Spectroscopic study of galaxies in the Herschel Reference Sample

Galaxies are clusters of millions and billions of stars dynamically stable, with gas, dust and dark matter. They are the biggest isolated objects known in the Universe . Even though they are very complex systems, today we have a clear knowledge about their evolution and about their physical phenomena. Aside from the stellar component there is a gaseous component, principally neutral Hydrogen (HI), and dust that, although is not a significant component in terms of the mass, plays an important role on the absorption phenomena. Finally, cinematic and other kind of observations suggest the existence of a spheric dark matter halo, dominant in terms of mass and more extensive than the barionic component.

Hartle's model within the general theory of perturbatiye matchings: the change in mass

Hartle's model provides the most widely used analytic framework to describe isolated compact bodies rotating slowly in equilibrium up to second order in perturbations in the context of General Relativity. Apart from some explicit assumptions, there are some implicit, like the "continuity" of the functions in the perturbed metric across the surface of the body. In this work we sketch the basics for the analysis of the second order problem using the modern theory of perturbed matchings. In particular, the result we present is that when the energy density of the fluid in the static configuration does not vanish at the boundary, one of the functions of the second order perturbation in the setting of the original work by Hartle is not continuous. This discrepancy affects the calculation of the change in mass of the rotating star with respect to the static configuration needed to keep the central energy density unchanged.

Protagonistas impensáveis; muralha do quase; prestígio subalterno: uma trilogia inspirada por mulheres negras, visibilidades midiáticas, territórios do Rio

No presente estudo, proponho-me a mostrar narrativas de/sobre mulheres negras nascidas e/ou radicadas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro que, por se manifestarem publicamente por intermédio do exercício de práticas artístico-culturais, são contempladas pela visibilidade midiática. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa situada nos campos dos estudos pós-coloniais e dos estudos do cotidiano. Nega Gizza e Tati Quebra Barraco protagonizam a investigação. As narrativas foram coletadas em artefatos culturais midiatizados disponibilizados ao público em geral cotidianamente, ao longo do século XXI. Achados apontam que a cidade do Rio de Janeiro, o lugar do estudo, é um centro propulsor de narrativas, discursos e dispositivos atuantes nacionalmente sobre mulheres negras, os quais mantêm aspectos essencializantes e subalternizantes que sobrepujam supostos fatores positivos que seriam decorrentes de visibilidades, bem como limitam processos de ressignificações identitárias e processos empoderadores. Destacam-se: 1) o discurso sobre a feiura, que se contrapõe ao discurso estético corporal hegemônico; 2) o discurso do corpo negro suspeito. Sendo assim, o dispositivo de transformar negra/o em branca/o embranquecimento continua operando com muita potência na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, em especial tendo em vista aquilo que se espera das mulheres. Tais achados inspiraram a construção da seguinte trilogia: protagonistas impensáveis; muralha do quase; prestígio subalterno. O prestígio subalterno se manifesta por intermédio da mobilidade social restrita a lugares marcados racializados. A muralha do quase é a responsável pela ausência de redes de poder com as quais a população negra possa contar para galgar a mobilidade social. As protagonistas impensáveis são as sujeitas que, por não disporem de atributos ditados pelo discurso da legitimidade estética que merece ser representada, estão interditadas para ocupar o papel principal do espetáculo. Paradoxalmente, no entanto, em algum momento inusitado, elas levantam e falam.

Da pobreza à riqueza: a ascensão social de jogadores de futebol profissional

Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de analisar o discurso de jogadores de futebol em atividade que emergiram socialmente mediante a prática profissional desse esporte para tentar identificar se há relação entre suas atitudes, suas dificuldades de adaptação ao exterior e o fato de serem oriundos de famílias com baixa renda. O estudo surgiu a partir da observação de reportagens dos meios de comunicação em que figuravam constantes aparições de jogadores reconhecidos socialmente não só pela fama e pelo sucesso dentro do futebol, mas também por alguns de seus comportamentos dentro e fora de campo. Como fundamentação teórica buscou-se principalmente contribuições de Edgar Morin, que apresenta o conceito de cultura de massa dentro do qual se inserem os chamados heróis modernos. O autor afirma que os jogadores de futebol bem-sucedidos figuram nessa categoria e discute a promoção dessas novas vedetes a partir das constantes informações midiáticas sobre suas rotinas. No que tange às teorias relativas ao esporte, e mais especificamente ao futebol, fundamentou-se o estudo a partir dos pensamentos de Mário Rodrigues Filho, que apresenta a ascensão do negro e do pobre no futebol brasileiro, esporte de origem branca e elitista. O esporte é, portanto, estudado sob uma perspectiva sociocultural com importante influência no Brasil e no mundo, sobretudo por meio do futebol. A metodologia utilizada foi a técnica de análise documental de conteúdo, optou-se pela interpretação de reportagens da fonte primária revista Placar. Como recorte, foram escolhidas as edições lançadas entre janeiro de 2009 e dezembro de 2011, configurando um total de trinta edições em três anos. A partir do levantamento das revistas citadas, foram selecionadas, ao final de toda a análise, 19 entrevistas de jogadores de futebol profissional divididas nas seguintes categorias: (i) ascensão social; (ii) questão financeira; (iii) mau comportamento dentro e fora de campo; (iv) bom comportamento dentro e fora de campo; (v) volta ao futebol brasileiro; (vi) saudade do Brasil; (vii) sonho a ser realizado. A análise de dados foi realizada à luz do referencial teórico apresentado no trabalho relacionando a fala dos jogadores com os pensamentos dos autores. Nota-se através da análise que não existe qualquer relação entre o comportamento dos jogadores de futebol entrevistados pela revista placar e o fato de eles serem oriundos de famílias humildes e que suas dificuldades de adaptação ao exterior estão relacionadas à falta de uma preparação física completa.

