Transformaciones del espacio urbano a partir de las NTIC : "Rastreando firewalls en el AMBA en los comienzos del siglo XXI"

El trabajo tiene un carácter exploratorio y su objetivo es intentar captar algunas de las transformaciones operadas a partir del surgimiento las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (NTIC) en relación con el espacio urbano y por ende en las relaciones sociales. Las transformaciones del espacio urbano están en íntima relación con la transformación del capitalismo, la aparición de las NTIC y la radicalización de la modernidad que muchos autores llaman globalización. Por otro lado, las transformaciones que Manuel Castells, Jordi Borja y otros autores reconocen en el espacio urbano de fines del siglo XX y principios del siglo XXI, acompañan los cambios en la estructura productiva de occidente y el advenimiento de nuevas formas de aglomeración urbana que podrían resumirse en el concepto de "ciudad dual". De esta manera, la urbanización dual implica sectores de la ciudad altamente globalizados que no se diferencian en mucho a tramos de las ciudades centrales de los EEUU y otros sectores postergados y olvidados. A partir de las reestructuraciones económicas, políticas y sociales de la década del '90 en las ciudades latinoamericanas en general y en la Argentina en particular se asiste a profundas transformaciones del ámbito urbano en todas las dimensiones. Se trata de cambios en los patrones de asentamiento pero también en el imaginario simbólico de la ciudad. Este fenómeno se ve reforzado por la existencia de auténticas barreras de acceso, que son estructurantes y estructuradas por el espacio urbano, ligadas al consumo y a al uso comercial de las NTIC que daremos en llamar firewalls urbanos (articulación negativa o restrictiva del uso del espacio urbano relacionada con el espacio electrónico). Es así como internet y la telefonía celular entre otras tecnologías contribuyen a polarizar los mapas urbanos de las ciudades

"Contra el desamparo de los recién llegados". La escuela como espacio que habilita la subjetivación de niños y jóvenes

Este trabajo parte de analizar distintas escenas que expresan infancias que se mueven en un escenario social con marcas poco claras, colocando a niños y niñas en un desamparo simbólico, que implica un debilitamiento en el tejido de significados necesario para que las nuevas generaciones logren afiliarse al mundo. Esta problemática se inscribe en un contexto social y cultural que ha sufrido cambios muy acelerados en las últimas décadas, destacándose la cada vez mayor presencia del Mercado, que impone ciertos consumos culturales que moldean hábitos, representaciones y percepciones tanto en niños y niñas como en adultos. Esta situación es analizada como consecuencia de la dificultad de los adultos de ejercer su función, quedando entonces vulnerada la transmisión hacia las nuevas generaciones. La necesidad de repensar los procesos de transmisión aparece como una cuestión fundamental, siendo la "confianza como apuesta" y "la presencia", elementos centrales para lograr fortalecer el lazo entre generaciones. Finalmente el análisis recae en la escuela, que como parte de este mundo adulto, y también vulnerada en su función, debe repensar sus prácticas para potenciar ese espacio en el que niños y niñas se vinculan, se relacionan y se encuentran con otros, y donde se transmiten saberes que pueden ayudar en los procesos de afiliación de las nuevas generaciones

El enfoque biográfico en el análisis social : Claves para un estudio de los aspectos teórico-metodológicos de las trayectorias laborales

Este trabajo desarrolla los supuestos que se esconden tras los estudios biográficos, centrándose en los enfoques europeo y norteamericano. Intenta vislumbrar los distintos ámbitos de producción en donde surgieron los fundamentos epistemológicos, teóricos y metodológicos, los cuales enmarcan el análisis de las trayectorias: la centralidad del sujeto, la relación individuo-sociedad, la integración de perspectivas metodológicas y la importancia de la dimensión espacio-temporal. La relevancia de esta tarea radica en que el enfoque biográfico se constituye como telón de fondo en el estudio de las trayectorias laborales. En el primer apartado se indagan los orígenes del uso de biografías en la investigación social; en el segundo y el tercero, se examinan los supuestos centrales del enfoque biográfico y del curso de vida, al encontrar en ellos las raíces que encuadran y dan sentido al estudio de las trayectorias. Por último, se desarrollan los aportes y potencialidades de los estudios con trayectorias laborales a través del análisis de un corpus de investigaciones empíricas producidas en América Latina

Measuring the Diversity and the Integration of Film Production in Mercosur: A Social Network Analysis

Based on an original and comprehensive database of all feature fiction films produced in Mercosur between 2004 and 2012, the paper analyses whether the Mercosur film industry has evolved towards an integrated and culturally more diverse market. It provides a summary of policy opportunities in terms of integration and diversity, emphasizing the limiter role played by regional policies. It then shows that although the Mercosur film industry remains rather disintegrated, it tends to become more integrated and culturally more diverse. From a methodological point of view, the combination of Social Network Analysis and the Stirling Model opens up interesting research tracks to analyse creative industries in terms of their market integration and their cultural diversity.

