Evaluating Taphonomic Bias in a Storm-Disturbed Carbonate Platform: Effects of Compositional and Environmental Factors in Lower Jurassic Brachiopod Accumulations (Eastern Subbetic Basin, Spain)

In order to evaluate taxonomic and environmental control on the preservation pattern of brachiopod accumulations, sedimentologic and taphonomic data have been integrated with those inferred from the structure of brachiopod accumulations from the easternmost Lower Jurassic Subbetic deposits in Spain. Two brachiopod communities (Praesphaeroidothyris and Securina communities) were distinguished showing a mainly free-lying way of life in soft-bottom habitats. Three taphofacies are discriminated based on proportion of disarticulation, fragmentation, packing, and shell filling. Taphofacies 1 is represented by thinly fragmented, dispersed brachiopod shells in wackestone beds. Taphofacies 2 is spatially restricted to small lenses where shells are poorly fragmented, rarely disarticulated, usually void filled, and highly packed. Taphofacies 3 is represented by mud or cement filled, loosely packed, articulated brachiopods forming large pocket-like structures. Temporal and spatial averaging were minimally involved in taphofacies 2 and 3. It is interpreted that patchy preservation implies preservation of primary original patchiness of brachiopod communities on the seafloor. The origin of shell-rich taphofacies (2 and 3) is related to rapid burial due to episodic storm activity, while shell-poor taphofacies 1 records background conditions. The nature and comparative diversity of these taphofacies underscores the importance of rapid burial for shell beds preservation. Differences in preservation between taphofacies 2 and 3 are mainly related to environmental criteria, most importantly storm energy and water depth. In contrast, the taxonomic-specific pattern of the communities is a subordinate element of control, controlling only minor within-taphofacies differences in preservation.

An Evaluation of Personal and Contextual Factors in Competitive Youth Sport

Because millions of youth are involved in sport, the sport context is important to consider in advancing the growth experiences of young people (Cˆot´e et al., 2007; Fraser-Thomas et al., 2005). Furthermore, research in developmental psychology has highlighted the value of structured programs, including sport, in helping to promote positive youth development (Fredricks & Eccles, 2006). Youth sport involvement has been linked to high levels of enjoyment (Scanlan et al., 1989), however, negative outcomes, such as burnout, have also been reported (Gould et al., 1996). In the present study, the Developmental Assets Profile (Search Institute, 2004) was used to explore personal (internal assets) and contextual (external assets) outcomes associated with youth sport. Results suggest that three particular assets (positive identity, empowerment, and support) are important to focus on in youth sport programs to decrease burnout symptoms and enhance enjoyment. Path analyses were also conducted to test a proposed model and exploratory results confirmed links of particular assets to sport outcomes. The results are discussed in terms of integration with Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory (1999) and recommendations are suggested for sport programmers to consider to develop these assets within youth sport.

Market factors in Peru,

Mode of access: Internet.

Significant factors in truck ride quality. Volume III: data compendium. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Structures and Applied Mechanics Division, Washington, D.C.

Significant factors in truck ride quality. Volume I. Summary report. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Structures and Applied Mechanics Division, Washington, D.C.

Significant factors in truck ride quality. Volume II: comprehensive report. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Structures and Applied Mechanics Division, Washington, D.C.

Race and nationality as factors in American life.

"References": p. 207-209.

The problem of old age pensions in industry, an up-to-date summary of the facts and figures developed in the further study of old age pensions.

Mode of access: Internet.

Social factors in economic planning, with special reference to Nigeria.

"E/CN.14/SDP/3."

The EEOC's performance in enforcing the Age Discrimination in Employment Act [microform] : hearing before the Special Committee on Aging, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, second session, Washington, DC, June 23, 24, 1988.

"Serial no. 100-24."

Final report to Congress on Age Discrimination in Employment Act studies : report to the Congress required by Section 5 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act /

Mode of access: Internet.

Preliminary analysis of the National Crash Severity Study: factors in fatal accidents.

Mode of access: Internet.

Older drivers, the age factor in traffic safety. Technical report.

Mode of access: Internet.