Formação do vínculo na implantação do Programa Saúde da Família numa Unidade Básica de Saúde

Este estudo objetivou conhecer as estratégias de formação do vínculo entre usuários e profissionais do Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF) de uma unidade básica em Fortaleza-CE. Estudo descritivo de natureza qualitativa, realizado nos meses de agosto e setembro de 2007 em Fortaleza-Ceará-Brasil. Os informantes do estudo foram os 12 profissionais das equipes de saúde da família. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista e organizados na forma de categorização das falas dos sujeitos, com base na técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo e analisados com a literatura. Foram respeitadas as questões éticas inerentes a estudos com seres humanos. Os profissionais compreendem vínculo como relacionamento, cumplicidade e confiança. Acreditam que organização do serviço, compromisso e respeito são indispensáveis para a consolidação deste processo, que pode ser formado com grupos, acolhimento e visita domiciliar. Ressalta-se a importância da formação do vínculo no Programa Saúde da Família como estratégia para uma melhor assistência à saúde.

Avaliação do risco nutricional em idosos atendidos por Equipes de Saúde da Família

Alterações do estado nutricional contribuem para o aumento da morbi-mortalidade em idosos. O instrumento The Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI) foi desenvolvido para identificar riscos nutricionais nesse grupo populacional. Este estudo tem por objetivos descrever o perfil sociodemográfico e avaliar o risco nutricional de idosos atendidos por equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família. O estudo é transversal, com amostra de 503 idosos residentes em Dourados (MS). Instrumentos: NSI e questionário estruturado para as variáveis sociodemográficas de saúde. Verificou-se o predomínio de idosos do sexo feminino, entre 60 a 69 anos, viúvos, analfabetos, de renda per capita de até um salário mínimo, com hipertensão e auto-avaliação regular de saúde. O NSI permitiu identificar 33,2% de idosos com alto risco nutricional, o que se mostrou significativamente associado ao baixo nível de escolaridade, à baixa renda per capita e às doenças crônicas. Como método de rastreio, o NSI mostrou-se útil para identificar os determinantes sociais e de saúde que contribuem para o risco nutricional.

Capacitação em bioética para profissionais da Saúde da Família do município de Santo André, SP

Relato de experiência da capacitação em bioética para enfermeiros e médicos da Estratégia Saúde da Família, Santo André, SP. Trata-se de trabalho calcado na problematização e bioética deliberativa, que objetivou apresentar o procedimento da deliberação para subsidiar o manejo de problemas éticos. Trabalharam-se os conteúdos transversalmente em cinco sequências de atividades, em dois momentos de concentração, intercalados por um de dispersão. Na primeira concentração, desenvolveram-se conceitos chaves e conteúdos da bioética deliberativa. Na segunda, houve sessões de deliberação para situações de conflito moral, selecionadas e preparadas durante a dispersão. Os participantes avaliaram a deliberação como um instrumental adequado para lidar com as questões éticas que vivem. A problematização mostrou-se efetiva como estratégia educativa na formação contínua em bioética deliberativa.

Prática de rastreamento no cenário do Programa Saúde da Família em Sorocaba (SP)

A problematização, quando realizada na comunidade, potencializa a interação com a realidade. Um tema que pode ser destacado na prática da atenção primária é o diagnóstico precoce. O objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar uma experiência de problematização com o segundo ano de Medicina da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Sorocaba. Foi realizado um estudo transversal no período de agosto a setembro de 2004 nos bairros onde está implantado o Programa Saúde da Família (PSF). Utilizou-se o Self Report Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) como instrumento de rastreamento dos Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC). Também foram obtidas informações sociodemográficas e de co-morbidade. Os resultados foram apresentados à Prefeitura para a definição da intervenção. Realizadas as entrevistas com 184 indivíduos, a prevalência de TMC foi de 35,3%, havendo diferença significante na prevalência segundo idade, co-morbidade, renda per capita, bairro e escolaridade. A estratégia de intervenção proposta dividiu-se em individual e coletiva, consistindo na referência dos possíveis portadores de TMC para consulta, terapia comunitária e trabalho em promoção à saúde. O trabalho realizado se mostrou uma eficaz metodologia de ensino. Os alunos entraram em contato com uma realidade social díspar da sua, que os conduziu a reflexões úteis na sua formação humana e acadêmica.