Social economy, youth and employment

Organizations of the Social Economy in Spain accounted for 13% of employment and 12% of GDP in 2013, according to the Spanish Confederation fo Social Economy. Also, according to various institutions and studies, the role of Social Economy has become relevant due to they represent a model promoting the creation of collective business projects with greater sustainability and potential than models of individual self-employment. However, despite all this, there are few academic studies or sectoral reports analyzing employment in this sector, especially in the case of youth employment. This study aims to fill this gap in the literature analyzing the scared available data in order to show the numbers and characteristics of youth employment in this sector. Results show the weight of youth employment in the Social Economy is higher than the economy overall.

From labelling to social aid for immigrants in the 21st Century

Migration is as old as humanity, but since the 1990s migration flows in Western Europe have led to societies that are not just multicultural but so-called «super-diverse». As a result, Western towns now have very complex social structures, with amongst others large amounts of small immigrant communities that are in constant change. In this paper we argue that for social workers to be able to offer adequate professional help to non-native residents in town, they will need balanced view of ‘culture’ and of the role culture plays in social aid. Culture is never static, but is continually changing. By teaching social workers about how to look at cultural backgrounds of immigrant groups and about the limitations of then role that culture plays in communication, they will be better equipped to provide adequate aid and will contribute to making various groups grow towards each other and to avoid people thinking in terms of ‘out-group-homogeneity’. Nowadays, inclusion is a priority in social work that almost every social worker supports. Social workers should have an open attitude to allow them to approach every individual as a unique person. They will see the other person as the person they are, and not as a part of a specific cultural group. Knowledge about the others makes them see the cultural heterogeneity in every group. The social sector, though, must be aware not to fall into the trap of the ‘inclusion mania’! This will cause the social deprivation of a particular group to be forgotten. An inclusive policy requires an inclusive society. Otherwise, this could result in even more deprivation of other groups, already discriminated against. Emancipation of deprived people demands a certain target-group policymaking. Categorized aid will raise efficiency of working with immigrants and of acknowledging the cultural identity of the non-natives group. It will also create the possibility to work on fighting social deprivation, in which most immigrants can be found.

Community social innovation: a view of experiences of housing occupation from the Social Work perspective

This work aims to reflect on the concept of social innovation, questioning its explanatory capacity for the discipline of social work. For this purpose, certain on-going debates with regard to this concept are examined and certain minimum dimensions are offered to enable an analysis of the social innovation strategies that certain affected groups implement to meet social needs. The approach is to construct «glasses» that permit an analytical engagement with new realities and with the strategies used by certain social groups to resolve situations of severe vulnerability. Finally, a case study is presented: a strategic group known as the Corrala Utopía that seeks to respond to severe housing problems and is developing in the city of Seville. The article highlights the elements of community social innovation emerging from the experience studied.

Ecuadorian migration and family strategies of social mobility: dialectic relation between emotional and financial capital

This text deals with transnational strategies of social mobility in Ecuadorian migrant households in Spain. We apply the capital accumulation model (Moser, 2009) for this purpose. The main target of this article is, beyond thinking in terms of capital stock and accumulation, the analysis in depth of the dynamics of the different types of capital, that is to say, how they interact with each other in the framework of the social mobility strategies of the migrants and their families. We are bringing into light the way some households adopt investing decisions in capitals that don't translate into any addition or earnings in all cases, on the contrary, concentrating all their efforts on the accumulation of a certain asset they may, in some cases, lead to a loss of another. We will concentrate our analysis primarily on the dynamics between the physical and financial capital and the social and emotional capital, showing the tensions produced between these two types of assets. At the same time, we will highlight how migrants negotiate their family strategies of social mobility in the transnational area. Our study is based in empirical material obtained from qualitative fieldwork (in-depth interviews) with families of migrants in the urban district of Turubamba Bajo -(south of Quito) and in Madrid. A series of households were selected where interviews were carried out in the country of origin as well as in the context of immigration, with different family members, analysing the transnational social and economic strategies of families of migrant members. Family members of migrants established in Spain were interviewed in Quito, as well as key informants in the district (school teachers, nursery members of the staff, etc.). The research was framed within the projects "Impact of migration on the development: gender and transnationalism", Ministry of Science and Innovation (SEJ2007/63179) (Laura Oso, dir. 2007-2010),"Gender, transnationalism and intergenerational strategies of social mobility", Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (FEM2011/26210) (Laura Oso, dir. 201-1-2015) and “Gender, Crossed Mobilities and Transnational Dynamics”, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (FEM2015-67164).