Pacific Hake, Merluccius productus, Autecology: A Timely Review

Pacific hake, Merluccius productus, the most abundant groundfish in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME), is a species of both commercial significance, supporting a large international fishery, and ecological importance, connecting other species as both predator and prey. Coastal Pacific hake migrations are characterized by movements between northern summer feeding areas and southern winter spawning areas, with variations in annual abundance, distribution, and the extent of these movements associated with varying climate-ocean conditions. In general, warm (cool) years with enhanced (reduced) stratification and poleward (equatorward) transport are often related to good (poor) recruitment, increased (decreased) northward distribution, and reduced (enhanced) growth. However, the classic periodic pattern of annual migration and distribution may no longer be fully representative. Based on recent advances in the understanding of climate-ocean variability off the U.S. west coast, we hypothesize that the annual movements of Pacific hake are more responsive to climate-ocean variability than previously thought, and further, that changes observed in Pacific hake distributions may reflect long-term changes in climate-ocean conditions in the CCLME. Therefore, an updated model of these relations is key to effective monitoring and management of this stock, as well as to devising scenarios of future change in the CCLME as a result of climate variations. The current state of knowledge of the relationship between the Pacific hake and its environment is reviewed, highlighting emerging ideas compared to those of the past, and priorities for future research are suggested.

Emissividade de neutrinos pelo processo Urca direto na presença de um campo magnético

As estrelas de nêutrons nascem com altas temperaturas (~ 1011 K) e durante alguns segundos sofrem um rápido resfriamento por emissão de neutrinos. O processo Urca direto é o principal mecanismo para explicar essa perda de energia. O problema do resfriamento das estrelas de nêutrons é um problema de grande interesse porque seu entendimento pode fornecer informações importantes sobre a constituição do interior da estrela. Na literatura existente até o momento, a emissividade de neutrinos é calculada considerando os núcleons como partículas não relativísticas quando considerados todos os níveis de Landau das partículas carregadas. Por outro lado, a emissividade de neutrinos para núcleons relativísticos é calculada considerando somente o primeiro nível de Landau (para campo magnético forte). Para campos magnéticos fracos, onde mais de um nível de Landau é ocupado, é usada a emissividade correspondente à do campo nulo. Neste trabalho aplicamos a teoria de Weinberg-Salan para interações fracas no cálculo da emissividade de neutrinos com e sem campo magnético presente, num cálculo totalmente relativístico para os núcleons e considerando todos os níveis de Landau. Esta é a contribuição original do trabalho. Para descrever a matéria a altas densidades, utilizamos uma teoria relativística de campo médio a temperatura zero que inclui apenas o octeto bariônico e os léptons mais leves. São apresentados os resultados para a emissividade de neutrinos, onde é evidente a ocupação dos diferentes níveis de Landau como função do campo magnético.

PICES Press, Vol. 21, No. 1, Winter 2013

•2012 PICES Science: A Note from the Science Board Chairman (pp. 1-6) ◾2012 PICES Awards (pp. 7-9) ◾GLOBEC/PICES/ICES ECOFOR Workshop (pp. 10-15) ◾ICES/PICES Symposium on “Forage Fish Interactions” (pp. 16-18) ◾The Yeosu Declaration, the Yeosu Declaration Forum and the Yeosu Project (pp. 19-23) ◾2013 PICES Calendar (p. 23) ◾Why Do We Need Human Dimensions for the FUTURE Program? (pp. 24-25) ◾New PICES MAFF-Sponsored Project on “Marine Ecosystem Health and Human Well-Being” (pp. 26-28) ◾The Bering Sea: Current Status and Recent Trends (pp. 29-31) ◾Continuing Cool in the Northeast Pacific Ocean (pp. 32, 35) ◾The State of the Western North Pacific in the First Half of 2012 (pp. 33-35) ◾New Leadership in PICES (pp. 36-39)

Surface temperature and precipitation variations in the western U.S. and their relation to large scale circulation indices [abstract]

EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): An analysis of the principal components of surface temperature and precipitation in the western U.S. is presented. Data consist of monthly mean temperature and total precipitation for 66 climate divisions west of the Continental Divide, for the years 1931-1984. The analysis is repeated for three separate combinations of months - the water year (Oct - Sept), the cool season (Oct - Mar) and the warm season (Apr - Sept). Inspection of monthly precipitation climatology indicates that selection of these combinations of months results in very few awkward splittings of the natural precipitation seasons found in the West.

