Avaliação e manejo domiciliar da dor torácica

Material da unidade 3 "Avaliação e manejo domiciliar da Dor Torácica" que compõe o módulo 15 "Intercorrências Agudas no Domicílio II" do Programa Multicêntrico de Qualificação em Atenção Domiciliar a Distância . Apresenta informações acerca da administração de medicamentos, apontando os sintomas da dor torácica, as possíveis causas e as condutas mais indicadas.

Como é realizado o diagnóstico e qual é o manejo clínico na Febre do Chikungunya?

A confirmação da febre do Chicungunya (CHKV) é feita através do diagnóstico laboratorial utilizando-se um dos três testes a seguir, a depender da data do início dos sintomas: 1- Isolamento viral, 2- Reação em cadeia de polimerase em tempo real (RT-PCR), 3- Sorologias IgM e IgG. Para o isolamento viral a amostra de sangue deve ser coletada de preferência nos 3 primeiros dias do início dos sintomas e do 1º ao 8º dias para o PCR. Para a pesquisa de anticorpos IgM coletar amostras preferencialmente a partir do 4º dia de início de sintomas (até aproximadamente 2 meses, embora IgM possa persistir por maior tempo). Para pesquisa de anticorpos IgG ou ensaio de anticorpo neutralizante mostrando títulos crescentes, devem ser coletadas duas amostras, separadas por intervalo de 14 dias, sendo a primeira amostra coletada após o 70 dia do início dos sintomas. Além do sangue outras amostras podem ser utilizadas como o liquido cérebro-espinhal, líquido sinovial, ou ainda biópsias de tecidos ou órgãos. Não existe até o momento antiviral específico para o CHKV, sendo o tratamento inteiramente sintomático ou de suporte. Para o tratamento da fase aguda, que dura em média 7 dias, recomenda-se manter o paciente em repouso e aplicar compressas frias nas articulações acometidas. Prescrever dipirona ou paracetamol para controle da febre e dor, ou codeína para os casos refratários. Ingestão de líquidos (oral ou endovenoso, de acordo com a gravidade do quadro) para reposição de perdas por sudorese, vômitos e outras perdas deve ser instituída. Os anti-inflamatórios não esteroides (ibuprofeno, naproxeno, ácido acetilsalicílico) não devem ser utilizados na fase aguda. Ressalte-se que o ácido acetilsalicílico também é contraindicado nessa fase da doença pelo risco de Síndrome de Reye e de sangramento. Os esteroides estão contraindicados na fase aguda, pelo risco do efeito rebote. Pode-se indicar fisioterapia com exercícios leves para os pacientes em recuperação. Já nas fases subaguda (com duração média de 3 meses) ou crônica (duração maior que 3 meses), indica-se anti-inflamatório não hormonal para alívio do componente artrítico. Uso de analgésicos mais potentes como morfina ou uso de corticosteroides podem ser necessários para pacientes com dor intensa que não obtiveram alívio com os anti-inflamatórios não hormonais. Na presença de fatores de risco (gestantes, crianças < 2 anos, idosos, pacientes com comorbidades) está indicado controle clínico diário até desaparecimento da febre. Diante de sinais de gravidade, recomenda-se manejo em leito de internação. A Febre do CHKV é doença de notificação compulsória imediata, devendo ser notificada imediatamente (menos de 24h) por telefone para Gerencia de Epidemiologia GEREPI ou Centro de Informações Estratégicas em Vigilância em Saúde (CIEVS).

Segunda opinião formativa: que características clínicas devem ser pesquisadas frente a um paciente com dor torácica? Quais se associam à dor do tipo anginosa?

O paciente com dor torácica se sente não apenas incomodado com o sintoma, mas sobretudo alarmado com a possibilidade de uma doença cardíaca. Será tarefa de diferentes especialistas como clínicos, internistas, médicos da saúde da família, emergencistas e cardiologistas o esclarecimento da causa da dor através de perguntas simples, mas muitas vezes negligenciadas ou feitas de modo incompleto.

