Effect of cast rectifiers on the marginal fit of UCLA abutments

Objectives: This study assessed the effect of cast rectifiers on the marginal misfit of cast UCLA abutments compared to premachined UCLA abutments. The influence of casting and porcelain baking on the marginal misfit of these components was also investigated. Methods: Two groups were analyzed: test group - 10 cast UCLA abutments, finished with cast rectifier and submitted to ceramic application; control group - 10 premachined UCLA abutments, cast with noble metal alloy and submitted to ceramic application. Vertical misfit measurements were performed under light microscopy. In the test group, measurements were performed before and after the use of cast rectifiers, and after ceramic application. In the control group, measurements were performed before and after casting, and after ceramic application. Data were submitted to statistical analysis by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α= 5%). Results: The use of cast rectifiers significantly reduced the marginal misfit of cast UCLA abutments (from 25.68μm to 14.83μm; p<0.05). After ceramic application, the rectified cylinders presented misfit values (16.18μm) similar to those of premachined components (14.3 μm). Casting of the premachined UCLA abutments altered the marginal misfit of these components (from 9.63 μm to 14.6 μm; p<0.05). There were no significant changes after porcelain baking, in both groups. Conclusion: The use of cast rectifiers reduced the vertical misfit of cast UCLA abutments. Even with carefully performed laboratory steps, changes at the implant interface of premachined UCLA abutments occurred. Ceramic application did not alter the marginal misfit values of UCLA abutments.

Detection of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus in dental plaque samples from Brazilian preschool children by polymerase chain reaction

The purposes of this study were to detect S. mutans and S. sobrinus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, and to relate their presence to the incidence of dental caries in 42 Brazilian preschool children. Dental plaque samples were collected from the cervical margin of all erupted teeth of 5-6 years old children with primary dentition, using a sterile explorer. Examination of the dmft (decayed, missing, filled teeth) index, performed following the World Health Organization (WHO) caries diagnostic criteria, showed a 2.71 score. Prevalence of S. mutans and S. sobrinus was respectively, of 85.7% and 14.3%; no dental plaque sample was either positive or negative for both bacterial species. Children harboring either S. mutans or S. sobrinus presented the same caries prevalence. PCR showed good discriminative ability for differentiation between these species, and suggested that it is a technique suitable for epidemiological studies on mutans streptococci.

Abnormal hemoglobin phenotypes in carriers of mild anemia in Latin America.

We looked for abnormal hemoglobins in blood samples sent for diagnosis of anemia. Identification of the hemoglobins was made using electrophoretic, chromatographic and molecular procedures. The 2020 blood samples were of patients from various regions of Brazil and from some other Latin American countries. Among the abnormal hemoglobins that we found, 3.5% are known to be rare, while 51% had an electrophoretic profile similar to that of Hb S at alkaline pH. Differentiation was possible only by combining electrophoretic and chromatographic methods. Hb Hasharon, an alpha globin chain mutant, was the most frequently found variant hemoglobin; it accounted for 14.3% of the abnormal DNA samples. The other abnormal hemoglobin phenotypes displayed distinct electrophoretic profiles; most of them migrated faster than Hb A. The frequencies of the different abnormal hemoglobin profiles that we found reflect the miscegenation of the Latin American population and indicate the importance of hemoglobin studies using various methods in combination for accurate diagnosis and appropriate counseling of carriers and their families.

Fig tree orchard formation using organic fertilization

The present work aimed at evaluating the effects of cattle manure fertilization on the growth and yield of fig trees. The cultivar 'Roxo de Valinhos' was used. One-, two-, three-and four-year-old trees were treated with cattle manure containing 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of the recommended nitrogen level per plant. The experiment was carried out using randomized blocks with 7 treatments, 5 replicates and 5 plants per experimental plot. The evaluated characteristics were: plant height, stem diameter, secondary branch length and diameter, yield per plant (kg plant-1), besides some quality characteristics of fruits such as pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids and texture. Manure application enhanced plant growth and fruit production. Significant differences were observed only for soluble solids content, pH and texture, which varied according to the crop cycle. After four crop cycles (2002/03, 2003/04, 2004/05 and 2005/06), the best results (about 5.0 kg of fruits per plant) were obtained with 100% of the recommended nitrogen dose, which corresponded to 14.3 kg of cattle manure per plant, in the last crop cycle (2005/2006).

