Formal evolution and content in Asturian newspapers. From World War One to the Primo de Rivera Dictatorship

Between 1914 and 1923, and in general during the 1910s and 1920s, important changes occurred in the Asturian press that can be seen, for example, in the type of dailies which achieved certain readership levels. The form and number of pages evolved, images became more common, so-called citizen journalism was more freely practised, and there was a trend -when there was an opportunity- towards publishing articles which involved the author travelling to distant lands. Simultaneously, the consideration of sport as a show and the treatment given to other content both helped outline a new media scenario.

Leave it to the Amateurs: A Career Development Explanation of Political Inexperience among Members of the Canadian Parliament:MA Thesis

In many advanced democracies, political scientists have lamented the rise of professional politicians as a challenge to the effective representation of diverse electorates. In contrast, their relative absence from Canadian federal politics gives rise to concerns over high levels of political amateurism among Canadian MPs. This study, thus, seeks to account for the numerical weakness of individuals with an occupational background in politics in the Canadian Parliament. It utilizes both individual-level quantitative data on MPs serving between the 35th and 41st Parliaments, inclusive, as well as material from qualitative interviews with over seventy former MPs. Conceptualizing the field of politics as a career in itself, and drawing on career development theory, the study finds that at the key stages of establishing, maintaining, and disengaging from a federal political career, there are specific challenges that are not significantly ameliorated by the possession of professional experience in politics itself. Professional politicians, therefore, have no major advantage over those with non-political occupational backgrounds in their career development. Furthermore, by acknowledging the existence of different types of professional politician, it finds that those whose primary occupational background was in politics itself to be in a distinct minority, but the extent of political amateurism is challenged by a much larger minority of MPs whose primary occupation was non-political but who still possess some secondary or electoral experience prior to entering Parliament.

An Assessment of How Nurse Practitioners Create Access to Primary Care in Canadian Residential Long-Term Care Settings

The aim of this paper is to explore the role and activities of nurse practitioners (NPs) working in long-term care (LTC) to understand concepts of access to primary care for residents. Utilizing the "FIT" framework developed by Penchanksy and Thomas, we used a directed content analysis method to analyze data from a pan-Canadian study of NPs in LTC. Individual and focus group interviews were conducted at four sites in western, central and eastern regions of Canada with 143 participants, including NPs, RNs, regulated and unregulated nursing staff, allied health professionals, physicians, administrators and directors and residents and family members. Participants emphasized how the availability and accessibility of the NP had an impact on access to primary and urgent care for residents. Understanding more about how NPs affect access in Canadian LTC will be valuable for nursing practice and healthcare planning and policy and may assist other countries in planning for the introduction of NPs in LTC settings to increase access to primary care.

A Cultural Approach to a Canadian Tragedy: The Indian Residential Schools as a Sacred Enterprise

For over a century, the Canadian state funded a church-run system of residential schools designed to assimilate Aboriginal children into Euro-Canadian culture. In addition to the problems associated with its ethnocentric philosophy, the school system was also characterised by terrible health conditions and physical and sexual abuse of the students was widespread. Recently, the schools have been the object of the most successful struggle for redress in Canadian history. One particularly puzzling aspect about the school system is that it persisted for so long, despite that many of its failings were known very early in its operation. In this article, this puzzle is addressed via a cultural analysis of a political struggle over the residential schools that occurred within Canadian Anglicanism at the outset of the twentieth century. The article concludes that the meaning of the school system as a sacred enterprise contributed to its persistence.

Growth and yield of red raspberries cultivated under open field condition vs. high tunnel or rain shelter in the northern canadian climate