Plano de ação para sistematização e aprimoramento do atendimento aos pacientes portadores de dor crônica, assistidos pela equipe de saúde da família Vida Nova I

A dor é um grande problema de saúde pública, sendo uma das queixas mais comuns dos pacientes na atenção primária. Em sua forma crônica, constitui-se no Brasil como a principal causa de absenteísmo e diminuição dos níveis de produtividade. Assim, este trabalho objetiva desenvolver um plano de ação para sistematizar o atendimento aos pacientes portadores de dor crônica, buscando possibilitar melhor reabilitação física e psicossocial. O plano de ação seguirá as seguintes etapas: capacitação dos membros da ESF; identificação, busca ativa, triagem e avaliação da população alvo; formação do grupo terapêutico multiprofissional; reavaliação semestral da qualidade de vida e da intensidade da dor dos pacientes, utilizando questionário específico. Pretende-se proporcionar aos pacientes conhecimento sobre sua doença e subsidiar profissionais de saúde com capacitações, tornando o fluxo de acolhimento, triagem e tratamento dos pacientes mais efetivo, de forma a potencializar os benefícios da abordagem da dor crônica pela atenção primária.

Dor crônica na atenção primária - um problema de saúde pública

Este estudo teve como objetivo elaborar um plano de ação para sistematização e aprimoramento do atendimento de portadores de dor crônica por uma equipe multidisciplinar, possibilitando uma reabilitação psicossocial mais adequada. No diagnóstico situacional foi observado um elevado número de pessoas portadoras de dor crônica. Baseando-se neste problema foram selecionados os seguintes nós críticos: processo de trabalho inadequado da Estratégia Saúde da Família e ausência de terapias alternativas disponíveis pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Baseado nesses nós críticos foram propostas as seguintes ações de enfrentamento: criação do projeto "Menos dor, por favor", que visa otimizar a abordagem ao paciente portador de dor crônica de forma multidisciplinar e do projeto "Integralidade", que objetiva utilizar outras formas terapêuticas para auxiliar o tratamento medicamentoso da dor crônica.

Atenção domiciliar: caso clínico [dor abdominal]

Vídeo produzido com o GoAnimate! e que apresenta o paciente Seu João solicitando uma visita da equipe de atenção domiciliar com queixas de dores abdominais. O vídeo instiga a reflexão, a fim de solucionar o caso.

Endocytosis Of Tight Junctions Caveolin Nitrosylation Dependent Is Improved By Cocoa Via Opioid Receptor On Rpe Cells In Diabetic Conditions.

Retinal pigment epithelium cells, along with tight junction (TJ) proteins, constitute the outer blood retinal barrier (BRB). Contradictory findings suggest a role for the outer BRB in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the mechanisms involved in these alterations are sensitive to nitrosative stress, and if cocoa or epicatechin (EC) protects from this damage under diabetic (DM) milieu conditions. Cells of a human RPE line (ARPE-19) were exposed to high-glucose (HG) conditions for 24 hours in the presence or absence of cocoa powder containing 0.5% or 60.5% polyphenol (low-polyphenol cocoa [LPC] and high-polyphenol cocoa [HPC], respectively). Exposure to HG decreased claudin-1 and occludin TJ expressions and increased extracellular matrix accumulation (ECM), whereas levels of TNF-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were upregulated, accompanied by increased nitric oxide levels. This nitrosative stress resulted in S-nitrosylation of caveolin-1 (CAV-1), which in turn increased CAV-1 traffic and its interactions with claudin-1 and occludin. This cascade was inhibited by treatment with HPC or EC through δ-opioid receptor (DOR) binding and stimulation, thereby decreasing TNF-α-induced iNOS upregulation and CAV-1 endocytosis. The TJ functions were restored, leading to prevention of paracellular permeability, restoration of resistance of the ARPE-19 monolayer, and decreased ECM accumulation. The detrimental effects on TJs in ARPE-19 cells exposed to DM milieu occur through a CAV-1 S-nitrosylation-dependent endocytosis mechanism. High-polyphenol cocoa or EC exerts protective effects through DOR stimulation.

[temporomandibular Disorders In Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Short-communication.]