Percepção e avaliação dos alunos do curso de medicina de uma escola médica pública sobre a importância do estágio em saúde da família na sua formação

Na Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), o ensino da Atenção Primária (AP) com enfoque em medicina de família no primeiro ano de internato se iniciou em 1997. A estratégia de ensino consiste em inserir o aluno em equipes de saúde da família para vivenciar as práticas na realidade do Sistema Único de Saúde. As práticas programadas foram consulta médica individual, seguimento de famílias, visitas domiciliares, atividades de grupos e discussões de casos individuais e de famílias. Foram enfatizadas a prevenção de doenças e a promoção da saúde, bem como a vivência com o usuário, buscando-se a assistência integral. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a contribuição do estágio no Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF) para a formação dos alunos do quinto ano do curso de Medicina da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), em AP, tendo 103 alunos respondido a um questionário estruturado aplicado antes e depois do estágio. Segundo o aluno, o estágio contribuiu de forma positiva para a sua formação, principalmente nos aspectos de integração com a equipe de saúde, humanização e visão dos principais princípios da saúde da família e da AP, tais como trabalho em equipe, longitudinalidade, acessibilidade e atuação na prevenção. Após o estágio, o aluno passou a dar mais importância aos aspectos sociais e econômicos do paciente e a avaliá-lo como um ser biopsicossocial.

Compreendendo os profissionais de saúde da família como potenciais estudantes na educação à distância

Este artigo descreve os principais achados de um inquérito realizado no Estado do Ceará, Brasil, com o objetivo de avaliar a aceitabilidade de um curso baseado em Educação à Distância entre os profissionais que atuam no Programa Saúde da Família - uma nova estratégia para prover Atenção Primária à Saúde para a população brasileira. Foram enviados 255 questionários aos potenciais sujeitos, com uma taxa de resposta de 81,9%. Os achados mostraram que, em geral, os respondentes têm percepções e atitudes positivas em relação à EAD e estão motivados em participar num curso baseado nessa estratégia. Propõe-se uma lista de recomendações para ajudar os planejadores do curso.

Análise de programas e ações em assistência farmacêutica para a disponibilidade de medicamentos essenciais no programa saúde da família

A estratégia do Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF) vem sendo utilizada, no Brasil, na consolidação da atenção primária à saúde. Segundo a OMS, um dos elementos fundamentais no fortalecimento da atenção básica é o acesso a medicamentos essenciais. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho consiste em uma análise da disponibilidade de medicamentos essenciais junto às equipes do PSF. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho foi utilizada a base de dados da “Avaliação Normativa do PSF”, realizada pelo Ministério da Saúde nos anos de 2001 e 2002. Também foram analisados os elencos pactuados pelas Unidades da Federação para o Incentivo à Assistência Farmacêutica Básica, o Kit do PSF, a Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais e o Elenco Mínimo e Obrigatório, no contexto da Política Nacional de Medicamentos (PNM). Assim, os dados disponíveis permitiram analisar, a partir da presença de 13 medicamentos essenciais nas equipes do PSF, o desempenho das mesmas quanto à disponibilidade dos medicamentos estudados, resultando em categorias de desempenho no país e nas respectivas regiões geográficas. As categorias estabelecidas neste estudo em relação à disponibilidade de medicamentos essenciais foram C e D para um pior desempenho e, A e B para um melhor desempenho. Desta forma, 3,8% das equipes do PSF foram classificadas na categoria D, 19,50% das equipes na categoria C, 47,6% categoria B e 29% das equipes na categoria A. Os resultados da análise dos elencos pactuados para o Incentivo à Assistência Farmacêutica Básica sugerem uma revisão ampla nestes elencos, que propiciem uma qualificação no atendimento às necessidades terapêuticas dos usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Finalmente, conclui-se que a qualidade dos elencos pactuados e a disponibilidade de medicamentos essenciais encontradas na avaliação das equipes do PSF, enquanto um dos indicadores da atenção básica, possibilita uma revisão nas competências estabelecidas para os gestores na PNM, na hierarquização do SUS e na organização da Assistência Farmacêutica Básica levando a uma necessidade de ações que garantam uma reorientação efetiva do modelo assistencial.

