Caracterização de adubos orgânicos por espectroscopia de ressonância paramagnética eletrônica

O aumento do interesse na produção dos alimentos denominados orgânicos fez crescer a demanda por insumos com características adequadas para atender a esse sistema de produção. Contudo, a qualidade dos denominados adubos orgânicos disponíveis para comercialização é, em alguns casos, questionável devido à falta de uma metodologia de análise que avalie o produto. Neste trabalho é apresentada uma proposta de metodologia baseada na avaliação do grau de humificação inferido por meio da quantificação dos radicais livres orgânicos (RLO), presentes na matéria orgânica, e que podem ser detectados por meio da espectroscopia de ressonância paramagnética eletrônica (RPE). Foram utilizadas nove amostras de adubos orgânicos de diferentes procedências e, como possíveis fontes de adulteração, dois solos e carvão vegetal. Os resultados mostraram significativa variação na concentração de RLO entre os diferentes adubos orgânicos analisados (de 0,10 × 10(18) spins g-1 a 1,84 × 10(18) spins g-1). A análise de componentes principais (PCA) confirmou a significância estatística entre as amostras com relação a esse parâmetro, podendo este ser utilizado para diferenciar os adubos orgânicos. Possíveis adulterações, provindas da adição de solos e carvão vegetal, foram detectadas pela observação de alterações nos espectros de RPE, como concentração de spins, largura de linha do sinal, fator g, forma de linha e surgimento de novos sinais. O limite de detecção de impurezas variou em torno de 5 e 10 %, dependendo do tipo de impureza adicionada e do parâmetro espectral analisado.

Iowa Uniform Crime Report, 2009

The National Uniform Crime Reporting System began with 400 cities representing 20 million inhabitants in 43 states on January 1st, 1930. Since the establishment of the Uniform Crime Reporting Program, the volume, diversity, and complexity of crime steadily increased while the UCR program remained virtually unchanged. Recognizing the increasing need for more in-depth statistical information and the need to improve the methodology used for compiling, analyzing, auditing, and publishing the collected data, an extensive study of the Uniform Crime reports was undertaken. The objective of this study was to meet law enforcement needs into the 21st century. The result of the study was NIBRS (National Incident Based Reporting System). Adoption of the NIBRS system took place in the mid 1980’s and Iowa began organizational efforts to implement the system. Conversion to IBR (Incident Based Iowa Uniform Crime Reporting) was completed January 1, 1991, as part of a national effort to implement incident based crime reporting, coordinated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Bureau of Justice Statistics of the U.S. Department of Justice. Iowa was the fifth state in the nation to be accepted as a certified “reporting state” of incident based crime data to the national system.

Audit report on Story County, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on Story County, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2010

Relação entre o conhecimento local, atributos químicos e físicos do solo e uso das terras

O conhecimento dos agricultores sobre o uso das terras pode auxiliar no levantamento de solos. Este trabalho foi realizado na Fazenda Americana, Norte do Estado de Minas Gerais, com o objetivo de relacionar o conhecimento local do ambiente com os atributos químicos e físicos do solo e com o Sistema de Capacidade de Uso das Terras para fins de reforma agrária. Por meio do conhecimento local, foram identificados sete ambientes: baixada, vereda, chapada, tabuleiro, carrasco, tabuleiro misto e espigão. O conhecimento local sobre o uso das terras mostrou estreita relação com o Sistema de Capacidade de Uso, constituindo uma ferramenta para o parcelamento das terras para fins de reforma agrária.

Iowa Department of Justice, Attorney General's Office Crime Victim Assistance Division, 2007

The mission of the Crime Victim Assistance Division and the Crime Victim Assistance Board is to advocate for the rights and the needs of crime victims and ensure that all crime victims and survivors will be treated with respect and dignity.

Iowa Department of Justice, Attorney General's Office Crime Victim Assistance Division, 2006

The mission of the Crime Victim Assistance Division and the Crime Victim Assistance Board is to advocate for the rights and the needs of crime victims and ensure that all crime victims and survivors will be treated with respect and dignity.

Iowa Department of Justice, Attorney General's Office Crime Victim Assistance Division, 2005

The mission of the Crime Victim Assistance Division and the Crime Victim Assistance Board is to advocate for the rights and the needs of crime victims and ensure that all crime victims and survivors will be treated with respect and dignity.