Nicaragua: el papel de los municipios como instrumento para el combate de la pobreza

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Relationship between anxiety and chronic orofacial pain of temporomandibular disorder in a group of university students

Purpose: This study evaluated the relationship between anxiety levels and severity degrees of chronic orofacial pain of temporomandibular disorder in brazilian university students. Methods: 150 volunteers (117 men and 33 women), with age ranging from 17 to 30 years, were subjects to this study. Spielberger's trait-state anxiety inventory was used to evaluate trait and state anxiety of the students, while examination for chronic orofacial pain was performed in accordance with the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Association between anxiety levels and severity degrees of chronic orofacial pain was tested using the Chi-square test. The significance level was set at p<.05. Results: The results showed that 32.7% (n = 49) of the subjects exhibited TMD, and the intensity of chronic orofacial pain was classified as degree 1 in 85.7% (n = 42) and as degree 2 in 14.3% (n = 7) of them. Based on the results of the Spielberger's trait-state anxiety inventory, the majority of the students had moderate anxiety (48.6% and 48.1%, respectively). The correlation between trait-anxiety levels and chronic orofacial pain degrees was significant and positive (p<.05). However, no significant correlation was found to state-anxiety levels and chronic orofacial pain degrees (p>.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that chronic orofacial pain of TMD could be present in university students and anxiety may be related. © 2010 Japan Prosthodontic Society. Published by Elsevier Ireland. All rights reserved.

Effect of Cycling Exercise at Different Pedal Cadences on Subsequent Muscle Strength

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Antimicrobial effects of ozonated water on the sanitization of dental instruments contaminated with E. coli, S. aureus, C. albicans, or the spores of B. atrophaeus

Objectives: Ozone has been used as an alternative method for the decontamination of water, food, equipment and instruments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of ozonated water on the sanitization of dental instruments that were contaminated by Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and the spores of Bacillus atrophaeus. Methods: A total of one hundred and twenty standardized samples of diamond dental burs were experimentally contaminated with E. coli (ATCC 25922), S. aureus (ATCC 6538) and C. albicans (ATCC 18804) and the spores of B. atrophaeus (ATCC 6633) for 30min. After the contamination, the samples were exposed to ozonated water (10mg/L O3) for 10 or 30min. The control group was composed of samples that were exposed to distilled water for 30min. After the exposure to the ozonated water, 0.1mL aliquots were seeded onto BHI agar to count the colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) of E. coli, S. aureus, and B. atrophaeus. Sabouraud dextrose agar was used to count the CFU/mL of C. albicans. The results were subjected to an analysis of variance and the Tukey test. Results: For all of the microorganisms studied, the ozonated water reduced the number of CFU/mL after 10 and 30. min of sanitization, and this microbial reduction was dependent on the duration of the exposure to the ozonated water. E. coli exhibited the greatest reduction in CFU/mL (2.72-3.78. log) followed by S. aureus (2.14-3.19. log), C. albicans (1.44-2.14. log) and the spores of B. atrophaeus (1.01-1.98. log). Conclusion: The ozonated water was effective in reducing the CFU of E. coli, S. aureus, C. albicans and B. atrophaeus spores, suggesting that ozonated water can be used for the sanitization of dental instruments. © 2012 King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences.

Wound healing of dehiscence defects following different root conditioning modalities: An experimental study in dogs

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the periodontal healing pattern of dehiscence-type defects following different chemical root conditioning modalities. Materials and methods: Buccal osseous dehiscence defects were created on six teeth of seven dogs. After dental plaque accumulation, defects were treated with sterile saline solution (control group) or one chemical conditioning modality: citric acid (CA group), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA group), tetracycline (TTC group), citric acid + tetracycline (CA + TTC group), or tetracycline + citric acid (TTC + CA group). After 3 months of healing, clinical parameters were evaluated, and the animals were killed. Histological sections were processed, and a computer-assisted histometric analysis was used to evaluate the formation of new cementum, new bone, and epithelial apical migration. Results: All treatments yielded significant improvements in terms of probing depth decrease and clinical attachment level gain compared to baseline values; however, without significant differences among the groups (p > 0.05; one-way ANOVA). The highest amount of new cementum was noted in the EDTA group (3.72 ± 0.83 mm, 77.6 %), while the lowest amount of new bone was observed in the TTC group (0.7 ± 0.94 mm, 14.3 %). However, no statistically significant differences could be observed among the groups regarding epithelial apical migration, new cementum, and alveolar bone formation (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Chemical root surface conditioning did not promote any significant improvement in periodontal healing pattern of dehiscence-type defects in dogs. Clinical Relevance: Chemical root surface conditioning after surgical debridement did not promote positive or negative effects on periodontal healing pattern of dehiscence-type defects. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Characterization of a glucose- and solvent-tolerant extracellular tannase from Aspergillus phoenicis