Assistência farmacêutica no Programa Saúde da Família em Belém - Pará : organização, desafios e estratégias de reestruturação

A assistência farmacêutica no Programa Saúde da Família (PSF) do Município de Belém, é descrita através das ações desenvolvidas nas Unidades de Saúde da Família, da identificação das maiores dificuldades e estratégias utilizadas para garantir o acesso e o uso correto dos medicamentos prescritos, e da percepção das diferentes visões dos profissionais e gestores sobre a assistência farmacêutica no PSF. Consiste em um estudo de caso desenvolvido na Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Belém, com entrevistas semi-estruturadas e aplicação de questionários aos profissionais envolvidos com o PSF, tanto na função gerencial como na executora das ações que envolvem o ciclo da assistência farmacêutica. Os dados obtidos foram agrupados em seis categorias de análise: a) concepção do Programa Saúde da Família em Belém, b) Política de Medicamentos com enfoque na fitoterapia, c) conceito e papel da assistência farmacêutica na integralidade e no aumento da cobertura das ações de saúde; d) dicotomia entre a resolução do atendimento e o abastecimento existente; e) formação de recursos humanos adequados a uma nova proposta de assistência farmacêutica - uso racional de medicamentos; f) limitações da Assistência farmacêutica no PSF. Os resultados indicam a percepção do ciclo da assistência farmacêutica reduzido ao seu processo final – prescrição e dispensação de medicamentos, com sobrecarga de trabalho para médicos e enfermeiros, e com recursos humanos não capacitados para desempenhar as atividades da assistência farmacêutica de forma adequada, demonstrando a necessidade de reorientação da assistência farmacêutica e do Programa Saúde da Família para atuar como estratégia de mudança no modelo de saúde vigente.

As práticas educativas na saúde da família: uma cartografia simbólica

This qualitative research aimed to understand the educational activities carried out in Family Health Units, of the municipality of Mossoró-RN. It was used symbolic cartography to organize and present data from reality. It started on the approach of Health Education and knowledge transformation practice, aiming at the development of autonomy and responsibility of individuals and healthcare, publicized by the appreciation of the interpersonal relations area established in services, such as educational emancipator practices contexts. Individual and collective interviews were realized, conducted with health professionals and users of ESF, about themes, activities, membership, the difficulties, the potential and the design of health education that permeate everyday Family Health Strategy. From what was apprehended, thematic maps were done with the analysis of educational practices of professionals belonging to the Family‟s Health. Links are built with the wires of conceptions of education reflected on themes and activities of family health teams. The storylines are rebinded by voices about the difficulties and the potential of educational processes for emancipator postures. For users, health education means proper care and information on disease prevention. Professionals understand that it is all information that is given to users, about health, social well-being, economic and general condition of human being as a way of preventing and treating disease. Mark printed on voices denote that activities and themes worked don‟t motivate users enough for their participation, being that physicians and dentists also get excluded themselves from educational practices. Elderly groups are those who get most involved with the activities. The size of the contained area and its seclusion from community make harder the access of users, as well as diminishing the quality of educational actions and links users-professionals. Therefore, the searching for medicines, medical consultations and wish to be well served are trademarks of voices from the users that interconnect with enlightening information and guidelines offered by professionals to users. It brings out practices that need to incorporate the social, the subjective and act with practices of prevention and health promotion, on the basis of lifestyles. The dialogical model, which needs to be approached since planning phase of health education actions could arouse interest of involved groups; promoting a relationship of dialogue and listening; discussing the local reality; stimulating practical methodological dialetics; promoting processes of deconstruction of concepts, values and attitudes, as more necessary than construction, using multiple languages. The defended thesis denotes paths to other studies aimed at understanding a dialogical template committed to exchanges of knowledge, and discover strategies that encourage formation of critical consciousness and the discovery of how is the training of new generations of healthcare professionals to belong to the project of society, in its technical, scientific, pedagogical, ethical, political and humanistic dimensions

