970 resultados para regulador de crescimento vegetal


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Rapid and uniform germination of seeds followed by prompt emergence are highly desirable characteristics for the production of seedlings. The aim of this study was to identify sowing positions and types of substrate most likely to the seed germination process and growth of seedlings of Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F. Blake. To germinate the seeds, they were placed in the following positions in relation to the bottom of the furrow in the substrate: hilum uppermost, hilum at the bottom, supported on one side, seed on edge with its sides parallel to the walls of the bag. Three substrates were used: commercial plantmax substrate (control), pine sawdust and sand. The substrates were fully randomized in a 4 x 3 factorial design (four seed positions and three substrates), with four replications of 20 seeds. The parameters evaluated were: the percentage of emergence, the after emergence seedling deaths, the first-count test, the emergence speed index, and the seedling aerial part length. It was concluded that all the seed positions in pine sawdust sowing offer the more favorable conditions for the germination process and seedling growth of Schizolobium parahyba.

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A utilização de mudas de goiabeira com adequado estado nutricional determina o sucesso da implantação de um pomar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar crescimento e acúmulo de macronutrientes em mudas de duas cultivares de goiabeira obtidas por estaquia herbácea. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições. Assim, foram utilizadas como parcelas duas cultivares de goiabeira (Paluma e Século XXI) e, como subparcelas, sete coletas de plantas ao longo do período experimental (120 dias), em solução nutritiva. As plantas foram avaliadas quinzenalmente quanto a: altura, número de folhas, diâmetro do caule, área foliar e massa de matéria seca (folhas, caule e raízes). Nos diferentes órgãos das mudas, determinou-se o acúmulo de macronutrientes. Houve acúmulo quadrático de matéria seca das mudas de goiabeira com o tempo de cultivo. A muda de goiabeira da cultivar Século XXI tem maior exigência de macronutrientes que a da cultivar Paluma, e o período de maior exigência é a partir dos 75 e 45 dias, para ambas as cultivares. O acúmulo de macronutrientes pelas mudas de goiabeira das cultivares Paluma e Século XXI foi de: K (726 e 696), N (552 e 585), Ca (293 e 302), S (73 e 66), P (64 e 66) e Mg (39 e 41) mg por planta, respectivamente.

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A adubação com micronutrientes, como o manganês em gramíneas forrageiras tropicais, contribui para o atendimento das exigências nutricionais tanto das plantas quanto dos animais. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, estudar os efeitos da aplicação de manganês no crescimento, na nutrição e na produção de matéria seca de plantas de Brachiaria brizantha, em condições de casa de vegetação. Para isto, realizou-se um experimento em casa de vegetação da FCAV/UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal, com Brachiaria brizantha (cv. MG4), em vasos com 3,5 dm³ preenchidos com amostras de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (Mn = 0,6 mg dm-3). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos, que corresponderam às doses de manganês (0, 15, 30, 60 e 120 mg dm-3), e quatro repetições. Avaliaram-se, nos dois cortes da forrageira (primeiro corte, 35 dias após o transplantio e, segundo, 30 dias após o primeiro), as variáveis de crescimento, produção de massa de forragem, teor e acúmulo de Mn na parte aérea. As doses de manganês aplicadas aumentaram a concentração deste micronutriente no solo e nas plantas e a produção de massa de forragem no primeiro corte. A Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG4 apresenta alta tolerância ao manganês, atingindo elevados teores de Mn na parte aérea, mesmo sem provocar sintomas visuais de toxicidade.

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The nurses assistance in monitoring the growth and development of children has been characterized mostly a service based on the biological dimension of illness, when in reality, the actions should be combined in the reorientation of care model of the Family Health Strategy. Thus, the research aimed to examine the role of nurses in the growth and development of children. This is an exploratory and descriptive, qualitative approach. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte under Opinion No. 191/2012. Data collection was developed in the Health Units from the city of Natal, RN, Brazil. Survey participants were nurses who worked in the Family Health Strategy for at least two years and who performed the monitoring of child growth and development in the health unit selected. Data were collected through an in-depth interview, and seized material from speeches was treated as categorical thematic analysis proposed by Bardin. This process revealed three themes, which were analyzed in the light of Relief Models and Process Work in Health and Nursing and discussed based on the findings literary. The results elucidated that nurses consider their performance satisfactory as it has favored the accession of mothers of children under one year nursing visits, contributing to the reduction of morbidity and mortality due to prevalent diseases, as well as the establishment of a connection between the professionals and mothers. It was shown that despite having a promotion and prevention with the use of lightweight technologies, the nurses also emphasized the care of mothers in complaints and signs and symptoms of children, followed by referrals to professionals in the unit or to other sectors. Furthermore, we found that the process of working nurses face challenges regarding the organizational structure of services and social situation of the family. Given these statements, it is observed that despite the strong interference from hegemonic health model in the performance of nurses, it is found that these professionals have been investing in promotion and prevention to injuries to children in care, with a focus on family context. Thus, nurses are embarking on making the reorientation of health care through the use of relational technologies, which has contributed to solving the integral care to the pediatric population

