The head-body weight and head-body length relationship of Synodontis schall (Bloch and Schneider 1801) in Asa Lake, Ilorin, Nigeria

A total of 710 specimens of Synodontis schall were analyzed for the head body weight and head body length relationship. The head constituted 40% of the total body weight and 30% of the total body length. The mean head weight for male and female computed was 23.90g and 29.13g respectively. Head weight in both male and female was significantly different (P<0.01) while the head length for the combined sexes showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Fat accumulation in the body tissue was prominent in the females than males usually before the breeding season. The significance of the cephalo-nuchal shield in the bony head of Synodontis species compared with some other catfishes in the lake was also discussed

The relationship between some physicochemical parameters and plankton composition on fish production in ponds

The effect of physico-chemical parameters and plankton composition on fish production in ponds was investigated in six fish farms for eight weeks. The physicochemical parameters investigated were temperature=25-30 plus or minus C, transparency=0.45-0.57m, dissolved oxygen=3.0-10.9mg/l, pH=6.0-7.7, dissolved carbon dioxide=5.46-28.3mg/l, total alkalinity=44.37-80.0ppm, chemical oxygen demand=31.88-72.18mg/l and biological oxygen demand=0.66-48.34mg/l. Plankton composition varies and was made of four families of phytoplankton namely; Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Dinophyceae and Diatomida; and four families of zooplankton viz; Protozoa, Rotifera, Copepoda and Dinoflagellates. Farm 1 and 6 recorded the highest average weight of about 1.0kg and average total length of about 40.0cm for the two fish species. This study showed that fish yield was dependable on the quality and management of pond water characteristics

Relationship between the basic morphometric measurements and growth pattern of Heterotis niloticus from River Kaduna floodplain

A total of 61 specimens of Heterotis niloticus were evaluated by linear regression and correlation. The specimens had mean standard length of 27.09 plus or minus 4.73cm, total length of 33-49cm, mean weight of 2445,108.3g, mean snout length of 48 plus or minus 0.86cm, mean eye diameter of 1.30 plus or minus 0.15cm, mean head length of 6.29 plus or minus 1.75cm. There was a strong relationship between the length and the weight, the eye diameter and the standard length, snout length and the standard length, head length and the standard length, snout length and the weight, head length and the weight (P<0.05). But the correlation of the eye diameters and the weight was insignificant (P>0.05). The growth pattern analysis depicts that the growth was negatively allometric with a b value of 1.16

Fishery resource surveys: beyond length-weight relationship models

Fisheries resource surveys are regular management tools for rational exploitation of commercial fisheries. In a growing number of cases, the use of these resource surveys has been largely restricted to assessment of the relative well being of fish stocks and the potential yields of such fisheries. This paper seeks to demonstrate that the data from such surveys can also be easily used to evaluate species diversity of such fisheries, both in terms of species richness and equitability of distribution. Using published data on two freshwater and two marine fisheries as case studies, Shannon-Wiener Diversity Function and Simpson's Index were computed for each of these fisheries. These biodiversity indices gave a deeper insight into the environmental status of each of these fisheries, beyond what the length-weight relationship models can reveal. Generally, while the marine fisheries showed more species richness, the freshwater fisheries apparently had more stable and equilibrated fish communities

The relationship between some physicochemical parameters and plankton composition on fish production in ponds

The effect of physico-chemical parameters and plankton composition on fish production in ponds was investigated in six fish farms for eight weeks. The physicochemical parameters investigated were temperature=25-30 plus or minus C, transparency=0.45-0.57m, dissolved oxygen=3.0-10.9mg/l, pH=6.0-7.7, dissolved carbon dioxide=5.46-28.3mg/l, total alkalinity=44.37-80.0ppm, chemical oxygen demand=31.88-72.18mg/l and biological oxygen demand=0.66-48.34mg/l. Plankton composition varies and was made of four families of phytoplankton namely: Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Dinophyceae and Diatomida; and four families of zooplankton viz: Protozoa, Rotifera, Copepoda and Dinoflagellates. Farm 1 and 6 recorded the highest average weight of about 1.0kg and average total length of about 40.0cm for the two fish species. This study showed that fish yield was dependable on the quality and management of pond water characteristics

The Sustainability of `Sustainable´ Energy Use: Historical Evidence on the Relationship between Economic Growth and Renewable Energy

20 p.

A Model For Residential Adoption of Photovoltaic Systems

The rapid rise in the residential photo voltaic (PV) adoptions in the past half decade has created a need in the electricity industry for a widely-accessible model that estimates PV adoption based on a combination of different business and policy decisions. This work analyzes historical adoption patterns and finds fiscal savings to be the single most important factor in PV adoption, with significantly greater predictive power compared to all other socioeconomic factors including income and education. We can create an application available on Google App Engine (GAE) based on our findings that allows all stakeholders including policymakers, power system researchers and regulators to study the complex and coupled relationship between PV adoption, utility economics and grid sustainability. The application allows users to experiment with different customer demographics, tier structures and subsidies, hence allowing them to tailor the application to the geographic region they are studying. This study then demonstrates the different type of analyses possible with the application by studying the relative impact of different policies regarding tier structures, fixed charges and PV prices on PV adoption.

