Genetic divergence between Cyprinus carpio carpio and Cyprinus carpio haematopterus as assessed by mitochondrial DNA analysis, with emphasis on origin of European domestic carp

Although common carp is the major fish species in Asian and European aquaculture and many domestic varieties have occurred, there is a controversy about the origination of European domestic common carp. Some scientists affirmed that the ancestor of European domestic common carp was Danube River wild common carp, but others considered it might be Asian common carp. For elucidating origination of European domestic common carp, we chose two representative European domestic common carp strains (German mirror carp and Russian scattered scaled mirror carp) and one wild common carp strain of Cyprinus carpio carpio subspecies (Volga River wild common carp) and two Asian common carp strains, the Yangtze River wild common carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus) and traditionally domestic Xingguo red common carp, as experimental materials. ND5-ND6 and D-loop segments of mitochondrial DNA were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and analyzed through restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequencing respectively. The results revealed that HaeIII and DdeI digestion patterns of ND5-ND6 segment and sequences of control region were different between European subspecies C. carpio carpio and Asian subspecies C. carpio haematopterus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that German mirror carp and Russian scattered scaled mirror carp belonged to two subspecies, C. carpio carpio and C. carpio haematopterus, respectively. Therefore, there were different ancestors for domestic carp in Europe: German mirror carp was domesticated from European subspecies C. carpio carpio and Russian scattered scaled mirror carp originated from Asian subspecies C. carpio haematopterus.

Modeling and optimization of semiconductor manufacturing process with neural networks

A neural network-based process model is proposed to optimize the semiconductor manufacturing process. Being different from some works in several research groups which developed neural network-based models to predict process quality with a set of process variables of only single manufacturing step, we applied this model to wafer fabrication parameters control and wafer lot yield optimization. The original data are collected from a wafer fabrication line, including technological parameters and wafer test results. The wafer lot yield is taken as the optimization target. Learning from historical technological records and wafer test results, the model can predict the wafer yield. To eliminate the "bad" or noisy samples from the sample set, an experimental method was used to determine the number of hidden units so that both good learning ability and prediction capability can be obtained.

Microspheres and microcapsules, a survey of manufacturing techniques: Part III: Solvent evaporation

A methodological survey of microsphere formation and microencapsulation techniques based on solvent extraction/evaporation techniques is presented. Thus, basic features of solvent extraction and solvent evaporation processes, including droplet formation, droplet/particle stabilization, and solvent removal, are outlined. Preparation of a wide range of microspherical and microcapsular products based on biodegradable polyesters, polysaccharides, and nonbiodegradable polymers are discussed. Dependence of microcapsule characteristics on manufacturing parameters, as well as performance evaluation of microspherical and microcapsular products, are also briefly covered.

A Scheduling Algorithm for Flexible Manufacturing Cell

In this paper, a new scheduling algorithm for the flexible manufacturing cell is presented, which is a discrete time control method with fixed length control period combining with event interruption. At the flow control level we determine simultaneously the production mix and the proportion of parts to be processed through each route. The simulation results for a hypothetical manufacturing cell are presented.

An analysis of manufacturing simulation software.

As a management tool Similation Software deserves greater analysis from both an academic and industrial viewpoint. A comparative study of three packages was carried out from a 'first time' use approach. This allowed the ease of use and package features to be assessed using a simple theoretical benchmark manufacturing process. To back the use of these packages an objective survey on simulation use and package features was carried out within the manufacturing industry.This identified the use of simulation software, its' applicability and preception of user requirements thereby proposing an ideal package.

Automatic diagnosis of task faults in flexible manufacturing systems

Hardy, N. W., Barnes, D. P., Lee, L. H. (1989). Automatic diagnosis of task faults in flexible manufacturing systems. Robotica, 7 (1):25-35

Volcanic eruptions dry fogs and the european palaeoenvironmental record: Localised phenomena or Hemispheric impacts?

Grattan, John and Pyatt, J.P 'Volcanic eruptions dry fogs and the european palaeoenvironmental record: Localised phenomena or Hemispheric impacts?' Global and Planetary Change, 21(1999) 173-179

A European Perspective on the Precautionary Principle, Food Safety and the Free Trade Imperative of the WTO

A European Perspective on the Precautionary Principle, Food Safety and the Free Trade Imperative of the WTO. European Law Review, Vol.27, No.2. April 2002, pp.138-155. RAE2008

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and European Security Law

Odello, Marco, The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and European Security Law, In: European Security Law, Oxford University Press, pp. 295-328, 2007. RAE2008

The Internet and the Human Right to Food: The European Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed

Salmon, Naomi, 'The Internet and the Human Right to Food: The European Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed', Information and Communications Technology Law, (2005) 14 (1), pp. 43-57 Special Issue: GATED COMMUNITIES RAE2008

Career transitions in sport: European perspectives

Wylleman, P., Alfermann, D., Lavallee, D. (2004). Career transitions in sport: European perspectives. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 5 (1), 7-20 RAE2008

Becoming Europeans? Attitudes, Roles and Socialisation in the European Parliament?

Scully, Roger, Becoming Europeans? Attitudes, Roles and Socialisation in the European Parliament (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), pp.vii+168 RAE2008