Conhecimento dos adolescentes sobre métodos contraceptivos: pesquisa-ação em uma unidade do programa saúde da família de Natal

It is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, and an action-research type, which aimed to analyze the changes of knowledge about contraceptive methods invested to a teenager group attended in Igapó Family Healthcare Unit, in the city of Natal/RN, after consent and institutional assent of Ethics Committee of Rio Grande do Norte Federal University (Protocol No. 131/07). It were researched 16 teenagers of both sexes, with age ranging from 11 to 16 years. We used two structured questionnaires, one in the initial diagnosis and another during the seven meetings of the focus group, in addition to the field notes and the meetings discussions transcriptions. The data-collection was performed in the period of two months by a team composed by a nurse the research coordinator, a dentist, a nursing assistant, a community-based healthcare worker and a nursing academic. The quantitative and qualitative data were organized, tagged and categorized into spreadsheet in Microsoft Excel, being held a thematic analysis of speeches performed by the study participants. The results were presented as tables, graphics, photos, drawings and word clippings. The educational strategy developed in focus group allowed adolescents to discuss, exchange ideas and opinions on several contraceptive methods, providing expansion in knowledge of all contraceptives discussed, especially those natural and surgical, which were less mentioned at the beginning of the study. Among the advantages of the contraceptive methods listed by teenagers, was highlighted avoiding pregnancy and STDs in use of the barrier method of condom. As for the disadvantages more frequently noted by the survey with the misuse of barrier methods, was highlighted get pregnant, acquire STD's and do not prevent STD's in hormonal, natural and surgical methods. Adolescents showed consistency between the advantages and disadvantages and types of contraceptive methods, showing a widening in knowledge among them. It may be said that, in general, those surveyed had a good understanding about the use of the various contraceptive methods. Thus, the study participants had positively evaluated all the criteria used to qualify the meetings in the focus group. The action strategy of the focus group should be encouraged by professionals who work with teenagers, since they prefer to live in groups, one characteristic of adolescence.

O programa Saúde da Família pelo olhar do Cirurgião-Dentista

This study tried to know the social representation of dentists surgeons about the Family Health Program (FHP). Where used as methodological instruments a semi-structured interview and direct observation of work process in tive towns that are part of the metropolis region ofNatal city. During the interview some aspects where broached, such as the reasons of dentists surgeons join the FHP, what are the implications ofthe introduction of this program in the everyday practice, what kind of activities are they practicing and what are those professional missing the most in the FHP. In the direct observation where take in account some aspects related to the physic structure of health units, its service organization and demand, relationship amongst dentist and other member of the team, and about patient receptiveness, when they arrives at health unit. This study also identifY the researches subject showing their age, sex, for how they are graduates, what are them specialty and for how long they work for the FHP. The data had been analyzed through the analysis of content of Bardin5. The dentists depict the FHP for the change in assistance model through the preventive proposal of social work that makes possible to work with an ample concept of health. However what makes the FHP more attractive to dentists is the salary questiono The creation of bonds whit the community and the work whit groups and in team had been the main occurred changes in the daily one of the pratices ones of these professionals. The principal activities executed for these professionals inside of the new strategy of assistance in oral health are the carried trough preventive activities achieved in health units and social area. To them, the absence of institutional support and the employment of only one dentist for each team it is one the main point of strangling. There is no doubt that FHP is new strategy and that it is need a better integration amongst the professional, the institution

