El derecho a la atención de la salud reproductiva de las mujeres y la inclusión de nuevos medicamentos para su uso en ginecología y obstetricia en la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social: el caso del misoprostol

El tema que provoca esta investigación se inserta en el ámbito de los derechos reproductivos, reconocidos estos como derechos humanos y garantizados en diversos instrumentos internacionales, pero que se hace necesario darles vigencia en el nivel nacional para garantizar su garantía y cumplimiento. Los derechos reproductivos contienen dos principios fundamentales: el derecho a la autonomía reproductiva y el derecho a la atención en salud reproductiva. Este último está contenido en los instrumentos internacionales de derechos humanos que protegen la vida y la salud; y además en informes de órganos del sistema regional de protección de derechos humanos, como la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CIDH). El misoprostol es un medicamento ampliamente usado en ginecología y obstetricia en otros países de la región latinoamericana, pues técnicamente es menos invasivo que otras procedimientos usados, ya sea para inducción de parto de término o para el tratamiento del aborto incompleto, es más barato que otras prostglandinas, es termoestable (ideal para climas tropicales); su inclusión en listados oficiales de medicamentos contribuye a asegurar el cumplimiento del derecho a la atención en salud reproductiva y el derecho al goce del avance científico de las mujeres. El cumplimiento de este, a través de medidas no legislativas estaría en concordancia con el derecho internacional de derechos humanos al que está adscrito Costa Rica.

Horizontal profiles of longwave and shortwave radiation components over sea ice near Barrow, Alaska during the 2011 melt

An integrated instrument package for measuring and understanding the surface radiation budget of sea ice is presented, along with results from its first deployment. The setup simultaneously measures broadband fluxes of upwelling and downwelling terrestrial and solar radiation (four components separately), spectral fluxes of incident and reflected solar radiation, and supporting data such as air temperature and humidity, surface temperature, and location (GPS), in addition to photographing the sky and observed surface during each measurement. The instruments are mounted on a small sled, allowing measurements of the radiation budget to be made at many locations in the study area to see the effect of small-scale surface processes on the large-scale radiation budget. Such observations have many applications, from calibration and validation of remote sensing products to improving our understanding of surface processes that affect atmosphere-snow-ice interactions and drive feedbacks, ultimately leading to the potential to improve climate modelling of ice-covered regions of the ocean. The photographs, spectral data, and other observations allow for improved analysis of the broadband data. An example of this is shown by using the observations made during a partly cloudy day, which show erratic variations due to passing clouds, and creating a careful estimate of what the radiation budget along the observed line would have been under uniform sky conditions, clear or overcast. Other data from the setup's first deployment, in June 2011 on fast ice near Point Barrow, Alaska, are also shown; these illustrate the rapid changes of the radiation budget during a cold period that led to refreezing and new snow well into the melt season.

Petrology and diagenesis of sandstones at DSDP Hole 58-445

The sandstone succession in the lower 240 meters of DSDP Site 445, on the Daito Ridge, provided an opportunity to evaluate the effect of burial diagenesis of sandstones in a deep hole in a tectonic environment (remnant arc) characterized by a history of high heat flow. This report provides preliminary data concerning the petrology and diagenesis of these sandstones and records diagenetic changes which have occurred with increasing depth of burial. Methods used for this study included grain-size analysis (measured from thin sections using the method of Friedman, 1958), polarizing microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. A JEOL scanning electron microscope fitted with an energydispersive- X-ray detector was used for obtaining qualitative chemical data on certain minerals to aid in identification.