pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines before and during ART. Results: We observed lower baseline levels of IL-6 (p = 0.041), GCSF (p = 0.036) and LBP (p = 0.016) in TB-IRIS patients. At IRIS event, we detected higher levels of LBP, IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, G-CSF (p ≤ 0.032) and lower I-FABP levels (p = 0.013) compared to HIV-TB co-infected controls. Only IL-6 showed an independent effect in multivariate models containing significant cytokines from pre-ART (p = 0.039) and during TB-IRIS (p = 0.034). Conclusion: We report pre-ART IL-6 and LBP levels as well as IL-6, LBP and I-FABP levels during IRIS-event as potential biomarkers in TB-IRIS. Our results show no evidence of the possible contribution of a leaky gut to TB-IRIS and indicate that IL-6 holds a distinct role in the disturbed innate cytokine profile before and during TB-IRIS. Future clinical studies should investigate the importance and clinical relevance of these markers for the diagnosis and treatment of TB-IRIS. Copyright: © 2013 Goovaerts et al.

Nations' income inequality predicts ambivalence in stereotype content: How societies mind the gap

Income inequality undermines societies: The more inequality, the more health problems, social tensions, and the lower social mobility, trust, life expectancy. Given people's tendency to legitimate existing social arrangements, the stereotype content model (SCM) argues that ambivalence-perceiving many groups as either warm or competent, but not both-may help maintain socio-economic disparities. The association between stereotype ambivalence and income inequality in 37 cross-national samples from Europe, the Americas, Oceania, Asia, and Africa investigates how groups' overall warmth-competence, status-competence, and competition-warmth correlations vary across societies, and whether these variations associate with income inequality (Gini index). More unequal societies report more ambivalent stereotypes, whereas more equal ones dislike competitive groups and do not necessarily respect them as competent. Unequal societies may need ambivalence for system stability: Income inequality compensates groups with partially positive social images. © 2012 The British Psychological Society.

Desafíos para la construcción de una política de ordenamiento territorial en la Argentina

En la actualidad, uno de los procesos con mayor impacto ambiental y social en Latinoamérica es el cambio de usos del suelo, provocado por el aumento de la demanda global de alimentos y biocombustibles. Este cambio antropogénico se concreta en el territorio a partir de la reconfiguración espacial de la producción y de la expansión de la frontera agropecuaria. La situación planteada se reproduce a nivel nacional y, con sus particularidades, en la Provincia de La Pampa. En este marco, la formulación de políticas de ordenamiento territorial (OT) se posiciona como una tarea indelegable del Estado. Sin embargo, al momento, nuestro país no cuenta con una arquitectura conceptual, normativa e institucional propia y la participación social no tiene un impacto real en el diseño, implementación y evaluación de las estrategias de intervención. Ante el contexto presentado, el objetivo general de la investigación es contribuir a la reflexión crítica acerca del ordenamiento territorial como herramienta de política pública que permitiría avanzar en la construcción participativa de un modelo de desarrollo sustentable. El tema se analiza a partir de una extensa revisión bibliográfica, del análisis de la Política Nacional de Desarrollo y Ordenamiento Territorial (PNDT), y de la experiencia adquirida durante nuestra intervención en el Departamento Loventué, Provincia de La Pampa. La construcción de una política de OT en Argentina requiere avanzar hacia contextos de mayor precisión conceptual, así como en la delimitación de las competencias institucionales, lo que permitiría clarificar la especificidad de los campos de acción, facilitando su inserción en una estructura político-institucional que le asigne fuentes específicas de financiamiento. Por su parte, la activa participación social facilita el acercamiento entre las aspiraciones territoriales que sustentan los cuadros técnicos y los imaginarios sociales acerca del territorio, al tiempo que fortalece la legitimidad simbólica de la regulación jurídico-política del ordenamiento territorial.

Caracterización socioproductiva de los sistemas ganaderos ovinos de las sierras de Córdoba

Los sistemas agropecuarios extrapampeanos de Argentina presentan características socioeconómicas diferentes a los evidenciados en la zona núcleo de producción agrícola. Estas áreas comúnmente llamadas desfavorecidas por sus características agroecológicas sostienen producciones de tipo familiares orientadas fundamentalmente a sistemas extensivos de producción ganadera. El área de estudio se enmarca dentro de estas áreas desfavorecidas, ubicadas en el noroeste de la provincia de Córdoba. La información disponible por su fragmentación geográfica o bien por la invisibilidad de sus productores es escasa o imprecisa lo que induce problemas conexos en el diseño de políticas de desarrollo rural adecuadas a estos sistemas productivos. En ese sentido se inicia el estudio de sus componentes sociológicos y productivos. Esto permite reconocer la heterogeneidad presente e identificar los actores sociales intervinientes. La estructura agraria supone bajo un proceso histórico de territorialización una distribución de los medios de producción: tierra y trabajo. El factor tierra presenta una distribución asimétrica con tendencia a la concentración como sucede en el resto de la provincia y en relación al trabajo la mayoría de las explotaciones agropecuarias presentan trabajo de tipo familiar. Ambos componentes propiedad parcelaria y trabajo familiar típicos de las economías campesinas. La producción ovina es tradicional en la zona de estudio y su orientación es mixta para la producción de lana y cordero liviano que es vendido en su amplia mayoría de forma informal al mercado próximo. La lana que se produce en la zona es de tipo mediana a gruesa con excelente aptitud para la confección de alfombras Estos productores son considerados por el estado en tanto conforman los centros de acopio de lana en la medida que son sujetos beneficiarios de programas nacionales pero siempre intermediados por ONG que implican la acción de nuevos actores sociales al área de estudio.

Evaluation of technologies of weed control in the sugarcane field

p.1-11

Review of household demand elasticities in Argentina

p.95-108

Con máquinas propias o con las del contratista : puntos de indiferencia a través de 12 años

p.235-240

El ajuste de los coeficientes de gastos de conservación y reparaciones de las máquinas agrícolas ante cambios de la relación de precios

p.71-75

La optimización de la carga animal en la invernada vacuna

p.107-113

Review of household demand elasticities in Argentina

p.95-108

Evaluation of technologies of weed control in the sugarcane field

p.1-11