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic painful syndrome and the coexistence of a painful condition caused by Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) and FMS has been frequently raised for several studies, however, more likely hypothesis is that a set of FMS characteristics may lead to the onset of TMD symptoms and they are not merely coexisting conditions. Therefore, our aim is presenting a review of literature about the relation between fibromyalgia and the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. For this purpose, a bibliographic search was performed of the period of 1990-2013, in the Medline, Pubmed, Lilacs and Scielo databases, using the keywords fibromyalgia, temporomandibular disorders and facial pain. Here we present a set of findings in the literature showing that fibromyalgia can lead to TMD symptoms. These studies demonstrated greater involvement of the stomatognathic system in FMS and myogenic disorders of masticatory system are the most commonly found in those patients. FMS appears to have a series of characteristics that constitute predisposing and triggering factors for TMD.

Plastias de estenoses de intestino delgado na doença de Crohn: resultados imediatos e tardios

BACKGROUND: Strictureplasty is an alternative surgical procedure for Crohn?s disease, particulary in patients with previous resections or many intestinal stenosis. AIM: To analyze surgical complications and clinical follow-up in patients submitted to strictureplasty secondary to Crohn?s disease. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients (57.1% male, mean age 33.3 years, range 16-54 years) with Crohn?s disease and intestinal stenosis (small bowel, ileocecal region and ileocolic anastomosis) were submitted to strictureplasty, at one institution, between September 1991 and May 2004. Thirteen patients had previous intestinal resections. The mean follow-up was 58.1 months. A total of 116 strictureplasties were done (94 Heineke-Mikulicz - 81%, 15 Finney - 13%, seven side-to-side ileocolic strictureplasty - 6%). Three patients were submitted to strictureplasty at two different surgical procedures and two in three procedures. RESULTS: Regarding to strictureplasty, postoperative complication rate was 25% and mortality was 3.6%. Early local complication rate was 57.1%, with three suture leaks (10.7%) and late complication was present in two patients, both with incisional hernial and enterocutaneous fistulas (28.6%). Patients remained hospitalized during a medium time of 12.4 days. Clinical and surgical recurrence rates were 63% and 41%, respectively. Among the patients submitted to another surgery, two patients had two more operations and one had three. Recurrence rate at strictureplasty site was observed in 3.5%, being Finney technique the commonest one. Presently, 19 patients had been asymptomatic with the majority of them under medical therapy. CONCLUSION: Strictureplasties have low complication rates, in spite of having been done at compromised site, with long term pain relief. Considering the clinical course of Crohn?s disease, with many patients being submitted to intestinal resections, strictureplasties should be considered as an effective surgical treatment to spare long intestinal resections.

Orbital apex syndrome due to aspergillosis: case report

We report the case of a 73-year-old female who presented facial numbness and pain in the first division of the trigeminal nerve, ptosis, diplopia and visual loss on the right side for the previous four months. The neurological, radiological and histological examination demonstrated a rare case of invasive fungal aspergillosis of the central nervous system, causing orbital apex syndrome, later transformed in temporal brain abscess. She died ten months later due to respiratory and renal failure in spite of specific antimycotic therapy.

Levantamento fitossociológico e caráter sucessional de um trecho de floresta secundária ciliar em Juquitiba, SP, Brasil

The objective of this study was to evaluate the horizontal and vertical structures of tree community in regeneration in a fragment of a secondary riparian forest at approximately 30 years of age and to identify the most abundant species in each fragment of the forest to determine the sucessional stage. An area of 800 m² was subdivided into 16 samples of 10 x 5 m and all individuals with DBH ≥ 1 cm were sampled and identified for the following analyzes: horizontal parameters (DR, FR, DoR, IVC and IVI), vertical parameters (PSR and RNR) and mixed parameters, from of value of increased importance index (IVIa). The survey measured 689 individuals, belonging to 38 families, 74 genus and 109 species. The total density was 8,614 individuals/ha. The index of Shannon´s diversity was 3.99 and the index of Pielou´s equability was 0.85. Tibouchina pulchra, Psychotria suterella and Endlicheria paniculata obtained high values of IVIa. Guarea macrophylla, Gomidesia anacardiaefolia, Xylopia langsdorffiana and Endlicheria paniculata achieved high values of RNT, indicating adequate natural regeneration in the plot. The initial secondary and umbrophylous species showed the highest ecological importance in this fragment of the forest, with the highest values of sociologic position and importance index. Furthermore, the presence of late secondary species in all layers suggest that the studied fragment is in intermediate succession degree.

