988 resultados para ECUATORIANOS - COLOMBIA - 2008-2010
Resumo:
This work of qualitative approach, has as its study object the school curriculum, resulting from the implementation of public policies for inclusion in the Brazilian educational field and of the teaching organization in State School Despertar. While we acknowledge advances in government discussions and proposals related to school inclusion in our country, it is still important to develop studies and interventions in the context of basic education focused on the curriculum. With methodological basis in collaborative-critical action research and contribution by Barbier, the survey was conducted in 2013, in a state school in the Natal - Rio Grande do Norte - school system, and aimed to analyze the curriculum of the State School Despertar, in particular issues related to the inclusion of students with disabilities in common teaching classes expressed in the school and in collective situations of continuing education with teachers and interpreter of Brazilian Sign Language (Libras). The school was previously chosen because it had already been locus of research in a study conducted by a professor at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte promoting the knowledge of their formative needs. The study subjects were 26 teachers in the early years and the end of elementary school and a Libras interpreter. The instruments were direct observation, semi-structured interviews, document analysis and a proposal for continuing education called Collaborative Group on School Inclusion (GCEI), established with the participating subjects and the other research collaborators. The analyzed data showed eight dialogues built with the State School Despertar, being basic the contributions of Goffman (1988) on stigma and of Forquin (1993) on school culture. As a theoretical framework, there were important contributions on School Curriculum (SACRISTÁN, 2000; 2007; APPLE, 2006; 2008), School Inclusion (BUENO, 2008), Continuing Education (NÓVOA, 2002; GATTI, 2003) and the existing studies on the dialogues between Curriculum and Special Education (MAGALHÃES, 2002; SILVA, 2008; 2010; OLIVEIRA, 2004; VIEIRA, 2012). The study highlighted the importance of extending the dialogue, the theoretical deepening of GCEI for the understanding of school curriculum and the specifics of any students, with or without disability. It will be necessary to revisit the school teaching practices that do not correspond to the students, for instance the formation of classes made in classrooms. It is also important to consider the organization of the school day and its interface with the pedagogical functions of each member of the school in building curriculum practices consistent with the diversity of modes and learning styles. Subliminal aspects of the curriculum should be reviewed, given its implications in the context of the classroom and management. However, significant changes identified in the practices of some teachers, such as the use of audio description, stimulus to the participation of students with disabilities and use of images, favored the development of other students, who benefit of more exciting and participatory classes. Based on the conducted research, we conclude on the importance of collectively discuss the conditions for / in schooling of different students and the (re)thinking of curriculum practices in the school as a whole, and therein lies a paradox because, on the one hand, it is not about minimizing the specific knowledge in dealing with the needs of students with disabilities, on the other, we are not interested in distancing these needs from those inherent in human nature, therefore peculiar to the other students. The questioning of our own practices is the challenge imposed, not to special education, or its target audience, but this is undoubtedly task of education.