A incorporação da saúde bucal no programa saúde da família do Rio Grande do Norte: investigando a possibilidade de conversão do modelo assistencial

The Health Family Program (HFP) was founded in the 1990s with the objective of changing the health care model through a restructuring of primary care. Oral health was officially incorporated into HFP mainly through the efforts of dental professionals, and was seen as a way to break from oral health care models based on curative, technical biological and inequity methods. Despite the fast expansion of HFP oral health teams, it is essential to ask if changes are really occurring in the oral health model of municipalities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the incorporation of oral health teams into the Health Family Program by analyzing the factors that may interfere positively or negatively in the implementation of this strategy and consequently in the process of changing oral health care models in the National Health System in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. This evaluation involves three dimensions: access, work organization and strategies of planning. For this purpose,19 municipalities, geographically distributed according to Regional Public Health Units (RPHU), were randomly selected. The data collection instruments used were: structured interview of supervisors and dentists, structured observation, documental research and data from national health data banks. It was possible to identify critical points that may be impeding the implementation of oral health into HFP, such as, low incomes, no legal employment contract, difficulty in referring patients for high-complexity procedures, in developing intersectoral actions and program strategies such as epidemiologic diagnosis and evaluation of the new actions. The majority of municipalities showed little or no improvement in oral health care after incorporating the new model into HFP. All of them had failures in most of the aspects mentioned above. Furthermore, these municipalities are similar in other areas, such as low educational levels in children from 7 to 14 years of age, high child mortality rates and wide social inequalities. On the other hand, the five municipalities that had improved oral health, according to the categories analyzed, offered better living conditions to the population, with higher life expectancy, low infant mortality rates, per capita income among the highest in the state as well as high Human Development Index (HDI) means. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that public policies that include aspects beyond the health sector are decisive for a real change in health care models

Impacto do Programa de Saúde da Família sobre indicadores de saúde bucal na população de Natal -RN

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the Family Health Program (FHP) on a number of oral health indicators in the population of Natal, Brazil. The study is characterized as a quasi-random community intervention trial. The intervention is represented by the implementation of an Oral Health Team (OHT) in the FHP prior to the study. A total of 15 sectors covered by the FHP with OHT were randomly drawn and paired with another 15 sectors, based on socioeconomic criteria, not covered by the teams. A few sectors were lost over the course of the study, resulting in a final number of 22 sectors, 11 covered and 11 not covered. We divided the non-covered areas into two conditions, one in which we considered areas that had some type of assistance program such as the Community Agents Program (CAP), FHP without OHT, BHU (Basic Health Unit) or no assistance, and the other, in which we considered areas that had only BHU or no assistance. Community Health Agents (CHAs) and Dental Office Assistants (DOAs) applied a questionnaire-interview to the most qualified individual of the household and the data obtained per household were transformed into the individual data of 7186 persons. The results show no statistical difference between the oral health outcomes analyzed in the areas covered by OHT in the FHP and in non-covered areas that have some type of assistance program, with a number of indicators showing better conditions in the non-covered areas. When we considered the association between covered and non-covered areas under the second condition, we found a statistical difference in the coverage indicators. Better conditions were found in covered areas for indicators such as I have not been to the dentist in the last year with p < 0.001 and OR of 1.64 and I had no access to dental care with p < 0.001 and OR of 2.22. However, the results show no impact of FHP with OHT on preventive action indicators under both non-covered conditions. This can be clearly seen when we analyze the toothache variable, which showed no significant difference between covered and non-covered areas. This variable is one of the most sensitive when assessing oral health programs, with p of 0.430 under condition 1 and p of 0.038 under condition 2, with CI = 0.70-0.90. In the analysis of health indicators in children where the proportion of deaths in children under age 1, the rate of hospitalization for ARI (Acute Respiratory Infections) in those under age 5 and the proportion of individuals born underweight were considered, a better condition was found in all the outcomes for areas with FHP. Therefore, we can conclude that oral health in the FHP has little effect on oral health indicators, even though the strategy improves the general health conditions of the population, as, for example child health

