双链RNA病毒诱导的牙鲆胚胎细胞差减cDNA文库的构建

以紫外线灭活的dsRNA病毒草鱼出血病病毒(GCHV)诱导和模拟诱导的牙鲆胚胎细胞为材料,利用抑制性差减杂交(SSH)技术,成功构建了双链RNA病毒诱导的牙鲆胚胎细胞(FEC)差减cDNA文库。以管家基因αtub lin作为差减指标,经检测,该文库差减效率达210倍,表明经病毒诱导后某些差异表达基因也得到了相应倍数的富集。将获得的cDNA片段连接到pGEM T载体,PCR检测显示差减片段在250bp~2 000bp之间。该差减cDNA文库的构建为从分子水平研究牙鲆培养细胞对dsRNA病毒的免疫反应、以及进

稀有鮈鲫与其他模式实验鱼类基因组大小的比较

国家自然科学基金项目 ( 30 2 710 11); 淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室开放课题

CO_2浓度对中肋骨条藻的光合无机碳吸收和胞外碳酸酐酶活性的影响

为探讨低光照(30 μmol·m-2·s-1)和高光照(210 μmol·m-2·s-1)条件下海水CO2浓度变化对海产硅藻中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)的生理影响,对该藻生长及其光合CO2吸收和胞外碳酸酐酶(CAext)活性进行了测定,结果表明,在低光条件下,CO2浓度变化(4～31μmol/L CO2)对该藻的生长和净光合速率的影响比高光条件大.CAext在12和31μmol/L CO2时没有检测出活性;但在4 μmol/L CO2时则有明显活性,且其高光条件下的活性是低光条件

氯氰菊酯对大型溞的毒性研究

研究了农药氯氰菊酯对大型氵蚤的毒性效应 ,结果显示 :氯氰菊酯对大型氵蚤有明显的毒性作用 ,其 2 4h-LC50 为 4.81 mg/L,实验毒性为中级 .同时也研究了国际标准毒物重铬酸钾对大型氵蚤的毒性为 2 4h-LC50 为 0 .3 8mg/L,表明该大型氵蚤对毒物较为敏感 .最后讨论了实验条件对大型氵蚤2 4h-LC50 的影响

S7核糖体蛋白基因序列变异及其在低等鲤科鱼类中的系统发育意义

鲤科是世界鱼类中最大的科,有210余属2010种.为研究其系统发育关系需要筛选合适的DNA标记.将S7核糖体蛋白基因用作遗传标记进行鲤科鱼类的系统发育分析.通过PCR方法,扩增了长度为602bp的胭脂鱼以及长度为655～859bp的16种鲤科鱼类的S7基因内含子1序列.序列排列得到925个排列位点,其中信息位点499个,占全部位点的54％.结果表明,鲤科鱼类S7基因内含子1序列具有丰富的信息位点,并且在亲缘关系不同的物种间存在显著的序列差异.基于S7基因内含子1序列的NJ（neighbor-joining

水体富营养化对大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性的影响

在武汉东湖营养水平不同的四个湖区 ,对大型底栖动物的群落结构和物种多样性进行周年研究。大型底栖动物的物种多样性与营养水平呈相反趋势 ,富营养化导致多样性明显降低。研究还表明 ,霍甫水丝蚓的密度与水体营养水平呈正相关系 ,在超富营养水体中其密度最高 ,年平均 350 2ind ./m2 ,最高可达 1 0 52 4ind ./m2 ,这与其能忍受由于富营养导致的低氧环境有关 ;而在中营养水体中平均密度仅 2 7ind ./m2 。首次讨论了中国长足摇蚊与水体营养水平的关系 ,研究结果显示 ,中国长足摇蚊应属

我国某厂石墨电极废渣中二噁英的指纹特征

研究发现我国氯碱工业中由于采用石墨电极，产生的固体废渣中含有大量二噁英，其总浓度高达 ３７８．８５μｇ／ｋｇ，二噁英各组异构体浓度指纹的特征表现为以四至八氯代的二苯并呋喃（ＰＣＤＦｓ）为主，其中２，３，７，８位氯取代ＰＣＤＦｓ占废渣中总ＰＣＤＦｓ的８０ ％以上，而多氯代二苯并二噁英（ＰＣＤＤｓ）的浓度仅处于０．０１５ μｇ／ｋｇ水平．根据二噁英国际毒性当量因子（Ｉ－ＴＥＦ），计算出该电解废渣的毒性当量（Ｉ－ＴＥＱ）值为 ２１．６５μｇ／ｋｇ，我国电解废渣中二噁英的这种典型的“氯碱指纹”，在该氯碱工业废水排

人工四倍体鲤鲫的产生

在人工诱导的复合三倍体鲤鱼成熟个体中有极个别个体产出的卵既保留了原有的3套染色体,又能与一套外来精核融合产生四倍体。1997年人工产生的8000多尾鲤鲫四倍体鱼经细胞遗传学研究分析鉴定,结果所有的个体都有4套染色体组,染色体数目在185～210之间,众数为200,四倍体比率为100％。这表明人工复合三倍体鲤鱼的生殖方式十分独特,绝大部分个体的成熟卵可借助于外来精子的激动进行自然雌核发育;而有极个别个体的成熟卵能与外来精子融合产生四倍体个体。四倍体鲤鲫的形态特征像鲫鱼。