Relationship of dimensions and weight in freshwater planktonic crustaceans. [Translation from: Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 84(1) 153-156, 1952. ]

There is no doubt that determination of the biomass of zooplankton (primarily of crustaceans) will be taken into consideration in practice and limnological works, especially after the recent publication of fairly comprehensive tables of weights of a whole range of species of freshwater copepods and cladocerans. The usefulness of applying formulae of determining the biomass of marine crustaceans for freshwater copepods is discussed.

Marketing Industrial: Diagnóstico de las Relaciones con Clientes y de las estrategias de marketing en mercados industriales

A lo largo de este trabajo, realizaremos un diagnóstico de las relaciones con clientes y de las estrategias de marketing en mercados industriales. Para ello, dividimos el trabajo en dos grandes partes y lo cerramos con unas conclusiones globales. La primera parte, el marco teórico, se ha elaborado tras la revisión crítica de la bibliografía referenciada al final del trabajo y el conocimiento adquirido en las sesiones magistrales de la asignatura Marketing Industrial de 4º curso del Grado en Marketing, impartida por la profesora Mª Soledad Aguirre, a las que asistí como oyente puesto que yo no soy alumno de dicho grado. En la segunda parte, el estudio empírico, realizamos un análisis de nueve empresas y organizaciones vascas (a excepción de una de ellas) que mantienen relaciones comerciales esencialmente del tipo Business to Business, que es lo que en la bibliografía que hemos trabajado se entiende por relaciones comerciales propias de Mercados Industriales. No se habla tanto de productos industriales como de clientes industriales o empresariales (relaciones empresa-empresa). Para ello, hemos utilizado como método de análisis y contraste el Método del Caso. Por último, concluimos el trabajo con la enumeración de las principales conclusiones extraídas de nuestra investigación y con la relación de la Bibliografía y Webgrafía consultada.

Small-dynamic-angle measurement using tangent relationship and phase-modulating technique

A method using two prisms for measurement of small dynamic angles is proposed in which the measurement is based on a simple tangent equation and a phase-modulating interferometer with a laser diode to measure dynamic optical path differences with higher accuracy. Owing to the simple tangent equation, the symmetry requirement on the two prisms in the optical configuration is eliminated, and easy measurement of the separations between two parallel beams with a position-sensitive detector is achieved. Small-dynamic-angle measurements are experimentally demonstrated with high accuracy. (C) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

The relationship between boat size and fish catches in the gillnet fishery of Lake Victoria, Uganda

The number and size composition of gillnets, fishing grounds, and the quantity and composition of fish catches were related to the size of fishing boat. The overall number of gillnets per boat increased from 20.9 + or - 2.3 nets in 5-6 m long boats to 88.6 + or - 11.8 nets in 11-12 m long boats. The proportion of large mesh sizes, + or more than 127 mm, also increased from 40% in 5-6 m long boats to 100% in boats longer than 10 m. Fish catches are related to the size of boat and this should be considered when formulating management guidelines of the lake's fishery. Promotion of large fishing boats 8 m or longer and restriction on the number and/or mesh size of gillnets of smaller boats could increase ecological and socio-economic benefits.

Small-dynamic-angle measurement using tangent relationship and phase-modulating technique

A method using two prisms for measurement of small dynamic angles is proposed in which the measurement is based on a simple tangent equation and a phase-modulating interferometer with a laser diode to measure dynamic optical path differences with higher accuracy. Owing to the simple tangent equation, the symmetry requirement on the two prisms in the optical configuration is eliminated, and easy measurement of the separations between two parallel beams with a position-sensitive detector is achieved. Small-dynamic-angle measurements are experimentally demonstrated with high accuracy. (C) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

Measuring the influence of customer-based store brand equity in the purchase intention

[EN] Store brands account for and important market share in the Spain and a further increase in expected in the next years due to the downturn. However, there is lack of research on store brand customer-based Brand Equity. This study attempts to propose an integrated model of Brand Equity in store or retailer brands, based on Aaker s well-known conceptual model. We propose a consumer-based model, including the main sources or dimensions of Brand Equity and considering the intention to purchase as a consequence. Based on a sample of 362 consumers and 5 store brands, structural equation modeling is used to test research hypotheses. The results obtained reveal that store brand awareness, loyalty along with store brand perceived quality have a significant influence on consumers intention to purchase store brands. Our study suggests that marketers and marketing managers from retailing companies should carefully consider the Brand Equity components when designing their brand strategies, and develop marketing activities in order to enhance their brands awareness.