Saúde dos adolescentes: um estudo de base populacional em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil

We estimated the prevalence of chronic diseases and other health problems reported by adolescents in relation to social and demographic variables and nutritional status. This cross-sectional population-based survey analyzed data from the Health Survey in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil, 2008. We used descriptive statistics and associations between variables with the chisquare test. Prevalence of chronic diseases among adolescents was 19.17%, with asthma showing the highest prevalence (7.59%), followed by heart disease (1.96%), hypertension (1.07%), and diabetes 0.21%. Prevalence rates were 61.53% for health problems, 40.39% for allergy, and 24.83% for frequent headache or migraine. After multivariate analysis using Poisson regression, the factors associated with chronic disease were age 15 to 19 years (PR = 1.38), not attending school (PR = 1.46), having children (PR = 1.84), and obesity (PR = 1.54). Female gender (PR = 1.12) was statistically associated with health problems. The study illustrates that adolescence is a life stage in which chronic disease and health problems can occur.

Tradução para a língua portuguesa e adaptação cultural do questionário Rowe modificado para atletas arremessadores

OBJECTIVE: Study was to translate and culturally adapt the modified Rowe score for overhead athletes. METHODS: The translation and cultural adaptation process initially involved the stages of transla tion, synthesis, back-translation, and revision by the Translation Group. It was than created the pre-final version of the question naire, being the areas function and pain applied to 20 athletes that perform overhead movements and that suffered SLAP lesions in the dominant shoulder and the areas active compression test and anterior apprehension test and motion were applied to 15 health professionals. RESULTS: During the translation process there were made little modifications in the questionnaire in order to adapt it to Brazilian culture, without changing the semantics and the idiomatic concept originally described. CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire was easily understood by the subjects of the study, being possible to obtain the Brazilian version of the modified Rowe score for over head athletes that underwent surgical treatment of the SLAP lesion.

Comparação da eficácia da ropivacaína 1% quando associada ou não à hialuronidase na anestesia peribulbar para cirurgia de catarata

Purpose: To evaluate the onset time and quality of peribulbar anesthesia with 1% ropivacaine associated or not with hyaluronidase 100 tru/ml for cataract extraction. Methods: Prospective, randomized, double-blind and controlled study including fifty-seven patients, scheduled to undergo peribulbar anesthesia for cataract extraction, allocated to two groups. Group C: 1% ropivacaine with addition of 100 tru/ml hyaluronidase, and Group S 1% ropivacaine, without hyaluronidase. The onset time for globe akinesia was studied at intervals of 2 minutes, using Nicoll's score. We evaluated pain by analogic score during the surgery and the necessity of complementing the anaesthesia. The peribulbar block was considered satisfactory when the Nicoll's score was less than 4. Results: The mean time of onset of block in group C was 4.07 minutes (± 3.24), and in group S 5.03 (± 3.28). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Both were similar regarding pain score, no pain was observed in 57.14% of group C, and in 68.97% of group S. The supplementary anesthetic was necessary in 2 cases of group C and in 3 cases of group S. Two cases of bradycardia (heart rate < 50 bpm) were observed during the surgery, and in one case administration of atropine IV was necessary. Conclusion: 1% ropivacaine provided a good quality of anesthesia for cataract extraction, with a faster onset of action in the group with hyaluronidase 100 iu/ml, although without significant difference.

Esclerite infecciosa espontânea por Nocardia asteroides: relato de caso

PURPOSE: To report a case of Nocardia asteroides scleritis in a patient without risk factors for infeccious scleritis. METHODS: A 38-year old woman was initially examined for pain, discharge, photophobia of 1 month duration in her right eye. Her medical and ophthalmological history were unremarkable. The results of laboratory tests were normal. Surgical debridement of necrotic tissue was performed and material was sent for biopsy and culture confirmed as Nocardia asteroides. Treatment consisted of amikacin eyedrops, and systemic trimethropim-sulfamethoxazole. The infection resolved leaving scleral thinning and a subconjunctival fibrovascular scar. Best corrected visual acuity two months after referral had improved to LE, 20/20. CONCLUSION: Prompt evaluation and treatment is essential for successful management of Nocardia asteroides infectious scleritis.