Coupling geomorphology parameters with lithology for micro-level groundwater resource assessment: a case study from semi-arid hard rock terrain in Tamil Nadu, India

The standard procedure of groundwater resource estimation in India till date is based on the specific yield parameters of each rock type (lithology) derived through pumping test analysis. Using the change in groundwater level, specific yield, and area of influence, groundwater storage change could be estimated. However, terrain conditions in the form of geomorphological variations have an important bearing on the net groundwater recharge. In this study, an attempt was made to use both lithology and geomorphology as input variables to estimate the recharge from different sources in each lithology unit influenced by the geomorphic conditions (lith-geom), season wise separately. The study provided a methodological approach for an evaluation of groundwater in a semi-arid hard rock terrain in Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India. While characterizing the gneissic rock, it was found that the geomorphologic variations in the gneissic rock due to weathering and deposition behaved differently with respect to aquifer recharge. The three different geomorphic units identified in gneissic rock (pediplain shallow weathered (PPS), pediplain moderate weathered (PPM), and buried pediplain moderate (BPM)) showed a significant variation in recharge conditions among themselves. It was found from the study that Peninsular gneiss gives a net recharge value of 0.13 m/year/unit area when considered as a single unit w.r.t. lithology, whereas the same area considered with lith-geom classes gives recharge values between 0.1 and 0.41 m/year presenting a different assessment. It is also found from this study that the stage of development (SOD) for each lith-geom unit in Peninsular gneiss varies from 168 to 230 %, whereas the SOD is 223 % for the lithology as a single unit.

Influencia de rotación de cultivos y métodos de control sobre la dinámica de las malezas y el crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento del sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) var. D-55)

En la Estación Experimental de Las Mercedes municipio de Managua, se inició en la época de postrera en 1991, un experimento de rotación de cultivos bajo diferentes niveles de control de malezas. El presente trabajo evaluó el efecto de los cultivos antecesores sorgo, maíz y pepino con tres niveles de control de malezas : químico, período crítico y limpias periódicas a la dinámica de la cenosis de malezas, crecimiento y rendimiento del cultivo sucesor sorgo. Cuando antecedió el pepino la abundancia de maleza fue mayor con 504 Ind/m2 reduciéndose considerablemente a la cosecha obteniendo una biomasa promedio de 133.9 gr/m2. Sucedió lo contrario con maíz como cultivo antecesor ya que al principio la abundancia fue de 201 Ind/m2 y se obtuvo la mayor biomasa con 259.8 gr/m2 y para sorgo-sorgo tuvo valores de 232 Ind/m2 y a la cosecha en menor valor en biomasa de sorgo 130.0 gr/m2. En el rendimiento se enmarcó una tendencia a favor de maíz como cultivo antecesor con 1878 Kg/ha de sorgo, mientras sorgo-sorgo obtuvo un rendimiento de 1839 Kg/ha comparándose con pepino como antecesor con 1832 Kg/ha de sorgo. Comparando los controles aquí hubo diferencias significativas y en mayor valor le correspondió al control químico con 2048.0 Kg/ha, control período crítico con 1786 Kg/ha y el menor valor le correspondió a limpia periódica con sólo 1715 Kg/ha. En el control período crítico presentó mayor abundancia la maleza al inicio con 444 Ind/m2, teniendo una reducción hasta 62 Ind/m2 en la cosecha. El control químico tuvo un comportamiento similar que el control período crítico con 295 Ind/m2, reduciendo al final del ciclo con 135 Ind/m2. El control limpias periódicas tuvo al inicio la menor abundancia con 200 Ind/m2, reduciendo a la cosecha a 3 Ind/m2.

带压作业修井装置的研制

介绍了国内外带压作业装置的技术现状,叙述了国内自主开发的带压作业修井装置的基本设计原理、部件设计、操作规程和目前涉及到的主要力学问题,为我国带压作业装置的研究和设计提供借鉴.

Producción de plantas libres de virus y morfogénesis indirecta a partir del cultivo de meristemo de tres genotipos de quequisque (Xanthosoma saggittifolium (L) Schott