Resumo:
This work of qualitative approach, has as its study object the school curriculum, resulting from the implementation of public policies for inclusion in the Brazilian educational field and of the teaching organization in State School Despertar. While we acknowledge advances in government discussions and proposals related to school inclusion in our country, it is still important to develop studies and interventions in the context of basic education focused on the curriculum. With methodological basis in collaborative-critical action research and contribution by Barbier, the survey was conducted in 2013, in a state school in the Natal - Rio Grande do Norte - school system, and aimed to analyze the curriculum of the State School Despertar, in particular issues related to the inclusion of students with disabilities in common teaching classes expressed in the school and in collective situations of continuing education with teachers and interpreter of Brazilian Sign Language (Libras). The school was previously chosen because it had already been locus of research in a study conducted by a professor at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte promoting the knowledge of their formative needs. The study subjects were 26 teachers in the early years and the end of elementary school and a Libras interpreter. The instruments were direct observation, semi-structured interviews, document analysis and a proposal for continuing education called Collaborative Group on School Inclusion (GCEI), established with the participating subjects and the other research collaborators. The analyzed data showed eight dialogues built with the State School Despertar, being basic the contributions of Goffman (1988) on stigma and of Forquin (1993) on school culture. As a theoretical framework, there were important contributions on School Curriculum (SACRISTÁN, 2000; 2007; APPLE, 2006; 2008), School Inclusion (BUENO, 2008), Continuing Education (NÓVOA, 2002; GATTI, 2003) and the existing studies on the dialogues between Curriculum and Special Education (MAGALHÃES, 2002; SILVA, 2008; 2010; OLIVEIRA, 2004; VIEIRA, 2012). The study highlighted the importance of extending the dialogue, the theoretical deepening of GCEI for the understanding of school curriculum and the specifics of any students, with or without disability. It will be necessary to revisit the school teaching practices that do not correspond to the students, for instance the formation of classes made in classrooms. It is also important to consider the organization of the school day and its interface with the pedagogical functions of each member of the school in building curriculum practices consistent with the diversity of modes and learning styles. Subliminal aspects of the curriculum should be reviewed, given its implications in the context of the classroom and management. However, significant changes identified in the practices of some teachers, such as the use of audio description, stimulus to the participation of students with disabilities and use of images, favored the development of other students, who benefit of more exciting and participatory classes. Based on the conducted research, we conclude on the importance of collectively discuss the conditions for / in schooling of different students and the (re)thinking of curriculum practices in the school as a whole, and therein lies a paradox because, on the one hand, it is not about minimizing the specific knowledge in dealing with the needs of students with disabilities, on the other, we are not interested in distancing these needs from those inherent in human nature, therefore peculiar to the other students. The questioning of our own practices is the challenge imposed, not to special education, or its target audience, but this is undoubtedly task of education.
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Teaching Portuguese language in Brazilian public schools is still limited mostly to studying decontextualized text fragments, memorizing classifications and cult of grammar rules. Considering the language as a social, cultural practice which emerges from the intersubjective interaction, we sought to propose an educational intervention that prioritizes the retextualization processes from speech to the writing of memoirs as a textual genre, so as to contribute for improving learner’s discursive performances. Therefore, paying attention to these concerns and in attempt to contribute for improving the teaching of Portuguese language in elementary school, we chose as privileged locus a 9th grade class from a state school in Bento Fernandes, RN. The corpus is formed by texts produced and retextualized by students from the elders’ oral reports within local community. We sought thus to understand what memory is, its importance for registering local spoken language and culture, as much as to carry out didactic actions that favor students’ learning in the activities of textual production. In light of the theoretical overviews about linguistic-discursive relations, based on Marcuschi’s (1993, 1997, 2001, 2002, 2006, 2008, 2010) conception of oralitiy-writing continuum and the debates proposed by Antunes (2003, 2014), Alves Filho (2011), Koch (2012) and Bakhtin (1992, 2011), we aimed to understand, by analyzing the retextualized memoirs, how these practices complement each other within the process of orality and writing. As for the proposal of didactic sequences, the study has been oriented by Dolz and Scheneuely (2004); as for the memoirs, by the guidelines of Coracine and Ghiraldelo (2011) and Le Goff (2010, 2013). In this way, this work followed the action-research methodology in a qualitative approach, considering the teacher (researcher) as an active agent involved in the process of knowledge production in his own educational practice, so as to interfere in the mediation, knowledge production and its dissemination in classroom context, which is the privileged locus for constructing and transforming process. There is much to be research within the area of retextualization. Yet we verified that this educational intervention, based on discursive operators of retextualization, has been proven viable as an efficient path so that we teachers can work the peculiarities of usages and functions of textual genres in oral and written modalities of a language, without grasping both as a dichotomy. This accredited us to strengthen a discourse that undoes many myths still present in that order, especially the one that causes more damage for the learners of Portuguese language – that writing is a representation of speech.
