Vaginal prolapse, pelvic floor function, and related symptoms 16 years after sex reassignment surgery in transsexuals

To evaluate the prevalence of prolapse and related bladder, bowel, and sexual problems in transsexual patients (TS) after sex reassignment surgery.

Prevalence and impact of pain at the greater trochanter after open surgery for the treatment of femoro-acetabular impingement

Femoro-acetabular impingement can cause pain and degenerative changes of the hip joint. Traditionally, surgical dislocation of the hip joint has been performed for correction of pathologic abnormalities in the proximal part of the femur and the acetabulum. Failures of surgical treatment are often related to postoperative pain in the groin or in the area of the greater trochanter, associated with this surgical approach. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence and functional impact of pain at the greater trochanter after surgical dislocation of the hip.

A patient-level pooled analysis assessing the impact of the SYNTAX (synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with taxus and cardiac surgery) score on 1-year clinical outcomes in 6,508 patients enrolled in contemporary coronary stent trials

This study sought to assess the impact of the SYNTAX (Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) score (SXscore) on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Quality Control in the Healthcare Industry: An Analysis of Surgery Turnover Times

For virtually all hospitals, utilization rates are a critical managerial indicator of efficiency and are determined in part by turnover time. Turnover time is defined as the time elapsed between surgeries, during which the operating room is cleaned and preparedfor the next surgery. Lengthier turnover times result in lower utilization rates, thereby hindering hospitals’ ability to maximize the numbers of patients that can be attended to. In this thesis, we analyze operating room data from a two year period provided byEvangelical Community Hospital in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, to understand the variability of the turnover process. From the recorded data provided, we derive our best estimation of turnover time. Recognizing the importance of being able to properly modelturnover times in order to improve the accuracy of scheduling, we seek to fit distributions to the set of turnover times. We find that log-normal and log-logistic distributions are well-suited to turnover times, although further research must validate this finding. Wepropose that the choice of distribution depends on the hospital and, as a result, a hospital must choose whether to use the log-normal or the log-logistic distribution. Next, we use statistical tests to identify variables that may potentially influence turnover time. We find that there does not appear to be a correlation between surgerytime and turnover time across doctors. However, there are statistically significant differences between the mean turnover times across doctors. The final component of our research entails analyzing and explaining the benefits of introducing control charts as a quality control mechanism for monitoring turnover times in hospitals. Although widely instituted in other industries, control charts are notwidely adopted in healthcare environments, despite their potential benefits. A major component of our work is the development of control charts to monitor the stability of turnover times. These charts can be easily instituted in hospitals to reduce the variabilityof turnover times. Overall, our analysis uses operations research techniques to analyze turnover times and identify manners for improvement in lowering the mean turnover time and thevariability in turnover times. We provide valuable insight into a component of the surgery process that has received little attention, but can significantly affect utilization rates in hospitals. Most critically, an ability to more accurately predict turnover timesand a better understanding of the sources of variability can result in improved scheduling and heightened hospital staff and patient satisfaction. We hope that our findings can apply to many other hospital settings.

Appendiceal mucocele in an elderly patient: how much surgery?

Appendiceal mucoceles are rare cystic lesions with an incidence of 0.3-0.7% of all appendectomies. They are divided into four subgroups according to their histology. Even though the symptoms may vary - depending on the level of complication - from right lower quadrant pain, signs of intussusception, gastrointestinal bleeding to an acute abdomen with sepsis, most mucoceles are asymptomatic and found incidentally. We present the case of a 70-year-old patient with an incidentally found appendiceal mucocele. He was seen at the hospital for backache. The CT scan showed a vertebral fracture and a 7-cm appendiceal mass. A preoperative colonoscopy displayed several synchronous adenomas in the transverse and left colon with high-grade dysplasia. In order to lower the cancer risk of this patient, we performed a subtotal colectomy. The appendiceal mass showed no histopathological evidence of malignancy and no sign of perforation. The follow-up was therefore limited to 2 months. In this case, appendectomy would have been sufficient to treat the mucocele alone. The synchronous high-grade dysplastic adenomas were detected in the preoperative colonoscopy and determined the therapeutic approach. Generally, in the presence of positive lymph nodes, a right colectomy is the treatment of choice. In the histological presence of mucinous peritoneal carcinomatosis, cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is indicated. In conclusion, mucoceles of the appendix are detected with high sensitivity by CT scan. If there is no evidence of synchronous tumor preoperatively and no peritoneal spillage, invasion or positive sentinel lymph nodes during surgery, a mucocele is adequately treated by appendectomy.