La culture sous abris avec des infrastructures de type grands tunnels est une nouvelle technologie permettant d’améliorer la production de framboises rouges sous des climats nordiques. L’objectif principal de ce projet de doctorat était d’étudier les performances de ces technologies (grands tunnels vs. abris parapluie de type Voen, en comparaison à la culture en plein champ) et leur effets sur le microclimat, la photosynthèse, la croissance des plantes et le rendement en fruits pour les deux types de framboisiers non-remontants et remontants (Rubus idaeus, L.). Puisque les pratiques culturales doivent être adaptées aux différents environnements de culture, la taille d’été (pour le cultivar non-remontant), l’optimisation de la densité des tiges (pour le cultivar remontant) et l’utilisation de bâches réfléchissantes (pour les deux types des framboisiers) ont été étudiées sous grands tunnels, abris Voen vs. en plein champ. Les plants cultivés sous grands tunnels produisent en moyenne 1,2 et 1,5 fois le rendement en fruits commercialisables que ceux cultivés sous abri Voen pour le cv. non-remontant ‘Jeanne d’Orléans’ et le cv. remontant ‘Polka’, respectivement. Comparativement aux framboisiers cultivés aux champs, le rendement en fruits des plants sous grands tunnels était plus du double pour le cv. ‘Jeanne d’Orléans’ et près du triple pour le cv. ‘Polka’. L’utilisation de bâches réfléchissantes a entrainé un gain significatif sur le rendement en fruits de 12% pour le cv. ‘Jeanne d’Orléans’ et de 17% pour le cv. ‘Polka’. La taille des premières ou deuxièmes pousses a significativement amélioré le rendement en fruits du cv. ‘Jeanne d’Orléans’ de 26% en moyenne par rapport aux framboisiers non taillés. Des augmentations significatives du rendement en fruits de 43% et 71% du cv. ‘Polka’ ont été mesurées avec l’accroissement de la densité à 4 et 6 tiges par pot respectivement, comparativement à deux tiges par pot. Au cours de la période de fructification du cv. ‘Jeanne d’Orléans’, les bâches réfléchissantes ont augmenté significativement la densité de flux photonique photosynthétique (DFPP) réfléchie à la canopée inférieure de 80% en plein champ et de 60% sous grands tunnels, comparativement à seulement 14% sous abri Voen. Durant la saison de fructification du cv. ‘Polka’, un effet positif de bâches sur la lumière réfléchie (jusqu’à 42%) a été mesuré seulement en plein champ. Dans tous les cas, les bâches réfléchissantes n’ont présenté aucun effet significatif sur la DFPP incidente foliaire totale et la photosynthèse. Pour le cv. ‘Jeanne d’Orléans’, la DFPP incidente sur la feuille a été atténuée d’environ 46% sous le deux types de revêtement par rapport au plein champ. Par conséquent, la photosynthèse a été réduite en moyenne de 43% sous grands tunnels et de 17% sous abris Voen. Des effets similaires ont été mesurés pour la DFPP incidente et la photosynthèse avec le cv. Polka. En dépit du taux de photosynthèse des feuilles individuelles systématiquement inférieur à ceux mesurés pour les plants cultivés aux champs, la photosynthèse de la plante entière sous grands tunnels était de 51% supérieure à celle observée au champ pour le cv. ‘Jeanne d’Orléans’, et 46% plus élevée pour le cv. ‘Polka’. Ces résultats s’expliquent par une plus grande (près du double) surface foliaire pour les plants cultivés sous tunnels, qui a compensé pour le plus faible taux de photosynthèse par unité de surface foliaire. Les températures supra-optimales des feuilles mesurées sous grands tunnels (6.6°C plus élevé en moyenne que dans le champ), ainsi que l’atténuation de la DFPP incidente (env. 43%) par les revêtements de tunnels ont contribué à réduire le taux de photosynthèse par unité de surface foliaire. La photosynthèse de la canopée entière était étroitement corrélée avec le rendement en fruits pour les deux types de framboisiers rouges cultivés sous grands tunnels ou en plein champ.

The Historic Maryland Newspapers Project

This poster addresses frequently asked questions regarding the Historic Maryland Newspapers Project, such as "What is the National Digital Newspaper Program?" and "How are titles selected for digitization?" It also provides information about the project's funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), newspaper titles digitized by the project to date, and the future of the project. This poster was presented at the UMD Libraries Research & Innovative Practice Forum, McKeldin Library, June 8, 2016.

English: its role as the language of comity in an employment programme for Canadian immigrants.