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This exhibition was a research presentation of works made at Center for Land Use Interpretation [CLUI]base in Wendover, Utah, USA between 2008-2010. The project was commissioned by the Centre For Land Interpretation in USA and funded by The Henry Moore Foundation in the UK. Documentation of research conducted in the field as made available as video and installation. An experimental discourse on the preservation of land art was put with GPS drawings and research information displayed as maps and documents. In examining physical sites in Utah, USA, the project connected to contemporary discourse centred on archives in relation to land art and land use. Using experimental processes conceived in relation to key concepts such as event structures and entropy, conceptual frameworks developed by Robert Smithson (USA) and John Latham (UK), the 'death drive' of the archive was examined in the context of a cultural impulse to preserve iconic works. The work took items from Lathams archive and placed them at the canonical 'Spiral Jetty', Smithson land art work at Rozel Point north of Salt Lake City. This became a focus for the project that also highlighted the role of the Getty Foundation in documenting major public artworks and CLUI in creating an American Land Museum. Work was created in the field at extreme remote locations using GPS technologies and visual tools were developed to articulate the concepts of the artists discussed, to engage the exhibition audience in ideas of transformation and entropy in art. Audiences were encouraged to sign a petition to be used in future preservation of spiral jetty currently facing development challenges.
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Programa de doctorado: Avances en Traumatología, Medicina del Deporte, Cuidado de heridas (Interdepartamental) (Bienio 2008/2010)
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Programa de doctorado: Formación del Profesorado (Bienio 2008-2010)
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En l’absence de mesure précise et unique de l’efficience pour les joueurs de hockey, la présente étude a pour objectifs d’évaluer l’efficience des joueurs dans la Ligue Nationale de Hockey (LNH) et de montrer comment celle-ci peut affecter la décision de racheter le contrat d’un joueur. Pour ce faire, les statistiques individuelles des joueurs de la LNH pour les saisons 2007-2008 à 2010-2011 sont utilisées. Pour estimer l’efficience, la méthode de l’enveloppement de données (DEA) avec bootstrap est utilisée. Les inputs incluent le salaire et le nombre de minutes de jeu, alors que les outputs incluent la contribution défensive et offensive de chaque joueur. Pour estimer l’association entre l’efficience individuelle et la probabilité d’un rachat de contrat, une régression logistique est utilisée. L’analyse des données montre que parmi 3 159 observations, l’efficience moyenne est de 0,635. L’efficience moyenne est similaire pour toutes les positions et toutes les saisons. Un lien positif et fort est trouvé entre le nombre de points au classement général d’une équipe et l’efficience moyenne des joueurs qui la compose (coefficient de corrélation=0,43, valeur-p<0,01). Les joueurs avec une efficience plus élevée ont une probabilité plus faible de voir leur contrat racheté (rapport des chances=0,01, valeur-p<0,01). La présente étude conclut donc que la plupart des joueurs de hockey dans la LNH ont un degré d’inefficience non négligeable, qu’une efficience plus élevée est associée à une meilleure performance au niveau de l’équipe et que les joueurs efficients ont une probabilité plus faible de voir leur contrat racheté.