微型生态系统中浮游动物正磷酸盐排泄率的估算

在考查罗非鱼或鲢、鳙下行影响的微型生态系统实验后期，对其唯一的浮游动物──大型的特定正磷酸盐（PO4－P）排泄率按不同大小级别和培育时间进行了测定，同时估算了该浮游动物种群的PO4－P排泄率。结果表明，大型的特定PO4－P排泄率依其体重的增长呈指数式下降，并且随着培育时间的增加而大大降低。有鱼系统中大型种群的PO4－P排泄率及其与浮游植物PO4－P摄取率的比值都显著地小于无鱼系统，而放养罗非鱼或鳙的系统之二项估算值又明显地比鲢单养系统低。看来，大型种群的磷排泄在鲢单养系统的PO4－P再生中起有一定的作用，

江豚胎儿形态发生及生殖规律的研究

在胚胎发育早期，江豚上颌生有短须：左侧１－３根，右侧２－３根。具有半月形外耳廓。雄性胎儿阴茎露于体外。脐带较短。胎儿运动器官（胸鳍、尾鳍和尾柄）发育较快。随着胚胎的发育，外耳廓消失，阴茎藏于体腔。江豚胚胎发育过程中的这些形态学变化，再现了鲸类祖先在陆上生活的历史，同时也反映了鲸类在二次入水过程中所形成的对水环境的适应。此外。通过对收集的１７头江豚胎儿资料进行统计，结果表明长江江豚胎儿的生长速度约为９．０８ｃｍ／月（Ｏ．３０３ｃｍ／ｄ），妊娠期为９．４个月，交配季节为６－８月份，分娩为３－５月份。

鲮鱼和二代混精鲮鱼低温耐受能力的差异

采用LKB循环冷却装置以程序降温方式比较鲮鱼及二代混精鲮鱼(草鱼混精鲮或多精混精鲮再用草鱼精液进行混精受精所得子代)的耐寒性能。无论是在7.0℃条件下的耐受时间,还是对低温耐受的极限,二代混精鲮鱼均优于鲮鱼,但这种改善是有限的。作者认为,混精受精法不能从根本上解决鲮鱼的不耐寒性能。应该寻求其他更有效的育种途径。

A laboratory-scale buried charge simulator

An experimental technique has been developed in order to mimic the effect of landmine loading on materials and structures to be studied in a laboratory setting, without the need for explosives. Compressed gas is discharged beneath a sand layer, simulating the dynamic flow generated by a buried explosive. High speed photography reveals that the stages of soil motion observed during a landmine blast are replicated. The effect of soil saturation and the depth of the sand layer on sand motion are evaluated. Two series of experiments have been performed with the buried charge simulator to characterise subsequent impact of the sand. First, the time variation in pressure and impulse during sand impact on a stationary target is evaluated using a Kolsky bar apparatus. It is found that the pressure pulse imparted to the Kolsky bar consists of two phases: an initial transient phase of high pressure (attributed to wave propagation effects in the impacting sand), followed by a lower pressure phase of longer duration (due to lateral flow of the sand against the Kolsky bar). Both phases make a significant contribution to the total imparted impulse. It is found that wet sand exerts higher peak pressures and imparts a larger total impulse than dry sand. The level of imparted impulse is determined as a function of sand depth, and of stand-off distance between the sand and the impacted end of the Kolsky bar. The second study uses a vertical impulse pendulum to measure the momentum imparted by sand impact to a target which is free to move vertically. The effect of target mass upon imparted momentum is investigated. It is concluded that the laboratory-scale sand impact apparatus is a flexible tool for investigating the interactions between structures and dynamic sand flows. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Characterization of the surface acoustic wave devices based on ZnO/nanocrystalline diamond structures

Nanocrystalline ZnO films with strong (0002) texture and fine grains were deposited onto ultra-nanocrystalline diamond (UNCD) layers on silicon using high target utilization sputtering technology. The unique characteristic of this sputtering technique allows room temperature growth of smooth ZnO films with a low roughness and low stress at high growth rates. Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices were fabricated on ZnO/UNCD structure and exhibited good transmission signals with a low insertion loss and a strong side-lobe suppression for the Rayleigh mode SAW. Based on the optimization of the layered structure of the SAW device, a good performance with a coupling coefficient of 5.2% has been realized, promising for improving the microfluidic efficiency in droplet transportation comparing with that of the ZnO/Si SAW device. An optimized temperature coefficient of frequency of -23.4 ppm°C-1 was obtained for the SAW devices with the 2.72 μm-thick ZnO and 1.1 μm-thick UNCD film. Significant thermal effect due to the acoustic heating has been redcued which is related to the temperature stability of the ZnO/UNCD SAW device. © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Cabaret finite-difference schemes for the one-dimensional Euler equations

In the present paper we consider second order compact upwind schemes with a space split time derivative (CABARET) applied to one-dimensional compressible gas flows. As opposed to the conventional approach associated with incorporating adjacent space cells we use information from adjacent time layer to improve the solution accuracy. Taking the first order Roe scheme as the basis we develop a few higher (i.e. second within regions of smooth solutions) order accurate difference schemes. One of them (CABARET3) is formulated in a two-time-layer form, which makes it most simple and robust. Supersonic and subsonic shock-tube tests are used to compare the new schemes with several well-known second-order TVD schemes. In particular, it is shown that CABARET3 is notably more accurate than the standard second-order Roe scheme with MUSCL flux splitting.