Sociocultural context of knowledge and beliefs about cardiovascular disease among Latino women

We formed an academic-community partnership with the Salsa Caliente program to undertake a project to better understand how Latina women with cardiovascular disease (CVD) or at risk of CVD view and understand CVD. This study's research question examines the sociocultural factors that influence and inform Latino women's perceptions and beliefs about CVD. Seven out the eleven participants in the Salsa Caliente program consented to be interviewed. The data was collected through recorded interviews, which were transcribed and then analyzed for common themes found among all the participants' narratives. The content analysis looking into common themes yielded four: 1) increased awareness of CVD, 2) trust in doctor, 3) delay in doctor visits, and 4) awareness of health. Implications for interventions and further research are discussed.^

OXIDATIVE STRESS BASED STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING THE EFFICACY OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS (HDACi)

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are anti-cancer drugs that primarily act upon acetylation of histones, however they also increase levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). We hypothesized that agents that cause oxidative stress might enhance the efficacy of HDACi. To test this hypothesis, we treated acute lymphocytic leukemia cells (ALL) with HDACi and adaphostin (ROS generating agent). The combination of two different HDACi (vorinostat or entinostat) with adaphostin synergistically induced apoptosis in ALL. This synergistic effect was blocked when cells were pre-treated with the caspase-9 inhibitor, LEHD. In addition, we showed that loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential is the earliest event observed starting at 12 h. Following this event, we observed increased levels of superoxide at 16 h, and ultimately caspase-3 activation. Pre-treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) blocked ROS generation and reversed the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential for both combinations. Interestingly, DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activity was only blocked by NAC in cells treated with vorinostat-adaphostin; but not with entinostat-adaphostin. These results suggest that different redox mechanisms are involved in the induction of ROS-mediated apoptosis. To further understand these events, we studied the role of the antioxidants glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx). We found that the combination of entinostat-adaphostin induced acetylation of the antioxidant thioredoxin (Trx) and decreased intracellular levels of GSH. However, no effect on Trx activity was observed in either combination. In addition, pre-treatment with GSH ethyl ester, a soluble form of GSH, did not block DNA fragmentation. Together these results suggested that GSH and Trx are not major players in the induction of oxidative stress. Array data examining the expression of genes involved in oxidative stress demonstrated a differential regulation between cells treated with vorinostat-adaphostin and entinostat-adaphostin. Some of the genes differentially expressed between the combinations include aldehyde oxidase 1, glutathione peroxidase-5, -6, peroxiredoxin 6 and myeloperoxidase. Taken together, these experimental results indicate that the synergistic activity of two different HDACi with adaphostin is mediated by distinct redox mechanisms in ALL cells. Understanding the mechanism involved in these combinations will advance scientific knowledge of how the action of HDACi could be augmented in leukemia models. Moreover, this information could be used for the development of effective clinical trials combining HDACi with other anticancer agents.

Cardiovascular risk assessment, body composition and incidence of chronic diseases in a group of Senior Quintero commune

Actualmente la población de adultos mayores va creciendo demográficamente a pasos agigantados "la preocupación por la situación de las personas adultas mayores forma parte de un amplio proceso de toma de conciencia a nivel mundial respecto del envejecimiento de las sociedades y los desafíos económicos, sociales, políticos y culturales que ello conlleva. El fenómeno del envejecimiento poblacional en América Latina viene ocurriendo de manera menos acentuada que en los países desarrollados, los cuales se enriquecieron antes de envejecer, mientras que los países en desarrollo están envejeciendo antes de aumentar su riqueza (OMS, 2002)". En el caso de esta investigación se evaluaron el Indice de cintura y cadera (ICC), el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la incidencia de ECNT en un grupo de Adultosmayores pertenecientes a los programas de fomento del Deporte impartidos por la Ilustre Municipalidad de Quintero en la comuna. Las evidencias recopiladas demuestran altos índices de riesgo cardiovascular y de sobrepeso y obesidad en los adultos mayores evaluados. También se evidencia alta prevalencia de la Hipertensión arterial en este grupo de personas

Cardiovascular risk assessment, body composition and incidence of chronic diseases in a group of Senior Quintero commune