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This analysis introduces results related to development of teaching experience from two professors of one Federal University who have taken part of one action of continued teacher training. We consider that the interplay among the individual, the language and the world cannot function straightly. It occurs through utterances, defined like real unit discursive communication, and genres of discourse (BAKHTIN, 1979/2011). Along the same line, the relation between the employee and his employment do not occur in a direct manner. This relationship takes place through genres of activity (CLOT, 2008/2010). As well as, a domain of speech genres has given possibility to individual an interaction with several discursive fields, a domain of activity genre allows the professional protruding in difficult situations traced in his employment. We know that the drafting for wield the teaching in the Tertiary Education is recommended by LDBEN (9394/96), which suggests that should be done in postgraduate program. In the mean time, what frequently happens an educational background based in a survey and not in the teaching. Thereby, several times we have observed difficulties in the accomplishment of teaching practice. Considering such aspects, this study seeks to comprehend the manner how the lecturers deal with the difficulties encountered in the classroom and how the years of experience have contributed or not for a domain of activity genre. In this regard, we have propped up in the development approach, introduced by Vigotsky, who asserts that the learning suitably organized results in development (VIGOTSKY, 1984/2007) and still explains the development of individual on the basis of relationship that it has with another, the social (VIGOTSKY, 1996b). For this purpose, were accomplished, by means of a snipped filmed lesson from each teacher, four sessions of self-confrontation (FAÏTA, 1996; CLOT, 2008/2010), two Simple and two Crusade, recorded in a visual format. This material was transcribed in accordance with standards from project NURC-SP (PRETI, 1999). For the analysis, we used three mains theories: of Linguistic, is mobilized the concept of speech genres (BAKHTIN) and all discursive topics (JUBRAN; FÁVERO); from Occupational Psychology, is utilized the activity genres (CLOT); from Psychology Historical-Cultural, is adopted the concept from Zone of Proximal Development and another/social in the development of individual (VIGOTSKY). In compliance with the study achieved, was possible to identify the aspects related to development of teaching experience of Tertiary Education. During the classes and reports of self-confrontation, we identify that both the professors, in the beginning of the career, they got more difficulties to deal with hindrances, and which now, with some years of experience, they get to domain better the difficult situations which they come across. They built up, for example, a greater facility in improvise examples in face of students’ difficulties in the comprehension of concepts. These aspects show that the professors have evolved the higher domain of genre, which allow them getting, in addition to turn the unexpected situation around that spring up in the professional context, as well know how to taking action in similar situation, which they have already run into in another moments. This domain enabled and enables the developing of the lecturers over the course of their professional performance.
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This study brings closer the problems of a selected group with a handicap – deaf people for whom the main mode of communication is the Polish Sign Language. The subject of studies is leisure time, how it is spent by them both everyday and during vacation. The book presents a survey of literature, good practice and also results of the author’s own studies conducted in the years 2004-2010, concerning problems of tourism and recreation of the deaf. In the years 2008-2010 studies were conducted within the research project financed by Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego (the Ministry of Science and Higher Education). One of the results of work on this project are multimedia programmes – tourist guides: SITur and SITex containing a translator of the Polish Sign Language.