This study explores the experiences of a culturally and linguistically diverse group of immigrant adult students as they attended a 12-week employment preparation course for newcomers to Canada. The main aim of the course was to equip the immigrants with knowledge and skills, including English for employment purposes, which are necessary to be competitive in the labour market. Using ethnographic methods, mainly participant observation with audio recording, to collect data, this paper analyses the communicative strategies that this group of multilingual speakers and their Canadian teachers deployed to discursively construct a ‘heterotopia’ defined here as ‘intensely affective spaces that redefine the experiential feeling of being and becoming’. Analysis of transcribed audio recordings reveals that despite differences in communication conventions and sociocultural backgrounds, the research participants from Congo, Haiti, India, Bangladesh, Jordan and the Philippines managed to establish a socially cohesive team that emphasises shared relational identity and in-group membership. The findings show how they creatively mobilised previously acquired pragmatic strategies and resources from their L1 to suit the demands of the ongoing interaction in English. It is suggested that language teaching in the context of preparing immigrants for labour market integration entails a pedagogical approach that foregrounds the affordances of English not only as the language of employment but perhaps more importantly as the ‘language of comity’. It is therefore suggested that the teaching of the host country’s language should focus less on grammatical correctness and focus more on providing the adult learners with opportunities to activate existing pragmatic resources and strategies which have to do with establishing rapport and friendly relations.

Analyzing Stories from Canadian Academic Writing Instructors: A Collaborative Autoethnography

Writing instruction in Canadian universities takes a variety of forms. While there are few formal departments for writing studies, many institutions do have a writing centre – a place that offers writing instruction to varying degrees. The writing centre may be housed within a department, a library, or within a student services unit. Its position within a university may indicate the degree to which writing is valued by the administrative body. The goal of our paper is to share insights into the ways that writing professionals perceive, work in, and adapt to current demands for writing instruction in higher education. Using a collaborative ethnographic approach, three scholars at different career stages explore their experiences with writing centre work. Using data consisting of individually written reflections, our analysis revealed four major themes: (a) initial experience with writing centres, (b) community, (c) frustrations and tensions at work, and (d) mentorship. In this paper, we discuss our findings within the framework of positioning theory in order to understand how we position ourselves as scholars, mentors, and educators, and how we are positioned by others within the fields of writing studies and higher education. This study raises awareness about the value of writing centre professionals’ contributions, the place of mentorship within higher education, and the support required for continued writing centre work.

Increasing the Visibility of Digital Newspapers Using Wikipedia

Presentation from the MARAC conference in Baltimore, MD on October 16–18, 2014. S15 - Wikipedia: Getting Involved and Increasing Discoverability.

An Ecosystem Approach to Antimicrobial Stewardship: An Ecuadorian-Canadian Collaboration To Design, Implement and Evaluate a Community-Based Intervention

English

La cinématographie-attraction à Montréal à la lumière de la législation (1896-1913)

La cinématographie-attraction a longtemps été considérée comme les débuts du cinéma, jusqu’à ce qu’une controverse, en 1978, marque une rupture historiographique et la considère comme un objet d’études à part entière, distinct du cinéma institutionnel. Nous l’analysons ici dans le contexte de Montréal, entre la présentation du Cinématographe Lumière en 1896 et l’entrée en fonction du Bureau de censure des vues animées de la province du Québec en 1913. Plus précisément, nous interrogeons son institutionnalisation à la lumière de la législation ; les représentants du gouvernement canadien donnent un statut juridique aux vues animées en modifiant et en votant des textes légaux. Cette étude définit le contexte cinématographique, historique et géographique. Elle aborde ensuite trois domaines de la cinématographie-attraction qui ne sont pas les mêmes que ceux du cinéma : la fabrication (le financement, le tournage et la modification des œuvres cinématographiques), l’exhibition (les séances de projections payantes d’images animées) et la réception (les jugements portés sur les vues animées). Nous montrons comment la cinématographie-attraction est d’abord contrôlée par de nombreuses personnes (celles qui financent, celles qui tournent les vues animées, les propriétaires de lieux d’amusements, le policier ou le pompier présent au cours des projections), puis par des institutions reconnues et les représentants du gouvernement. En nous appuyant sur la presse montréalaise, les discours officiels, les discours diocésains, les textes légaux, les catalogues publiés par les compagnies de fabrication et sur les vues animées, nous montrons quels sont les enjeux de l’institutionnalisation pour les différents groupes sociaux.