固体破坏的损伤演化诱致突变现象

介绍了基于细观非线性动力学模型的研究所取得的进展。发现系统显示一种共性特征，称为演化诱致突变，即演化模式从整体稳定向灾变性模式转变，宏观破坏的样本个性行为，以及宏观性质对细观无序性的敏感性。

天然淡水冰单轴压缩强度及其温度和应变率效应

本文报道了在不同温度和不同应变率下天然淡水冰单轴压缩强度的实验结果。指出S—l型柱状晶粒冰的压缩强度随着温度的降低而增加,极限压缩强度在应变率为10~(-4)S(-1)时有一个最大值。本实验的应变率范围是10~(-5)—10~0s~(-1)。10~(-1)—10~0s~(-1)的应变率范围是在冲击速度lm/s左右的实验条件下获得的,这个速度接近于浮冰与海上结构物相撞的情况。以本实验为基础,有希望发展对海冰的实验技术。

扩散型连续波HF化学激光器小信号增益的计算

应用层流边界层二维简化模型计算了扩散型连续波HF化学激光器的小信号增益。研究了气流速度、温度、组份对增益的影响,得到一些有用的结果。计算结果与二维Navier-Stokes方程组的计算结果相符,但计算方法较简单。

论流体运动稳定性理论的两种方法

<正> 流体运动稳定问题是流体力学理论中的一个重要课题。它以研究层流如何转变为湍流为主要目的。近一个世纪以来,理论和实验已取得很大进展,但距离最后解决问题还很远。Lin和Chandrasekhar总结了早期用简正模法研究的结果。最近,Joseph,Drazin和Reid作了进一步综述,特别总结了近年来非线性稳定理论的进展。Swinney所编《流体运动不稳定和湍流的发生》对这一研究领域最新结果作了全面评述。

有关压力传感器动态校准和动态性能评价的几个问题

在本文中,作者根据简单的线性系统分析和实践中的体会,对压力传感器的动态校准和动态性能的评价提出下列几点看法:(1)阶跃压力是较理想的动态校准压力源;激波管可以作为标准动态压力标准装置(微压传感器除外)。(2)压力传感器的主要动态性能指标为:上升时间、超调量、振荡频率或谐振频率、冲击加速度灵敏度。(3)压力传感器的校准可采用静态校准和动态校准相结合的方法,没有必要在整个量程范围内进行动态校准。用“动态灵敏度”来概括压力传感器的动态性能是不确切的。

应力波在线性磁滞体中的衰减

通过对爆炸在岩石中产生的应力波的物理分析,判断岩石应力应变关系的磁滞效应可能是应力波在岩石中衰减的主要物理机制.在线性磁滞模型下,用拉氏变换和渐近展开方法,求得应力波传播的解析解.特别是得到了应力波头以方式衰减的应力波的特解.这种解所具有的一系列特性(波形自相似,波形特征,走时和半衰期的关系,动力学和运动学参量的峰值等)与实践观测结果及已有经验公式有相当好的一致性.并表明衰减指数l仅由磁滞参数α和参数Q确定,Q为无量纲应力波头导数的绝对值.因此,这个模型可作为进一步分析物理机制和建立经验公式的基础.

On the unstable stacking criterion for ideal and cracked copper-crystals

The unstable stacking criteria for an ideal copper crystal under homogeneous shearing and for a cracked copper crystal under pure mode II loading are analysed. For the ideal crystal under homogeneous shearing, the unstable stacking energy gamma(us) defined by Rice in 1992 results from shear with no relaxation in the direction normal to the slip plane. For the relaxed shear configuration, the critical condition for unstable stacking does not correspond to the relative displacement Delta = b(p)/2, where b(p) is the Burgers vector magnitude of the Shockley partial dislocation, but to the maximum shear stress. Based on this result, the unstable stacking energy Gamma(us) is defined for the relaxed lattice. For the cracked crystal under pure mode II loading, the dislocation configuration corresponding to Delta = b(p)/2 is a stable state and no instability occurs during the process of dislocation nucleation. The instability takes place at approximately Delta = 3b(p)/4. An unstable stacking energy Pi(us) is defined which corresponds to the unstable stacking state at which the dislocation emission takes place. A molecular dynamics method is applied to study this in an atomistic model and the results verify the analysis above.

Energy conversions and storage caused by an unsteady poloidal flow in active solar regions

In this paper we discuss coupling processes between a magnetic field and an unsteady plasma motion, and analyze the features of energy storage and conversions in active region. It is pointed out that the static force-free field is insufficient for a discussion of storage processes, and also the pure unsteady plasma rotation is not a perfect approach. In order to analyze the energy storage, we must consider the addition of poloidal plasma motion. The paper shows that because the unsteady poloidal flow is added and coupling occurs between the magnetic field and both the toroidal and the poloidal plasma flows, an unsteady process is maintained which changes the force-free factor with time. Hence, the energy in the lower levels can be transferred to the upper levels, and a considerable energy can be stored in the active region. Finally, another storage process is given which is due to the pure poloidal flow. The article shows that even if there is no twisted magnetic line of force, the energy in the lower levels may still be transferred to the upper levels and stored there.