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Tutkielmassa tarkastellaan suomalaisten nuorten työmarkkinasiirtymiä. Siirtymiä kuvataan tyypittelemällä nuorten toimintaa työmarkkinoilla. Tyypitellyssä verrataan töissä tai opiskelemassa olevia nuoria työttömänä tai työmarkkinoiden ulkopuolella oleviin nuoriin. Toimintaa työmarkkinoilla seurataan kolmessa ajankohdassa (2008, 2010 ja 2012), nuorten ollessa 21—25 -vuotiaita. Tyypittelyn pohjalta nuorille luodaan työmarkkinauratyyppejä, jotka kuvaavat erilaisia työmarkkinasiirtymiä. Kiinnostuksen kohteena on etenkin se, ovatko nuoret kiinni työmarkkinasiirtymiä tukevissa ja myöhempää työelämään kiinnittymistä edistävissä toiminnoissa vai eivät. Tutkielma linkittyy keskusteluun nuorten syrjäytymisestä, jota lähestytään usein juuri nuorten koulutus- ja työmarkkinatilanteiden kautta. Työmarkkinauria selittäviä tekijöitä tarkastellaan nuoren sukupuolen, koulutuksen, vanhempien koulutuksen, vanhempien saaman toimeentulotuen ja asuinpaikan mukaan. Asuinpaikan vaikutusta tarkastellaan lapsuudessa ja nuoressa aikuisuudessa. Tutkielma on otteeltaan kvantitatiivinen. Aineistona käytetään THL:n ylläpitämää Kansallinen syntymäkohortti 1987 -aineistoa, jossa on seurattu samoja nuoria sikiöajalta nykypäivään eri viranomaisrekistereiden kautta. Tutkielma pohjautuu kokonaisaineistoon (N=57 641). Menetelminä käytetään ristiintaulukointia ja multinomiaalista logistista regressiota. Tulosten perusteella työmarkkinasiirtymät näyttäytyivät sujuvina suurimmalle osalle nuorista. Tutkielmassa 81,5 prosenttia nuorista sijoittui työmarkkinauratyypeille, joille oli leimallista työssäkäynti tai opiskelu kaikkina tutkimusvuosina. Tutkielmassa erotettiin myös joukko nuoria, joille työmarkkinasiirtymät koostuivat pääosin työttömyydestä tai työmarkkinoiden ulkopuolella olemisesta. Näitä nuoria oli 6,1 prosenttia kohortista. Koulutusaste vaikutti työmarkkinasiirtymiin selvästi eniten ja vaikeuksia työmarkkinasiirtymissä kohtasivat eniten nuoret, jotka olivat perusasteen tutkinnon varassa vielä 21-vuotiaana. Vanhemman matala koulutus ja vanhemman saama toimeentulotuki olivat myös yhteydessä työmarkkinasiirtymiin liittyviin katkoksiin. Asuinpaikka vaikutti uratyypeille sijoittumiseen siten, että kaupunkimaisilla alueilla asuvat nuoret olivat todennäköisemmin koko ajan opiskelemassa tai töissä kuin muilla alueilla asuvat nuoret. Asuinpaikka lapsuudessa ei vaikuttanut työmarkkinasiirtymiin. Tulosten perusteella nuorten työmarkkinasiirtymiä tukevat järjestelmät näyttäytyvät Suomessa pääosin toimivina, mutta niitä tulisi kehittää nuorten erilaiset tilanteet ja tuen tarve huomioiden.
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The objective of this text is to discuss a central question in a doctorate study, in progress, about the learning of the speech genre in self-confrontation situations. This consists of a procedure, which a worker observes your own images, video recorded at the time it performs activities related to their craft; It requests that he comment on what he was doing on the images in order to clarify matters for himself and another - be it a intervenant (simple self-confrontation) or a coworker (crossed self-confrotation). (CLOT, 2008/2010). In the context of this research, the confronted workers are university teachers and students who participate in an action of teacher continuing education. The object of the research is the process of speech genre of learning self-confrontation situation, having as subject a person who conducts self-confrontations training, which initially observed the conduct of dialogues and reflections, and will gradually participating in the self-confrontation activity and becoming also forming another. The theoretical foundations of the research seeks an articulation between sciences such as the Psychology of Labor, the Cultural-historical Psychology and Linguistics. The concepts that are employed come from Clot´s theory of the Psychology of Labor, that is, from the Clinic of Activity and from the activity genre studies (CLOT, 2008/2010); they also come from the Vygotskian theory of human development, with the concepts of thinking and speech (VIGOTSKI, 1934/1998); and from the Bakhtinian dialogic principle (BAKHTIN, 1979/2011). We believe that the formation of the person conducting self-confrontation occurs through learning a gender of speech and a genre of activity.
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International audience
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This paper pretends to show empirical evidence of the CAPM model of Sharpe-Lintner (1964) for Colombia from 2003 to 2010, whose validation is carried out using the method of Black, Jensen and Scholes (1972) but introducing certain methodological econometric type changes associated to the requirements imposed by the used sample -- Specifically, we found no empirical evidence to reject the CAPM for the Colombian economyin the period under analysis