O fazer do psicólogo no núcleo de apoio à saúde da família

The Brazilian Ministry of Health regulated in 2008 the Family Health Support Nucleus (FHSN) as a device for support and complementarity to the Family Health Strategy. The FHSN, through the matrix support, potentiates the Family Health teams on dealing with a great variety of demands and activities that are under their responsibilities. It is structured in teams of professionals from various health specialties, among which is the mental health. In preliminary studies we noticed that the psychologists have been the main representatives of mental health professionals at the FHSN from Rio Grande do Norte (RN-Brazil). On this scenario, this study intends to problematize the professional practice of the psychologists who work at the FHSN teams in RN, regarding how their work is done, discussing it under the perspective of collective health and the directions for the basic health care on Brazilian s health system. Still as a goal, in more specific ways: identify the forms of professional insertion of the psychologists in this field; characterize the work done by the psychologist at the FHSN (developed activities); and produce an analysis of the characteristics and limits of those actions, from theoretical and methodological references based on Marxian ontology. Were performed semistructured interviews with psychologists working in the oldest FHSN teams form RN. We conducted the analysis of the material following the blocks of information: determinants of the psychologist entry at the services, training for current practice; operation of FHSN; activities performed by FHSN team and the psychologist; joint actions; and limits of psychology practice in the FHSN. An important result, we observed the little articulation of practicing between the psychology and other professionals and teams, further indicating the prevalence of the traditional medical model (individual and outpatient) as guidance of their performance instead of the matrix logic that is the foundation of the proposed action for the FHSN. We also emphasize the potential of psychologists actions at the FHSN on contributing to the achievement of comprehensive care

Práticas educativas e integralidade na saúde da família: um estudo etnográfico

Primary Health Care, especially in the family health strategy, it is expected that the joint assistance and actions of health promotion. The Ministry of health (BRAZIL, 2007) defines health education as an eyeshadow strategy of prevention and health promotion, based on reflective practices, which allow the user to their condition of historical, social and political subject, under the vision of an expanded clinic on the part of health professionals. In this sense, there are guidelines for it professionals to develop educational activities and that they can interfere in the health/disease process of the population, with a view to the development of autonomy of the subject. This research had as objective to understand in the light of the integrality of the care, as is the production of health education practices, within the framework of the family health strategy from ethnographic study in a family health unit (USF). The location of the research was the unit of USF Felipe Camarão II in West Health District, in the city of Natal, RN, Brazil, selected from preliminary mapping of educational practices deployed in units of health of the family of this municipality, based on criteria such as time-to-deployment of USF and sustainability of existing actions. Immersion in the field consisted of participant observation with journaling, held during the period of August 2012 to January 2013, in which she accompanied team work processes in clinical-welfare actions on the USF, in households and in educational activities of group character. The results presented in ethnographic description were analyzed based on the axes proposed by Ayres (2009) for identification of integrality in health practices:the axis of the needs; the axis of the purposes; the joint axis; and the axis of the interactionsThe evidence described from observation point the presence of each axle up health education practices developed by the teams, even incipient form, namely: articulation and appreciation of knowledge and practices of popular culture with local initiatives (Pastoril do Peixe Boi Encantado, Auto de Natal e Grupo Terapia e Arte); Clinical integration with health promotion actions and coordination of multidisciplinary knowledge, with professional-user link (course for pregnant women). However, a few challenges were identified to be faced in order to move forward in these practices in integral care: the need to break with the fragmentation of actions; strengthening teamwork; need for greater sustainability policy of collective actions; intersectoral work aimed at a better role of the State in the face of the health-disease process, adding to the action of individuals.The analysis produced from observation of the processes experienced indicates the need for a better recognition of local managers that actions similar to those that occur in the USF Felipe Camarão II enable advances in completeness as allows inclusion of actors involved in the processes of health work, and stimulate participation and shared responsibility in the fight for health-disease situations