Decadal hydroclimatic variability over western North America [abstract]

EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): Variability of precipitation over North America on ENSO and decadal time scales is examined from several decades of precipitation and snow course records.

The terrestrial record of interdecadal climate variability in western North America [abstract]

EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): Western North America is particularly rich in natural records of climate that have potential to reveal features of interdecadal climate variability.

Decadal climate variability over the North Pacific and North America: dynamics and predictability [abstract]

EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): The dynamics and predictability of decadal climate variability over the North Pacific and North America are investigated by analyzing various observational datasets and the output of a state-of-the-art coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model, which was integrated for 120 years.

Decadal variability over the North Pacific Ocean [abstract]

EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): In this study we use ocean and atmosphere datasets from observations and from an ocean general circulation model integration to examine decadal time scale variability that is centered in the Pacific basin. We know that decadal variability is likely to have a strong expression in the Pacific basin; for example, a marked "shift" of cool season climate in the mid-1970s introduced major changes in Pacific SST and atmospheric circulation, along with many other physical and biological properties.

Interdecadal shifting of the North Pacific jet stream - El Niño events [abstract]

EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): Researchers have shown a step-like increase in worldwide sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the mid-1970s. Wintertime (December through March) polar-front jet stream positions in the North Pacific will be presented for six moderate-to-very-strong El Niño events - three before the winter of 1975-76 (1965-66, 1968-69, 1972-73) and three after (1982-83, 1986-87, 1991-92).

Changes in mass balance of South Cascade Glacier, North Cascades, 1959 to 1994

EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): Annual, winter, and summer mass balance measurements at South Cascade Glacier in the North Cascade Mountains of Washington State constitute a continuous time series 36 years long, from 1959 to 1994. ... The long-term trends at South Cascade Glacier are decreased winter accumulation and increased summer ablation, neither of which is conducive to glacier growth, so the trend in the Pacific Northwest is clearly away from an ice-age type of climate at the current time. The data also demonstrate that a glaciologically significant long-term change in snow precipitation can occur rapidly, in as short an interval as 1 year, much more rapidly than changes in temperature.

Synoptic dendroclimatology: a process-based approach for linking tree-ring information to atmospheric circulation over the Pacific and western North America [abstract]

EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): Synoptic dendroclimatology uses dated tree rings to study and reconstruct climate from the viewpoint of the climate's weather components and their relationship to atmospheric circulation. This approach defines a connection between large-scale circulation and ring-width variation at local sites using correlation fields, composite maps, indexing, and other circulation-based methodologies.

Multiple-proxy lacustrine record of moisture transport over western North America from 24,000 to 12,000 YBP, Lake Estancia, New Mexico [abstract]

EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): Pluvial Lake Estancia in central New Mexico experienced large and rapid fluctuations in surface area and elevation during the build-up to and termination of the last glacial maximum (LGM). Due to continuous groundwater discharge, a minimum pool covering about 400 square kilometers was maintained in the central basin until about 12,000 years ago, ensuring a continuous depositional sequence even during low stands of the lake. ... The sensitive response to fluctuations in climate by several independent proxies at Estancia show that transport of Pacific moisture over western North America changed dramatically during the last Ice Age, perhaps comparable to the large and rapid changes in climate documented from high-latitude ice and North Atlantic marine sediments for the LCM and its transitions.

The age and growth of catfish Rita rita (Ham.) from the River Yamuna in north India

The age of 224 fishes was determined by counting the translucent zone on the opercular bones and otoliths. Back calculated annual growth of the fish revealed that the absolute growth of the female was better than that of the male upto the third year. From the fourth year onwards the growth of the male exceeded the growth of the female.

Length-weight relationship Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus, 1758) along north west coast of India

Total length and total weight relationship of Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus, 1758) a carangid fish, along north west coast of India has been worked out. The fish is an ideal one, growing by weight a cube of its length, isometrically, retaining its specific body shape throughout its life. The relationship is w = 0.00906279 L super(2.9024152) total weight of fish in g and "L" represents total length in cm.

Humic acids in sediments of North-Central Arabian Sea, west coast of India

Sediment samples (28) collected during the ORV Sagar Kanya cruise-29, were analysed for humic acid (HA) concentration from the North-Central Arabian Sea. Generally oceanic samples had more HA concentration than the continental shelf (< 200 m depth) samples. The photo-acoustic infrared spectra of shelf sediment HA indicated the presence of more C-H saturated aliphatic chains, while oceanic HA had few peaks for the above groups. Both the IR spectra indicated the absence of aromatic C = C, carbonyl, ketonic groups. Clayey-silt sediment generally had higher concentration of HA compared to sandy-silt type of sediment.

Population dynamics and stock assessment of Koth (Otolithoides biauritus Cantor, 1850) along the north-west coast of India

MSY, growth, selection and mortality parameters of Otolithoides biauritus have been worked out from data collected by MFV Saraswati of CIFE, and length frequency data from Ferry Wharf, Sasson dock, and Versova fish landing centres of Bombay. Values of L infinity, K, and t omicron obtained from length frequency study are 1572 mm, 0.2633/yr and 0.0289 yr respectively, and of weight growth parameters are W infinity = 10067 g, K = 0.03904/yr and t omicron = 0.0137 yr. Selection parameters are L + 150 mm, t sub(r) + 0.4167 yr lc + 240 mm and t omicron = 0.6367 yr. Selection factor (K) for codent worked out to be 12. Based on Z = 0.6486, the MSY of O. biauritus off northwest coast of India is assessed as 1,802 tons which is slightly higher than the current catch level of 1,634 tons.

Seasonal and spatial distribution of Chlorophyll a in the north Arabian Sea bordering Pakistan

The average integrated chlorophyll a values for a 30-m deep surface layer in the north Arabian Sea bordering Pakistan ranged from negligible amounts to as high as 0.53μg chl. a 1ˉ¹(15.9mg mˉ²) during the period January 20, 1977 to June 4, 1977. The values, in general, decreased offshore except for the westernmost part of the Makran shelf, where unexpectedly high values were recorded over deep water. Seasonal distribution showed very high values in January (northeast monsoon season) which, with a few exceptions, gradually decreased to very low values in May, and then increased in June. The January peak may be related to winter cooling of surface waters resulting in convection and the June peak to the onset of southwest monsoon season in May. Coastal water shallower than 30m showed no seasonality and were often sites of intense phytoplankton blooms.