As formas organizacionais de produção dos camponeses assentados no município de Batayporã/MS

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

The need for technical assistance in statistics in the Caribbean, with particular reference to the smaller territories

Includes bibliography

A study of return migration to the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) territories and the British Virgin Islands in the closing years of the twentieth century: implications for social policy

Includes bibliography

Estimating potential output: a survey of the alternative methods and their application to Brazil

Incluye Bibliografía

Participación privada en la prestación de los servicios de agua: volumen I: Modalidades para la participación privada en la prestación de los servicios de agua = Private participation in the provision of water services: volume I: Alternative means for private participation in the provision of water services

Incluye Bibliografía

O setor de turismo e os arranjos produtivos locais no estado de São Paulo: especificidades e interdependências

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

An alternative method for the simultaneous determination of copper and lead for quality control of sugar cane spirit using a nanotube-based sensor

The development of an electroanalytical method for simultaneous determination of copper and lead ions in sugar cane spirit (cachaça) using carbon paste electrode modified with ascorbic acid and carbon nanotubes (CPE-AaCNT) is described. Squarewave voltammetry (SWV) with anodic stripping was employed, and this technique was optimized with respect to the following parameters: frequency (50 Hz), amplitude (100 mV) and scan increment (9 mV). The analytical curves were linear in the range from 0.0900 to 7.00 mg L - 1 for lead and copper. The limits of detection were 48.5 and 23.9 µg L - 1 for lead and copper, respectively. The developed method was applied to the simultaneous determination of copper and lead in five commercial samples of sugar cane spirit. The results were in good agreement with those obtained by F AAS/GF AAS (flame atomic absorption spectrometry/graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry) and showed that CPE-AaCNT can be successfully employed in the simultaneous determination of these metals in real sugar cane spirit samples.

Kinetic study of pyrolysis of castor beans (Ricinuscommunis L) presscake: an alternative use for solid waste arising from the biodiesel production

This work investigated the effects of temperature and of rate of heating on the kinetic parameters of pyrolysis of castor beans presscake, a byproduct generated in the biodiesel production process. Pyrolysis process was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, and parameters were obtained from nonisothermal experiments. The results obtained from the process of thermal decomposition indicated the elimination of humidity and the decomposition of organic components of the biomass. DTG curves showed that the heating rate affects the temperature of maximum decomposition of the material. Kinetic parameters such as activation energy and pre-exponential factor were obtained by model-free methods proposed by Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), and Kissinger. Experimental results showed that the kinetic parameters values of the FWO and KAS methods display good agreement and can be used to understand the mechanism of degradation of the cake. In a generalized way, the results contribute to better understanding of the processes of biomass pyrolysis.

Short food supply chain as an alternative for promoting family agriculture

In recent years, increasing attention has been given to promoting short agrifood supply chains, not only in Europe and the United States but also in Latin America. This bulletin describes some specific experiences with short food supply chains, both in Latin America and in other parts of the world, which have made it possible to identify success factors and lessons learned. These examples are based on cases discussed at the seminar on short food supply chains recently held by ECLAC, FAO and WHO.