Actualmente la población de adultos mayores va creciendo demográficamente a pasos agigantados "la preocupación por la situación de las personas adultas mayores forma parte de un amplio proceso de toma de conciencia a nivel mundial respecto del envejecimiento de las sociedades y los desafíos económicos, sociales, políticos y culturales que ello conlleva. El fenómeno del envejecimiento poblacional en América Latina viene ocurriendo de manera menos acentuada que en los países desarrollados, los cuales se enriquecieron antes de envejecer, mientras que los países en desarrollo están envejeciendo antes de aumentar su riqueza (OMS, 2002)". En el caso de esta investigación se evaluaron el Indice de cintura y cadera (ICC), el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la incidencia de ECNT en un grupo de Adultosmayores pertenecientes a los programas de fomento del Deporte impartidos por la Ilustre Municipalidad de Quintero en la comuna. Las evidencias recopiladas demuestran altos índices de riesgo cardiovascular y de sobrepeso y obesidad en los adultos mayores evaluados. También se evidencia alta prevalencia de la Hipertensión arterial en este grupo de personas

Cardiovascular risk assessment, body composition and incidence of chronic diseases in a group of Senior Quintero commune

Actualmente la población de adultos mayores va creciendo demográficamente a pasos agigantados "la preocupación por la situación de las personas adultas mayores forma parte de un amplio proceso de toma de conciencia a nivel mundial respecto del envejecimiento de las sociedades y los desafíos económicos, sociales, políticos y culturales que ello conlleva. El fenómeno del envejecimiento poblacional en América Latina viene ocurriendo de manera menos acentuada que en los países desarrollados, los cuales se enriquecieron antes de envejecer, mientras que los países en desarrollo están envejeciendo antes de aumentar su riqueza (OMS, 2002)". En el caso de esta investigación se evaluaron el Indice de cintura y cadera (ICC), el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la incidencia de ECNT en un grupo de Adultosmayores pertenecientes a los programas de fomento del Deporte impartidos por la Ilustre Municipalidad de Quintero en la comuna. Las evidencias recopiladas demuestran altos índices de riesgo cardiovascular y de sobrepeso y obesidad en los adultos mayores evaluados. También se evidencia alta prevalencia de la Hipertensión arterial en este grupo de personas

Dialect features indexing hipster identity on social media: the case of the city of Malaga

Identity is a recurrent research interest in current sociolinguistics and it is also of primary interest in digital discourse studies. Identity construction is closely related to stance and style (Eckert 2008; Jaffe 2009), which are fundamental concepts for understanding the language use and its social meanings in the case of social media users from Malaga. As the specific social meanings of a set of dialect features constitute a style, this style and the social (and technological) context in which the variants are used determine the meanings that are actually associated with each variant. Hence, every variant has its own indexical field covering any number of potential meanings. The Spanish spoken in Malaga, as Andalusian Spanish in general, was in the past often times considered an incorrect, low prestige variety of Spanish which was strongly associated with the poor, rural, backward South of Spain. This southern Spanish variety is easily recognised because of its innovative phonetic features that diverge from the national standard. In this study several of these phonetic dialect features are looked at, which users from Malaga purposefully employ (in a textualised form) on social media for identity construction. This identity construction is analysed through interactional and ethnographic methods: A perception and an imitation task served as key data and were supplemented by answers to a series of open questions. Further data stems from visual, multimodal elements (e.g. images, photos, videos) posted by users from the city of Malaga. The program TAMS Analyzer was used for data codification and analysis. Results show that certain features that in spoken language are considered rural and old-fashioned, acquire new meaning on social media, namely of urbanity and fashion. Moreover, these features, if used online, are associated with hipsters. That is, the “cool” social media index the “coolness” of the dialect features in question and, thus, the mediatisation makes their indexical fields even more multi-layered and dynamic. Social media users from Malaga performatively employ these stylised dialect features to project a hipster identity and certain related stances.

Cuba's social policy after the disintegration of the Soviet Union -- social development as legitimacy of regime and its economy effectiveness

Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Cuba has experienced a severe economic crisis, and the country's social policy has played an important role in showing the people a raison-d'etre for the revolution. This role has become even stronger in recent years, as internal and external actors demand political reforms and economic liberalization. This article first examines the Cuban government's use of social development to counter the demands for changes. It then looks at the extent that government social policy contributes economically to improving the Cuban living standard. The article demonstrates empirically how the leadership emphasizes their social accomplishments whenever demands for change come, and then shows that after the suspension of Soviet aid, Cuban social policy has been able to provide services mainly by relying on human capital and reducing quality materially because of the shortage of foreign reserves. This has limited the economic effectiveness of the services.