Se establecieron dos ensayos con el objetivo de determinar en que condición de cultivo se induce: 1) mayor cantidad de plantas libres del DMV diagnosticado con la prueba ELISA; 2) mayor cantidad de callos y plantas regeneradas a partir de callos en tres genotipos de quequisque. Ambos ensayos se iniciaron utilizando meristemos como explantes. Los ensayos se establecieron en esquema de diseño DCA bifactorial: a) genotipos de quequisque, Masaya (My), Nueva Guinea (NG) y Blanco (Bco); b) 5 variantes medios de cultivos. Se realizaron 3 pruebas ELISA a plantas de los tres genotipos que presentasen síntomas del DMV en el campo, a plantas del campo seleccionadas al azar y a plantas provenientes del cultivo de meristemos. En el ensayo de saneamiento del DMV se empleó en el medio MS suplido con combinaciones de AIA y 6-BAP, y para el ensayo de producción de callos se utilizaron combinaciones de 2,4-D y 6-BAP. La regeneración de plantas a partir de callos se logró en el medio MS sencillo. El desarrollo de los explantes en el primer ensayo se cuantificó utilizando escalas arbitrarias para el color y el crecimiento. En el segundo ensayo se utilizó una escala para medir el desarrollo. A los datos de cada variable se realizó un ANDEVA y la prueba de rangos múltiples Tukey, al α= 0.05, cuando hubo diferencias estadísticas entre tratamientos. Cien porciento de las muestras de hojas de plantas de los 3 genotipos que presentaban síntomas del DMV en el campo, resultaron positivas. Las plantas del campo de los genotipos My, NG y Bco elegidas al azar, registraron 88.32, 98.70 y el 90.00% de infección con el DMV; en cambio las plantas in vitro registraron 93.7, 100 y 100% libres de DMV en los mismos genotiposrespectivamente. A los 90 días de establecido el primer ensayo, el medio MS sin reguladores de crecimiento resultó estadísticamente superior con 84% de explantes creciendo y 8% plantas formadas. El medio MS + 1 mgl-16-BAP + 1 mgl-1 AIA registró los valores más discretos con 53% de explantes sin crecer y 41% plantas creciendo. El genotipo My fue superior en todos los medios con 90% de explantes creciendo y 7% plantas formadas. El genotipo Bco registró los más bajos valores con 58% de explantes sin crecer y 5% plantas formadas. Las variables color y crecimiento reportaron similar comportamiento. El medio de cultivo testigo fue estadísticamente superior con 64% de explantes color verde, 30% amarillo y 6% necróticos. El genotipo My sobresalió con 40% de explantes amarillos y 60% verdes. Los genotipos NG y Bco tuvieron comportamientos similares. En el ensayo de producción de callos, tres tratamientos resultaron estadísticamente superiores: el genotipo NG en el medio MS + 3 mgl-12,4-D (60% de explantes formando callos) y el genotipo Masaya en los medios MS+ 5 mg l-12,4-D y MS + 3 mg l-12,4-D (26.7 y 40% callos formados, respectivamente). No se registraron diferencias estadísticas entre los genotipos (16, 17 y 17% callos formados). El medio de cultivo MS + 3 mg l-12,4-D indujo la formación de 4% callos y 44% plantas. El medio de cultivo testigo (MS sin reguladores de crecimiento) resultó en 47% explantes sin crecer y ningún callo formado. Después de los 60 días del trasplante de los callos a un medio sin hormonas, los genotipos Masaya, Nueva Guinea y Blanco reportaron que el 94, 83 y 58 % regeneraron yemas respectivamente.

“La Generación exiliada” y su imagen de Rosas a través de la prensa : comparación entre “El Grito Argentino y Muera Rosas!”

Resumen: El presente artículo analiza y compara el discurso verbal de El Grito Argentino (1839) y Muera Rosas! (1841-1842), dos periódicos antirrosistas publicados en Montevideo por jóvenes intelectuales emigrados de la “generación del 37”. Distribuidos secretamente en Buenos Aires y las provincias del litoral, su propósito era movilizar a los sectores antirrosistas en contextos de crisis del gobierno de Juan Manuel de Rosas. Este estudio focaliza especialmente en los distintos recursos proselitistas empleados así como el público al que ambos estaban destinados. Con el apoyo de fuentes históricas y correspondencia de la época, el artículo también aborda las relaciones que los jóvenes emigrados mantenían entre sí y con los dirigentes unitarios también exiliados en la Banda Oriental.