Gas-phase production of gold-decorated silica nanoparticles.

Gold-decorated silica nanoparticles were synthesized in a two-step process in which silica nanoparticles were produced by chemical vapor synthesis using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and subsequently decorated using two different gas-phase evaporative techniques. Both evaporative processes resulted in gold decoration of the silica particles. This study compares the mechanisms of particle decoration for a production method in which the gas and particles remain cool to a method in which the entire aerosol is heated. Results of transmission electron microscopy and visible spectroscopy studies indicate that both methods produce particles with similar morphologies and nearly identical absorption spectra, with peak absorption at 500-550 nm. A study of the thermal stability of the particles using heated-TEM indicates that the gold decoration on the particle surface remains stable at temperatures below 900 °C, above which the gold decoration begins to both evaporate and coalesce.

Deep coral and associated species taxonomy and ecology: (DeepCAST) II Expedition Report, Roatan, Honduras, May 21-28, 2011

NOAA has a mandate to explore and understand deep-sea coral ecology under Magnuson-Stevens Sustainable Fisheries Conservation Act Reauthorization of 2009. Deep-sea corals are increasingly considered a proxy for marine biodiversity in the deep-sea because corals create complex structure, and this structure forms important habitat for associated species of shrimp, crabs, sea stars, brittle stars, and fishes. Yet, our understanding of the nature of the relationships between deep-corals and their associated species is incomplete. One of the primary challenges of conducting any type of deep-sea coral (DSC) research is access to the deep-sea. The deep-sea is a remote environment that often requires long surface transits and sophisticated research vehicles like submersibles and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs). The research vehicles often require substantial crew, and the vehicles are typically launched from large research vessels costing many thousands of dollars a day. To overcome the problem of access to the deep-sea, the Deep Coral and Associated Species Taxonomy and Ecology (DeepCAST) Expeditions are pioneering the use of shore-based submersibles equipped to do scientific research. Shore-based subs alleviate the need for expensive ships because they launch and return under their own power. One disadvantage to the approach is that shore-based subs are restricted to nearby sites. The disadvantage is outweighed, however, by the benefit of repeated observations, and the opportunity to reduce the costs of exploration while expanding knowledge of deep-sea coral ecology.

ENSO influences on atmospheric circulation and precipitation in the western United States

EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): The influence of ENSO on atmospheric circulation and precipitation over the western United States is presented from two perspectives. First, ENSO-associated circulation patterns over the North Pacific/North America sector were identified using an REOF (rotated empirical orthogonal function) analysis of the 700-mb height field and compositing these for extreme phases of the Southern Oscillation Index. ... Second, we examine the variability of precipitation during the warm and cool phases of ENSO for different locations in the western United States.

The California heat island: seasonal trends in maximum and minimum temperatures

This paper summarizes progress in an ongoing study of California's temperature trends. It supplements studies reported at PACLIM in 1984, 1986, and 1987. ... Objectives of this study are twofold: to examine and map the trends in maximum and minimum temperatures for the warm and cool seasons separately, and to examine regional differences in maximum and minimum temperature trends in California.

Decadal variability over the North Pacific Ocean [abstract]

EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): In this study we use ocean and atmosphere datasets from observations and from an ocean general circulation model integration to examine decadal time scale variability that is centered in the Pacific basin. We know that decadal variability is likely to have a strong expression in the Pacific basin; for example, a marked "shift" of cool season climate in the mid-1970s introduced major changes in Pacific SST and atmospheric circulation, along with many other physical and biological properties.

On the strength of the California Current: a record from the southern Baja California margin [abstract]

EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): To characterize the strength of the flow of the California Current, we searched in the southern Baja California continental margin, the southernmost site affected by its relatively cool and less saline waters.

Strategy of fish seed production in India

In tropical countries like India, climatic conditions vary in different parts, as a result the breeding of fast growing species such as Catla and silver carps poses considerable problems due to erratic or late monsoon or prolonged dry spell. Hence it is not possible to meet the fish seed requirement of the country. Therefore: to meet the future requirement and to over-come the environmental conditions a Modern carp Hatchery CIFE D-81 was designed. The system provides optimum temperature, silt free clean, cool, highly oxygenated water, low current and continuous removal of metabolites. It has been successfully demonstrated at Rawatbhata (Rajasthan), Badkhal (Haryana), Badbhada (M.P), Guntur and East Godavari District (A.P). Recently a Modern Carp Hatchery was installed in a semi-arid zone, Damdama (Haryana), during 1984, where it has produced record 1.88 crores of fish seed and worked successfully.