Tannases have attracted wider attention because of their biotechnological potential, especially enzymes from filamentous fungi and other microorganisms. However, the biodiversity of these microorganisms has been poorly explored, and few strains were identified for tannase production and characterization. This article describes the production, purification and characterization of a glucose- and solvent-tolerant extracellular tannase from Aspergillus phoenicis. High enzymatic levels were obtained in Khanna medium containing tannic acid up to 72 h at 30 °C under 100 rpm. The purified enzyme with 65% of carbohydrate content had an apparent native molecular mass of 218 kDa with subunits of 120 kDa and 93 kDa and was stable at 50 °C for 1 h. Optima of temperature and pH were 60 °C and 5.0-6.5, respectively. The enzyme was not affected significantly by most ions, detergents and organic solvents. While glucose did not affect the tannase activity, the addition of a high concentration of gallic acid did. The Km values were 1.7 mM (tannic acid), 14.3 mM (methyl-gallate) and 0.6 mM (propyl-gallate). The enzyme was able to catalyze the transesterification reaction to produce propyl-gallate. All biochemical properties suggest the biotechnological potential of the glucose- and solvent-tolerant tannase from A. phoenicis. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Search for contact interactions using the inclusive jet pT spectrum in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

Results are reported of a search for a deviation in the jet production cross section from the prediction of perturbative quantum chromodynamics at next-to-leading order. The search is conducted using a 7 TeV proton-proton data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb-1, collected with the Compact Muon Solenoid detector at the Large Hadron Collider. A deviation could arise from interactions characterized by a mass scale Λ too high to be probed directly at the LHC. Such phenomena can be modeled as contact interactions. No evidence of a deviation is found. Using the CL s criterion, lower limits are set on Λ of 9.9 TeV and 14.3 TeV at 95% confidence level for models with destructive and constructive interference, respectively. Limits obtained with a Bayesian method are also reported. © 2013 CERN.

Durability of Adhesion between Feldspathic Ceramic and Resin Cements: Effect of Adhesive Resin, Polymerization Mode of Resin Cement, and Aging

Purpose: Adhesive cementation is an important step for restorations made of feldspathic ceramic as it increases the strength of such materials. Incorrect selection of the adhesive resin and the resin cement to adhere to the ceramic surface and their durability against aging can affect the adhesion between these materials and the clinical performance. This study evaluated the effect of adhesive resins with different pHs, resin cements with different polymerization modes, and aging on the bond strength to feldspathic ceramic. Materials and Methods: One surface of feldspathic ceramic blocks (VM7) (N = 90) (6.4 × 6.4 × 4.8 mm3) was conditioned with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 20 seconds, washed/dried, and silanized. Three adhesive resins (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus [SBMP], pH: 5.6; Single Bond [SB], pH: 3.4; and Prime&Bond NT [NT], pH: 1.7) were applied on the ceramic surfaces (n = 30 per adhesive). For each adhesive group, three resin cements with different polymerization modes were applied (n = 10 per cement): photo-polymerized (Variolink II base), dual polymerized (Variolink II base + catalyst), and chemically polymerized (C&B). The bonded ceramic blocks were stored in water (37°C) for 24 hours and sectioned to produce beam specimens (cross-sectional bonded area: 1 ± 0.1 mm2). The beams of each block were randomly divided into two conditions: Dry, microtensile test immediately after cutting; TC, test was performed after thermocycling (12,000×, 5°C to 55°C) and water storage at 37°C for 150 days. Considering the three factors of the study (adhesive [3 levels], resin cement [3 levels], aging [2 levels]), 18 groups were studied. The microtensile bond strength data were analyzed using 3-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α= 0.05). Results: Adhesive resin type (p < 0.001) and the resin cement affected the mean bond strength (p= 0.0003) (3-way ANOVA). The NT adhesive associated with the chemically polymerized resin cement in both dry (8.8 ± 6.8 MPa) and aged conditions (6.9 ± 5.9 MPa) presented statistically lower bond strength results, while the SBMP adhesive resin, regardless of the resin cement type, presented the highest results (15.4 to 18.5 and 14.3 to 18.9 MPa) in both dry and aged conditions, respectively (Tukey's test). Conclusion: Application of a low-pH adhesive resin onto a hydrofluoric acid etched and silanized feldspathic ceramic surface in combination with chemically polymerized resin cement did not deliver favorable results. The use of adhesive resin with high pH could be clinically advised for the photo-, dual-, and chemically polymerized resin cements tested. © 2012 by the American College of Prosthodontists.