Letras, 2001, nº 44 (número completo)

Contenido: Letras cumple veinte años -- A, El cuento rioplatense del periodo neoclásico (1700-1830) / Pedro Luis Barcia -- Luces y sombras en la música española del siglo XVIII / Juan Pablo Bardin – Un secreto a voces: Borges-Rimbaud / Marta Vanbiesem de Burbridge -- José Cardiel, Gonzalo de Doblas. Percepciones de América y heterogeneidad en el siglo XVIII / Roxana Gardes de Fernández – La segunda vida de Anita Ozores / Verónica Zumárraga -- El binarismo simétrico como operador del humor en II servitore di due padroni de Carlo Goldoni / Daniel Capano – La casa de Bulemann de Theodor Storm: estrategias narrativas para una intriga de la degradación / Adriana C. Cid – Conradino de Suabia en un poema de Aleardi / Dolores de Durañona y Vedia – Imágenes, concepción y escritura del cuerpo en la obra de Balzac / Ana María Llurba – Reseñas bibliográficas

阿尔文涨落与地球磁层亚暴

本文讨论了一种地球磁层的亚暴机制。当行星际磁场有大的南向分量时,磁层的位形可由基本闭式转变为开式。磁鞘中的阿尔文波可以携带超过10~(18)尔格/秒的能流传入磁层尾部,并将能量耗散于等离子体片中。等离子体片中的粒子被加热和加速后,注入近地空间,产生环电流和极区亚暴。计算了剪切流场中阿尔文波的传播过程,以及磁层中阿尔文波的耗散。将本文的结算与[4]中的结果合在一起,可以说明当行星际磁场转向南时,容易发生地球磁层亚暴,但这两者并非一一对应的关系,行星际磁场没有南向分量时也可以发生地球磁层亚暴。

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 047]

Populares falam sobre a pena de morte. Amaral Netto (PDS-RJ) pede a pena de morte para crimes hediondos como: sequestro, roubo, assalto e estupro seguidos de morte, mesma opinião de quase 70% dos cinco mil cidadãos que enviaram propostas populares à Constituinte sobre este tema. Maurício Corrêa (PDT-DF) é contra, pois para ele a pena não tem função pedagógica ou terapêutica. Darcy Pozza (PDS-RS), relator da Subcomissão dos Direitos e Garantias Individuais, dá parecer contrário a pena máxima, permitindo-a apenas em tempos de guerra. Amaral Netto pede plebiscito nacional para saber a opinião do povo. José Genoíno (PT-SP) acredita que o plebiscito não é indicado por ser suscetível a fatores emocionais. Bernardo Cabral (PMDB-AM), relator da Comissão de Sistematização da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (ANC), disse que se houver plebiscito e este for favorável, ele atenderá a manifestação popular. A Subcomissão dos Direitos Políticos, dos Direitos Coletivos e Garantias quer ampliar o direito dos cidadãos permitindo o voto aos 16 anos. Menores falam sobre a medida. Ubiratan Spinelli (PDS-MT) diz que o menor tem capacidade de voto. Lúcia Vânia (PMDB-GO) é contrária à medida, pois implica na responsabilidade civil e penal.

Flood of September 20-23, 1969 in the Gadsden County area, Florida

The center of low pressure of a tropical disturbance which moved northward in the Gulf of Mexico, reached land between Panama City and Port St. Joe, Florida, on September 20, 1969. This system was nearly stationary for 48 hours producing heavy rainfall in the Quincy-Havana area, 70-80 miles northeast of the center. Rainfall associated with the tropical disturbance exceeded 20 inches over a part of Gadsden County, Florida, during September 20 through 23, 1969, and the maximum rainfall of record occurred at Quincy with 10.87 inches during a 6-hour period on September 21. The 48-hour maximum of 17.71 inches exceeded the 1 in 100-year probability of 16 inches for a 7-day period. The previous maximum rainfall of record at Quincy (more than 12 inches) was on September 14-15, 1924. The characteristics of this historical storm were similar in path and effect to the September 1969 tropical disturbance. Peak runoff from a 1.4-square mile area near Midway, Florida, was 1,540 cfs (cubic feet per second) per square mile. A peak discharge of 45,600 cfs on September 22 at the gaging station on the Little River near Quincy exceeded the previous peak of 25,400 cfs which occurred on December 4, 1964. The peak discharge of 89,400 cfs at Ochlockonee River near Bloxham exceeded the April 1948 peak of 50,200 cfs, which was the previous maximum of record, by 1.8 times. Many flood-measurement sites had peak discharges in excess of that of a 50-year flood. Nearly $200,000 was spent on emergency repairs to roads. An additional $520,000 in contractual work was required to replace four bridges that were destroyed. Agricultural losses were estimated at $1,000,000. (44 page document)

