804 resultados para Calidad Total - Normas técnicas


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Incluye Bibliografía

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Sustainable agriculture, reduced production costs and adding value to the system are achieved through the use of agricultural areas throughout the year, in integrated or mixed system. The study aimed to determine the technical coefficients to estimate and evaluate the operational cost and profitability indicators of the consortium of corn with two species of Brachiaria (B. brizantha, MG-5 and B. ruziziensis). The crops were submitted to N rates (0, 100, 200, 300 e 400kg ha-1year-1) at sidedressing, using urea, and winter common bean in succession, in crop-livestock integration under no-tillage, in irrigated conditions, in 2008/2009 agricultural year in Cerrado region (Selvíria - MS). The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications in a 2 x 5factorial. It was concluded thatcathe inputs were the components that most increased the producing cost of corn and common bean in the ILP study. The total operational cost has increased as a function of increasing doses of N. In all treatments the levels of profitability were positive indicating the viability of the system. The treatment that showed the best technical and economic performance was intercropped with corn and B. brizantha, fertilized with 100kg ha-1year-1N and common bean in succession.

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Planktonic rotifers and cyclopoid copepods were studied in two reservoirs of different trophic states (eutrophic and oligo/mesoeutrophic) in the south of Brazil. During a year, monthly samplings were carried out in three stations in each reservoir. Species richness, frequency and abundance were used to find out useful and indicatives trends of water quality based on these organisms, reinforced by literature data. Species that showed higher differences between reservoirs were chosen. For Rotifera, richness, frequency and abundance of Brachionus were higher in the eutrophic reservoir, but Plationus patulus occurred only in the oligo/mesotrophic reservoir. For copepods, Tropocyclops prasinus dominated in the eutrophic reservoir, but Thermocyclops decipiens, T. minutus, T. inversus and Microcyclops anceps were dominants in the oligo/mesotrophic reservoir. In the canonical correspondence analysis, these species were indicators of the trophic state and were related with chlorophyll-a, total phytoplankton and total phosphorus. The use of these species can be efficient in the studied regions (subtropical/temperate), but comparing with other Brazilian reservoirs of tropical climate, the results could be different. Despite the dominance of T. decipiens over T. minutus, T. inversus has been widely used in Brazil as an indicator of eutrophic waters; in those cases of excessive eutrophication, other species, more rustic, commonly dominate. In the present study, Thermocyclops was dominant in the oligo/mesotrophic reservoir. The dominance of Brachionus for rotifers and Tropocyclops prasinus and Acanthocyclops robustus for copepods were indicative of eutrophic conditions.

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Incluye Bibliografía

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA

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A finales del 2004, los Miembros de la Organización Mundial de Comercio (OMC) iniciaron formalmente negociaciones sobre la facilitación del comercio, sobre la base de las modalidades que figuran en el Anexo D del denominado "paquete de julio" del 2004. En el marco de ese mandato, se ha encomendado a los Miembros aclarar y mejorar tres artículos del el Acuerdo General sobre Aranceles Aduaneros y Comercio (GATT). En concreto, son el Artículo V sobre libertad de tránsito, el Artículo VIII sobre derechos y formalidades referentes a la importación y a la exportación, y el Artículo X sobre la publicación y la aplicación de los reglamentos comerciales. Para apoyar estas negociaciones, la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Comercio y el Desarrollo (UNCTAD) ha creado un Fondo Fiduciario. Gracias a este fondo, con aportes de los Gobiernos de Suecia y de España, se han podido desarrollar una serie de seminarios y reuniones, y también se han producido un total de 20 Notas técnicas sobre medidas específicas de facilitación del comercio. Se cubren sobre todo medidas de facilitación que son tópicos de propuestas específicas que se han hecho durante las negociaciones en la OMC. En esta edición del Boletín FAL se presentan resúmenes de varias de estas Notas técnicas, especialmente sobre temas relacionados a aduanas.