Identifying the socioeconomic determinants of crime in Spanish provinces

In this paper we study, having as theoretical reference the economic model of crime (Becker, 1968; Ehrlich, 1973), which are the socioeconomic and demographic determinants of crime in Spain paying attention on the role of provincial peculiarities. We estimate a crime equation using a panel dataset of Spanish provinces (NUTS3) for the period 1993 to 1999 employing the GMMsystem estimator. Empirical results suggest that lagged crime rate and clear-up rate are correlated to all typologies of crime rate considered. Property crimes are better explained by socioeconomic variables (GDP per capita, GDP growth rate and percentage of population with high school and university degree), while demographic factors reveal important and significant influences, in particular for crimes against the person. These results are obtained using an instrumental variable approach that takes advantage of the dynamic properties of our dataset to control for both measurement errors in crime data and joint endogeneity of the explanatory variables

Soil-applied silicon decreases severity of wheat spot blotch on silicon-deficient soils

Spot bloth caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is an important wheat desease mainly in hot and humid regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of wheat to different sources and modes of Si application, as related to the severity of wheat spot blotch and plant growth, in two Si-deficient Latosols (Oxisols). An greenhouse experiment was arranged in a 2 x 5 factorial completely randomized design, with eight replications. The treatments consisted of two soils (Yellow Latosol and Red Latosol) and five Si supply modes (no Si application; Si applied as calcium silicate and monosilicic acid to the soil; and Si applied as potassium silicate or monosilicic acid to wheat leaves). No significant differences were observed between the two soils. When Si was applied to the soil, regardless the Si source, the disease incubation period, the shoot dry matter yield and the Si content in leaves were greater. Additionally, the final spot blotch severity was lower and the area under the spot blotch disease progress curve and the leaf insertion angle in the plant were smaller. Results of Si foliar application were similar to those observed in the control plants.

Game story, une histoire des jeux vidéo

Compte rendu de l'exposition « Game Story. Une histoire du jeu vidéo » qui s'est tenue au Grand Palais à Paris du 10 novembre 2011 au 9 janvier 2012, envisagée à partir du champ de l'histoire et de la théorie du cinéma en termes de discours historique sur un « nouveau média » ainsi que dans une optique intermédiale.

Identifying the socioeconomic determinants of crime in Spanish provinces

In this paper we study, having as theoretical reference the economic model of crime (Becker, 1968; Ehrlich, 1973), which are the socioeconomic and demographic determinants of crime in Spain paying attention on the role of provincial peculiarities. We estimate a crime equation using a panel dataset of Spanish provinces (NUTS3) for the period 1993 to 1999 employing the GMMsystem estimator. Empirical results suggest that lagged crime rate and clear-up rate are correlated to all typologies of crime rate considered. Property crimes are better explained by socioeconomic variables (GDP per capita, GDP growth rate and percentage of population with high school and university degree), while demographic factors reveal important and significant influences, in particular for crimes against the person. These results are obtained using an instrumental variable approach that takes advantage of the dynamic properties of our dataset to control for both measurement errors in crime data and joint endogeneity of the explanatory variables

Fracionamento do alumínio por técnicas de dissoluções seletivas em espodossolos da planície costeira do Estado de São Paulo

Apesar das modernas e sofisticadas técnicas disponíveis, procedimentos de extração seletiva ainda são de considerável valor para a caracterização dos solos e para o entendimento dos processos pedogenéticos, sobretudo em ambientes e solos pouco estudados, como as restingas e os Espodossolos no Brasil. A aplicação dessas técnicas - a maioria rotineiramente utilizada para a caracterização de horizontes espódicos e Espodossolos - a um conjunto expressivo de horizontes e perfis em cronossequências é inédita para esses ambientes e possibilitou estabelecer comparações com aqueles intensivamente estudados sob clima temperado ou boreal. Apesar das reconhecidas limitações dos procedimentos analíticos de dissolução seletiva, os aqui utilizados foram relativamente efetivos, o que possiblitou discriminar horizontes, inferir componentes mineralógicos e discutir processos atuantes no conjunto de horizontes e de perfis analisados. Estes se situam nos municípios de Bertioga, Cananeia e Ilha Comprida (SP), onde foram descritos e amostrados 31 perfis representativos de solos sob vegetação de restinga. Entre os resultados encontrados, destacam-se: NaOH 0,5 mol L-1 em temperatura ambiente extraiu, em média, 22 a 30 % mais Al (Al n) que os reagentes ditionito-citrato (Al d), oxalato (Al o) e pirofosfato (Al p) para todo o conjunto de amostras. Em alguns horizontes espódicos bem drenados (Bs, Bhs, Bh e Bsm), o pH e as interações entre as diferentes técnicas (Al n-Al o, Al o-Al p, Al p/Al o e Al p/Al d) sugerem a formação e manutenção de compostos inorgânicos amorfos de Al em detrimento da total complexação do elemento à matéria orgânica iluviada. Esta última forma de Al predomina nos Espodossolos Hidromórficos.