Shoreline erosion due to extreme storms and sea level rise

A summary is presented of research conducted on beach erosion associated with extreme storms and sea level rise. These results were developed by the author and graduate students under sponsorship of the University of Delaware Sea Grant Program. Various shoreline response problems of engineering interest are examined. The basis for the approach is a monotonic equilibrium profile of the form h = Ax2 /3 in which h is water depth at a distance x from the shoreline and A is a scale parameter depending primarily on sediment characteristics and secondarily on wave characteristics. This form is shown to be consistent with uniform wave energy dissipation per unit volume. The dependency of A on sediment size is quantified through laboratory and field data. Quasi-static beach response is examined to represent the effect of sea level rise. Cases considered include natural and seawalled profiles. To represent response to storms of realistic durations, a model is proposed in which the offshore transport is proportional to the "excess" energy dissipation per unit volume. The single rate constant in this model was evaluated based on large scale wave tank tests and confirmed with Hurricane Eloise pre- and post-storm surveys. It is shown that most hurricanes only cause 10% to 25% of the erosion potential associated with the peak storm tide and wave conditions. Additional applications include profile response employing a fairly realistic breaking model in which longshore bars are formed and long-term (500 years) Monte Carlo simulation including the contributions due to sea level rise and random storm occurrences. (PDF has 67 pages.)

Some considerations on coastal processes relevant to sea level rise

The effects of potential sea level rise on the shoreline and shore environment have been briefly examined by considering the interactions between sea level rise and relevant coastal processes. These interactions have been reviewed beginning with a discussion of the need to reanalyze previous estimates of eustatic sea level rise and compaction effects in water level measurement. This is followed by considerations on sea level effects on coastal and estuarine tidal ranges, storm surge and water level response, and interaction with natural and constructed shoreline features. The desirability to reevaluate the well known Bruun Rule for estimating shoreline recession has been noted. The mechanics of ground and surface water intrusion with reference to sea level rise are then reviewed. This is followed by sedimentary processes in the estuaries including wetland response. Finally comments are included on some probable effects of sea level rise on coastal ecosystems. These interactions are complex and lead to shoreline evolution (under a sea level rise) which is highly site-specific. Models which determine shoreline change on the basis of inundation of terrestrial topography without considering relevant coastal processes are likely to lead to erroneous shoreline scenarios, particularly where the shoreline is composed of erodible sedimentary material. With some exceptions, present day knowledge of shoreline response to hydrodynamic forcing is inadequate for long-term quantitative predictions. A series of interrelated basic and applied research issues must be addressed in the coming decades to determine shoreline response to sea level change with an acceptable degree of confidence. (PDF contains 189 pages.)

Flood of June 9, 1957, at Perry, Florida

Floods occurred on streams in the vicinity of Perry, Taylor County, Florida, on June 9, 1957, as a result of heavy rains from atropical disturbance. Serious flooding occurred in Perry along Spring and Pimple creeks as outlined by the shaded area in figure 1, requiring the evacuation of about ZOO families from the lowland area. No loss of life was reported. The damages to residential and commercial properties were estimated at several million dollars. Most of the damage was confined to residential areas (fig. 2); however, several stores in the area were damaged by flood waters (fig. 3). This report presents data pertaining to the rainfall accompanying this storm and peak flows of Spring and Pimple creeks in Perry. It contains flood elevations at several points, and peak discharges of the two creeks flowing through Perry. The report also contains a discussion of the rainfall associated with the flood and a description of the general features of the flood. (PDF contains 16 pages.)

Estimating above-ground biomass of Melaleuca quinquenervia in Florida, USA

One hundred and thirty-eight Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S. T. Blake (broad-leaved paperbark) trees were harvested from six sites in South Florida to formulate regression equations for estimating tree above-ground dry weight.

Some effects of Hurricane Agnes on water quality in the Patuxent River Estuary

A post-Agnes study that emphasized environmental factors was carried out on the Patuxent River estuary with weekly sampling at eight stations from 28 June t o 30 August 1972. Spatial and temporal changes in the distribution of many factors , e.g., salinity , dissolved oxygen, seston, particulate carbon and nitrogen, inorganic and organic fractions of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus, and chlorophyll a were studied and compared t o extensive earlier records. Patterns shown by the present data were compared especially with a local heavy storm that occurred in the Patuxent drainage basin during July 1969. Estimates were made of the amounts of material contributed via upland drainage. A first approximation indicated that 14.8 x l0 (3) metric tons of seston were contributed t o the head of the estuary between 21 and 24 June. (PDF contains 46 pages)

The African slave trade and its remedy

Esta edição é revista e aumentada, com mais do dobro de páginas da edição primitiva, de 1839, que continha 240 páginas. Buxton, presidente da Sociedade para a Extinção do Tráfico de Escravos, apresenta um detalhadíssimo estudo do comércio de negros, desde a África Central e ambas as costas do Continente, até o Brasil, os Estados Unidos, Cuba, etc. Há estimativas de mortalidade em todos os estágios do cativeiro. A maior parte das referências são sobre Cuba e o Brasil. É um clássico pioneiro dos estudos sobre escravidão.