961 resultados para Forest inventories
Resumo:
Recent research on payments for environmental services (PES) has observed that high transaction costs (TCs) are incurred through the implementation of PES schemes and farmer participation. TCs incurred by households are considered to be an obstacle to the participation in and efficiency of PES policies. This study aims to understand transactions related to previous forest plantation programmes and to estimate the actual TCs incurred by farmers who participated in these programmes in a mountainous area of northwestern Vietnam. In addition, this study examines determinants of households’ TCs to test the hypothesis of whether the amount of TCs varies according to household characteristics. Results show that average TCs are not likely to be a constraint for participation since they are about 200,000 VND (USD 10) per household per contract, which is equivalent to one person’s average earnings for about two days of labour. However, TCs amount to more than one-third of the programmes’ benefits, which is relatively high compared to PES programmes in developed countries. This implies that rather than aiming to reduce TCs, an appropriate agenda for policy improvement is to balance the level of TCs with PES programme benefits to enhance the overall attractiveness of afforestation programmes for smallholder farmers. Regression analysis reveals that education, gender and perception towards PES programmes have significant effects on the magnitude of TCs. The analyses also points out the importance of local conditions on the level of TCs, with some unexpected results.
Resumo:
Narra los pensamientos de un niño que explora, acompañado de su padre, un bosque tropical prehistórico en el norte de Queensland en Australia. El libro tiene ilustraciones a modo de collages construidas con materiales naturales que crean un efecto tridimensional.
Resumo:
Observaciones sobre una osa negra de América del Norte y sus cachorros. Ella les enseña a estar alerta de los peligros, cómo encontrar alimentos y cómo deben prepararse para la hibernación. Después de dos años los cachorros son capaces de independizarse. Adecuado para transmitir a los niños los patrones de comportamiento de los osos y la protección maternal.
Resumo:
Material de apoyo para la enseñanza de la lectura en la educación primaria. El texto tiene dos niveles de dificultad y dos tamaños de letra. El segundo nivel es el de mayor dificultad pensada para lectores más expertos y con un vocabulario apropiado para introducir en los niños habilidades de recuperación de la información. Investiga el efecto de la intervención humana en el paisaje. Una vez, hubo un gran bosque cerca de Londres. Aquí se ve cómo ha cambiado el bosque a través de los años.
Resumo:
Narra los pensamientos de un niño que explora, acompañado de su padre, un bosque tropical prehistórico en el norte de Queensland en Australia. El libro tiene ilustraciones a modo de collages construidas con materiales naturales que crean un efecto tridimensional. Edición idónea para la lectura compartida.
Resumo:
This article compares the mid-nineteenth century landscape of the River Tordera delta with the present day landscape, based, above all, on the changes that have occurred in land use and land cover. The mid 19th century landscape was reconstructed using data obtained from the amillaraments (land inventories) and other historical documents. Present-day land use and cover was established through photo interpretation and field work. The most important changes detected concern the almost complete disappearance of certain crops, such as vineyards, which were very important in the 19th century; the expansion of forest in place of abandoned tilled land and the increase in built up areas, which, taken together, produce a highly fragmented landscape pattern