Interest in a national research network in surgery in Switzerland

Networks are known to improve performance and create synergies. A research network can provide a significant advantage for all parties involved in research in surgery by systematically tracking the outcome of a huge number of patients over a long period of time. The aim of the present study was to investigate the experiences of surgeons with respect to research activities, to evaluate the opinions of surgeons with regard to the development of a national network for research in the field of surgery in Switzerland and to obtain data on how such a network should be designed.

Estimation of physiologic ability and surgical stress score does not predict immediate outcome after pancreatic surgery

The Estimation of Physiologic Ability and Surgical Stress score was designed to predict postoperative morbidity and mortality in general surgery. Our study aims to evaluate its use and accuracy in estimating postoperative outcome after elective pancreatic surgery.

A navigation system for open liver surgery: design, workflow and first clinical applications

The surgical treatment of liver tumours relies on precise localization of the lesions and detailed knowledge of the patient-specific vascular and biliary anatomy. Detailed three-dimensional (3D) anatomical information facilitates complete tumour removal while preserving a sufficient amount of functional liver tissue.

Obesity and GERD: pathophysiology and effect of bariatric surgery

Epidemiologic, endoscopic, and pathophysiologic studies document the relationship between obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Increased body mass index and accumulation of visceral fat are associated with a two- to threefold increased risk of developing reflux symptoms and esophageal lesions. Given this association, many studies were designed to evaluate the outcome of reflux symptoms following conventional and surgical treatment of obesity. Among bariatric procedures, gastric sleeve and banded gastroplasty were shown to have no effect or even worsen reflux symptoms in the postoperative setting. Gastric banding improves reflux symptoms and findings (endoscopic and pH-measured distal esophageal acid exposure) in many patients, but is associated with de novo reflux symptoms or lesions in a considerable proportion of patients. To date, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the most effective bariatric procedure that consistently leads to weight reduction and improvement of GERD symptoms in patients undergoing direct gastric bypass and among those converted from restrictive bariatric procedures to gastric bypass.

Combined bone and soft-tissue augmentation surgery in temporo-orbital contour reconstruction

Temporal hollowing due to temporal muscle atrophy after standard skull base surgery is common. Various techniques have been previously described to correct the disfiguring defect. Most often reconstruction is performed using freehand molded polymethylmethacrylate cement. This method and material are insufficient in terms of aesthetic results and implant characteristics. We herein propose reconstruction of such defects with a polyetheretherketone (PEEK)-based patient-specific implant (PSI) including soft-tissue augmentation to preserve normal facial topography. We describe a patient who presented with a large temporo-orbital hemangioma that had been repaired with polymethylmethacrylate 25 years earlier. Because of a toxic skin atrophy fistula, followed by infection and meningitis, this initial implant had to be removed. The large, disfiguring temporo-orbital defect was reconstructed with a PEEK-based PSI. The lateral orbital wall and the temporal muscle atrophy were augmented with computer-aided design and surface modeling techniques. The operative procedure to implant and adopt the reconstructed PEEK-based PSI was simple, and an excellent cosmetic outcome was achieved. The postoperative clinical course was uneventful over a 5-year follow-up period. Polyetheretherketone-based combined bony and soft contour remodeling is a feasible and effective method for cranioplasty including combined bone and soft-tissue reconstruction of temporo-orbital defects. Manual reconstruction of this cosmetically delicate area carries an exceptional risk of disfiguring results. Augmentation surgery in this anatomic location needs accurate PSIs to achieve satisfactory cosmetic results. The cosmetic outcome achieved in this case is superior compared with previously reported techniques.