Baclofen into the lateral parabrachial nucleus induces hypertonic sodium chloride intake during cell dehydration

Background: Activation of GABAB receptors with baclofen into the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) induces ingestion of water and 0.3 M NaCl in fluid replete rats. However, up to now, no study has investigated the effects of baclofen injected alone or combined with GABAB receptor antagonist into the LPBN on water and 0.3 M NaCl intake in rats with increased plasma osmolarity (rats treated with an intragastric load of 2 M NaCl). Male Wistar rats with stainless steel cannulas implanted bilaterally into the LPBN were used.Results: In fluid replete rats, baclofen (0.5 nmol/0.2 μl), bilaterally injected into the LPBN, induced ingestion of 0.3 M NaCl (14.3 ± 4.1 vs. saline: 0.2 ± 0.2 ml/210 min) and water (7.1 ± 2.9 vs. saline: 0.6 ± 0.5 ml/210 min). In cell-dehydrated rats, bilateral injections of baclofen (0.5 and 1.0 nmol/0.2 μl) into the LPBN induced an increase of 0.3 M NaCl intake (15.6 ± 5.7 and 21.5 ± 3.5 ml/210 min, respectively, vs. saline: 1.7 ± 0.8 ml/210 min) and an early inhibition of water intake (3.5 ± 1.4 and 6.7 ± 2.1 ml/150 min, respectively, vs. saline: 9.2 ± 1.4 ml/150 min). The pretreatment of the LPBN with 2-hydroxysaclofen (GABAB antagonist, 5 nmol/0.2 μl) potentiated the effect of baclofen on 0.3 M NaCl intake in the first 90 min of test and did not modify the inhibition of water intake induced by baclofen in cell-dehydrated rats. Baclofen injected into the LPBN did not affect blood pressure and heart rate.Conclusions: Thus, injection of baclofen into the LPBN in cell-dehydrated rats induced ingestion of 0.3 M NaCl and inhibition of water intake, suggesting that even in a hyperosmotic situation, the blockade of LPBN inhibitory mechanisms with baclofen is enough to drive rats to drink hypertonic NaCl, an effect independent of changes in blood pressure. © 2013 Kimura et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Disproportionate pregnancy-induced myocardial hypertrophy in women with essential hypertension

BACKGROUND Pregnancy and arterial hypertension (AH) have a prohypertrophic effect on the heart. It is suspected that the 2 conditions combined cause disproportionate myocardial hypertrophy. We sought to evaluate myocardial hypertrophy (LVH) and left ventricular function in normotensive and hypertensive women in the presence or absence of pregnancy.METHODS This prospective cross-sectional study included 193 women divided into 4 groups: hypertensive pregnant (HTP; n = 57), normotensive pregnant (NTP; n = 47), hypertensive nonpregnant (HTNP; n = 41), and normotensive nonpregnant (NTNP; n = 48). After clinical and echocardiographic evaluation, the variables were analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance with pregnancy and hypertension as factors. Left ventricular mass (LVM) was compared using nonparametric analysis of variance and Dunn′s test. Predictors of LVH and diastolic dysfunction were analyzed using logistic regression (significance level, P < 0.05).RESULTS Myocardial hypertrophy was independently associated with hypertension (odds ratio (OR) = 11.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.2-38.5; P < 0.001) and pregnancy (OR = 6.1, 95% CI = 2.6-14.3; P < 0.001) in a model adjusted for age and body mass index. Nonpregnant women were at greater risk of LVH in the presence of AH (OR = 25.3, 95% CI = 3.15-203.5; P = 0.002). The risk was additionally increased in hypertensive women during pregnancy (OR = 4.3, 95% CI = 1.7-10.9; P = 0.002) in the model adjusted for stroke volume and antihypertensive medication. Although none of the NTNP women presented with diastolic dysfunction, it was observed in 2% of the NTP women, 29% of the HTNP women, and 42% of the HTP women (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS Hypertension and pregnancy have a synergistic effect on ventricular remodeling, which elevates a woman's risk of myocardial hypertrophy. © 2013 © American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd 2013. All rights reserved.