Birds and bees : essays /

Mode of access: Internet.

The blessed bees,

Mode of access: Internet.

Reflections upon laughter, and remarks upon the Fable of the bees.

"... Originally published in the Dublin journal ..."

New species of North American bees of the genus Dufourea (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) with descriptions of two previously undescribed females /

Cover title.

Man in Hat with Bees

Saline Valley Farms was an experiment in cooperative farming and living begun in 1932 by Harold S. Gray.

Mackenzie's five thousand receipts in all the useful and domestic arts : constituting a complete practical library relative to agriculture, bees, bleaching, brewing, calico printing, carving at table, cements, confectionary, cookery ...

Includes index.

City of the bees.

Mode of access: Internet.

A new group of Euryglossine bees from Australia (Hymenoptera : Apoidea : Colletidae)

A new acantha species-group is erected in the genus Euhesma Michener. Three new species are described: E. acantha, E. loorea, and E. collaris. Scanning electron micrographs and line drawings illustrate the species-group and a key to females enables the separation of species. Known distributions are mapped.

Documentação automatizada de APIs com tutoriais gerados a partir do Stack Overflow

One of the most common forms of reuse is through API usage. However, one of the main challenges to effective usage is an accessible and easy to understand documentation. Several papers have proposed alternatives to make more understandable API documentation, or even more detailed. However, these studies have not taken into account the complexity of understanding of the examples to make these documentations adaptable to different levels of experience of developers. In this work we developed and evaluated four different methodologies to generate tutorials for APIs from the contents of Stack Overflow and organizing them according to the complexity of understanding. The methodologies were evaluated through tutorials generated for the Swing API. A survey was conducted to evaluate eight different features of the generated tutorials. The overall outcome of the tutorials was positive on several characteristics, showing the feasibility of the use of tutorials generated automatically. In addition, the use of criteria for presentation of tutorial elements in order of complexity, the separation of the tutorial in basic and advanced parts, the nature of tutorial to the selected posts and existence of didactic source had significantly different results regarding a chosen generation methodology. A second study compared the official documentation of the Android API and tutorial generated by the best methodology of the previous study. A controlled experiment was conducted with students who had a first contact with the Android development. In the experiment these students developed two tasks, one using the official documentation of Android and using the generated tutorial. The results of this experiment showed that in most cases, the students had the best performance in tasks when they used the tutorial proposed in this work. The main reasons for the poor performance of students in tasks using the official API documentation were due to lack of usage examples, as well as its difficult use.

APIs de seguridad en .NET Framework

Este trabajo hace un estudio de algunas de las herramientas de seguridad disponibles en .Net Framework así como la forma de usarlas en un desarrollo web bajo la metodología de desarrollo de ASP.NET siguiendo el modelo Vista-Controlador y usando como entorno de desarrollo Visual Studio. Además de repasar las herramientas disponibles y la forma de uso se ha desarrollado también una aplicación de ejemplo: ItemCoteca-Web; en la que se demuestra cómo resolver el registro de usuarios, la autenticación y autorización de forma segura. En paralelo se ha implementado un cliente Android: Itemcoteca-app que realiza autenticación, registro y dispone de un chat seguro de incidencias para hablar con administradores OnlineEste trabajo no solo presenta las APIs disponibles sino también las buenas prácticas que define Microsoft para el uso de sus herramientas. En particular nos centramos en los tres tipos de controladores que podemos encontrar en una aplicación web Asp.net que son Controllers, WebApi y SignalR, comentando sus diferencias y su uso para clientes Web y móviles.

What Bees Want: Algorithm-Aided Design di un'arnia progettata per le api e realizzata in Additive Manufacturing

L’importanza delle api per la vita sulla Terra ed il rischio alle quali sono sottoposte per via dell’azione dell’uomo sono ormai un dato di fatto. La concezione antropocentrica della natura e l’allevamento al solo fine produttivo di questi piccoli insetti, ha da sempre danneggiato il loro habitat e interferito con i loro cicli biologici. L’apicoltura, nata come un rapporto mutualistico in cui l’uomo offriva un rifugio alle api e loro in cambio provvedevano al suo nutrimento, si è trasformato in una dannosa dipendenza ed in un assoggettamento di questi insetti ai ritmi artificiali e tutt’altro che naturali della produzione rapida e seriale volta all’ottenimento di un profitto. Un’evidente prova di questa condizione, sono i rifugi per le api, le arnie. Ci siamo mai chiesti perché le arnie hanno questa forma? È quella che preferiscono le api, o quella che rende più pratici e veloci processi di costruzione, gestione e produzione? In natura le api colonizzano cavità quali tronchi cavi di alberi, forme lontane, per non dire diametralmente opposte a quelle in cui le vediamo vivere negli allevamenti. In questa ottica, il design e le nuove tecnologie, poste al servizio della Natura, conducono ad un punto di incontro tra le esigenze umane e quelle degli altri esseri viventi, delle api in questo caso. I concetti di Additive Manufacturing e Design Computazionale, permettono processi di produzione simili a quelli evolutivi naturali e trovano per questa motivazione un’applicazione ideale per progetti che si pongono come fine quello di discostarsi da una visione troppo artificiale, per riavvicinarsi alla perfezione e all’armonia delle leggi della Natura.

Phytochemical Markers Of Different Types Of Red Propolis.

Propolis is a resin that bees collect from different plant sources and use in the defense of the bee community. The intricate composition of propolis varies depending on plant sources from different geographic regions and many types have been reported. Red coloured propolis found in several states in Brazil and in other countries has known antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Different analytical methods have been applied to studies regarding the chemical composition and plant origins of red propolis. In this study samples of red propolis from different regions have been characterised using direct infusion electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI(-)-MS) fingerprinting. Data from the fingerprints was extracted and analysed by multivariate analysis to group the samples according to their composition and marker compounds. Despite similar colour, the red coloured propolis samples were divided into three groups due to contrasting chemical composition, confirming the need to properly characterise the chemical composition of propolis.

Reproductive biology of Davilla kunthii A. St-Hil. (Dilleniaceae) in Central Amazonia

This survey aimed at describing the interactions of floral visitors and Davilla kunthii A. St.-Hil. as well as characteristics of its reproductive biology in Itacoatiara, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Tests of the breeding system were performed. The guild of visitors was described according to richness, abundance, relative frequency and constancy. The breeding system tests indicated that D. kunthii is self-compatible. The pollination system was characterized as generalist, with 39 visitor species, from three different orders. Bees were the main group of pollinators, thus some behavioural aspects were described. Th e period of highest foraging activity was between 7 and 10 am. Some species presented agonistic and monopolistic behaviour. Given the behaviour and destructive potential, the Curculionidae seem to have a greater impact as seed predators than pollinators.