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El presente estudio se desarrolló para la Federación de Cajas de Crédito y Bancos de los Trabajadores (FEDECRÉDITO). A pesar de contar con el apoyo financiero que le ofrecen los proveedores de fondos tanto nacionales como internacionales, FEDECRÉDITO tiene la limitante de no ofrecer a sus clientes ciertos servicios financieros que las demás instituciones si ofrecen, entre los cuales se encuentra el servicio de tarjeta de crédito. Para solventar dicha limitante se ha diseñado el presente Plan Estratégico de Mercadeo que contribuirá a través del lanzamiento de este nuevo servicio a incrementar los niveles de ingresos, a través de la penetración y posicionamiento en el mercado. El método de investigación utilizado fue el deductivo, el análisis y la síntesis, debido a que se obtuvieron conclusiones específicas derivadas de las opiniones generales que brindaron los micro y pequeños empresarios así como los empleados del sector público. Además se analizaron los resultados obtenidos de la investigación de campo y se logró comprender de una forma global el que hacer de la Federación. La recolección de los datos se llevó a cabo a través de fuentes de información primaria y secundaria en cuanto a las primeras se apoyaron en la técnica de investigación de la encuesta como instrumento para recolectar la opinión de las personas. Luego de la recolección de los datos se procedió el análisis de los resultados para determinar la aceptación que tendría el nuevo servicio de tarjeta de crédito en el mercado meta, así como también se determinó las principales fortalezas, entre las que se destacan su solidez financiera, excelencia en atención al cliente y más de 65 años de experiencia. Entre las oportunidades que se pueden aprovechar están, proceso de integración económica con los TLC, crecimiento de la economía y apertura de nuevas agencias. Las Debilidades que presenta la empresa son las siguientes; reducido límite de asunción de riesgos, bajo nivel de eficiencia operativa y limitante competitiva porque la ley no le permite la captación de depósitos en cuenta corriente. Las principales amenazas que enfrenta FEDECRÉDITO son las siguientes, mayores exigencias por cambios en la regulación financiera, incrementos en las tasas de interés y competencia creciente por la banca extranjera. Todo lo anterior se determinó a través del análisis FODA. Además se analizaron los principales factores del ambiente externo que influyen ya sea positiva o negativamente a la empresa, mediante este análisis se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados, que la empresa posee 11 factores positivos que le favorecen y 7 factores negativos que le afectan en su accionar. Una de las concluciones más importantes es el rechazo por parte de los micro y pequeños empresarios al sistema de tarjetas de crédito por lo que recomendamos se eduque a este sector mediante personal capacitado que les brinde toda la información necesaria. Por otra parte los empleados públicos manifestaron que están dispuestos a adquirir la tarjeta si les brinda mayores beneficios que la competencia por lo tanto recomendamos a FEDECREDITO analizar a la competencia para implementar estrategias que atraigan al mayor número de clientes. La Federación en la actualidad cuenta con una misión, visión y declaración de valores definida sin embargo; como grupo consideramos que hacía falta incluir ciertos elementos a dicha filosofía empresarial por lo cual la redefinimos y presentamos nuestra propuesta. A través del diagnóstico obtenido de la Federación de Cajas de Crédito y Bancos de los Trabajadores así como también del estudio de campo realizado con el mercado meta se diseñó un Plan Estratégico de Mercadeo en el que además de proponer la nueva filosofía empresarial se define la estrategia corporativa a seguir que consiste en desarrollo de productos para mercados actuales que ya atiende la empresa con otros servicios financieros. Por otra parte se identificaron los objetivos de comercialización más adecuados para el lanzamiento del nuevo servicio los cuales mencionamos, penetrar al mercado meta de los micro y pequeños empresarios y empleados del sector público en el periodo de 2008, mediante la campaña publicitaria que se implementará, y tarjetizar a los clientes actuales en un periodo de tres años y posteriormente a los potenciales. También se diseñaron estrategias de mercadeo en las cuales se establecieron las estrategias de posicionamiento y ventaja diferencial y la estrategia de mercado meta que lo considera en dos segmentos (micro y pequeños empresarios y empleados del sector público), las cuales representan las estrategias a largo plazo, una mezcla estratégica de mercadeo, un cronograma de los planes de acción tanto estratégico como táctico los cuales incluyen los objetivos y estrategias a largo plazo, el responsable de realizarlas y el periodo de ejecución. Seguido de los presupuestos de ventas, promoción, gastos administrativos y de efectivo en los cuales se establecen los gastos en los que la Federación debe incurrir para brindar el nuevo servicio que ascienden a $ 4, 523,760 en el periodo de 2008-2010, así como también los ingresos que percibirá por este que asciende a $ 8,198,392. Y el margen de ganancia que será de $ 3, 674, 632, todas estas cifras determinadas a través de un método de pronóstico no cuantitativo debido a que el servicio es nuevo para la empresa. Por último se presenta un plan de implementación, así como los controles necesarios para verificar si el plan está dando los resultados deseados.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, 2016.