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Given the importance of heart, especially among the high brassica consumption, coupled with the scarcity of studies that report symptoms of nutritional disorders in the culture, the work was carried out to evaluate the effect of the omission of macronutrients in the development and nutritional status of cabbage, and describe visual symptoms of nutritional deficiency. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in the UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design with three replications and seven treatments, corresponding to complete nutritive solution (macro and micronutrients) and individual N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S omission. Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot, root and whole plant dry mass and macronutrient levels were determined and nutritional deficiency symptoms were described. Individual omissions of N, P, K or Ca were limiting for cabbage growth, considerably reducing plant height, number of leaves, and shoot, root and whole plant dry mass. Nutritional deficiency symptoms were observed for each element. Shoot macronutrient levels in control and nutrient omission treatments were, respectively: N = 31.0-11.9; P = 5.3-0.60; K = 63.5-4.8; Ca = 25.9-4.8; Mg = 5.2-0.5; S = 10.3-1.4 g kg(-1).

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The present research had he objective to evaluate rice response to zinc application forms on the nutrition, growth and dry matter production, in vase conditions. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with five treatments (leaf Zn, incorporated Zn, located Zn, Zn saw seed and witness - whitout zinc), in four repetitions during two cycles of cultivation with 42 days of duration each. Plastic vase of 7L, were filled with Red Distrofic Latosol (Zn = 0.3 mg dm(-3) in DTPA). The application of Zn saw soil in both culture of the rice improved its level in the soil, being distinguished it from located form. In the first cycle, the application of Zn saw leaf promoted greater absorption of the nutrient for the rice plants, while in the second cycle leaf application was followed by the saw soil incorporated. The biggest dry matter production occurred with application of leaf saw in the first cycle and saw soil (incorporated and located) in the second rice cultivation.

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Zinc application methods can affect the nutrition and the initial development of the wheat. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze the different ways of Zn application in the soil, on nutrition and on dry matter production. A completely randomized experimental design with four replications was used. The experiment was composed by the following Zn application treatments: control (no zinc application); soil incorporation, furrow located, seeds treatment and leaf pulverization. The experimental unit was composed of a pot filled with 7 L of soil. Morphological traits for each plant were determined on 52 days after emergence by the evaluations of plant height, internodes number, tillers number and aerial part dry matter. Still, the soil and plant chemical analysis was accomplished. The furrow located method provided larger concentrations of the micronutrient available. The zinc application methods did not influence the initial growth of the wheat plants. The zinc concentration in leaves was influenced by the different application methods, being the leaf pulverization the one that was caused the largest zinc accumulation on aerial part dry matter.

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The effect of zinc applied in seeds oil the nutrition of sorghum is affected by the sources and applied rate. The present work aimed to evaluate zinc application, front two sources, on the nutrition and initial growth of a culture of sorghum cv. BRS 304, cultivated in sand. The treatments consisted of five rites (0, 14.3, 28.6, 57.2 and 114.4 g kg(-1) of seed) and two zinc sources - sulphate (22% Zn) and oxide (50% Zn). At 25 days after sowing, the plants were cut. The aerial and root dry mass was evaluated, and the levels and accumulation of Zn in the plants were determined. The of seeds, in oxide form, provided adequate initial growth of application or 14 g Zn kg(-1) sorglitim cv. BRS 304. The sulphate source promoted greater absorption of Zn for the plants, reaching in its highest dosis, high levels of the nutrient in the aerial part (> 4170 mg kg(-1)) and developing characteristic symptoms of phytoxicity.

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A resistência mecânica do solo à penetração exerce grande influência sobre o desenvolvimento vegetal, uma vez que o crescimento das raízes e a produtividade das culturas variam de forma inversamente proporcional ao seu valor. O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a variabilidade espacial e a correlação entre a produtividade do milho (PG) e a resistência mecânica do solo à penetração (RP) de um Latossolo Vermelho sob preparo convencional, em área pertencente à Fazenda Experimental de Ensino e Pesquisa da Faculdade de Engenharia - FE/UNESP - Câmpus de Ilha Solteira. Foram definidos 133 pontos de amostragem no campo, segundo malha com espaçamento regular de 10,0 m, nos quais foram medidas a RP, a umidade gravimétrica (UG), nas camadas de 0-0,10; 0,10-0,20; 0,20-0,30 e 0,30-0,40 m, e a PG. O modelo exponencial mostrou-se adequado para descrever todos os semivariogramas experimentais construídos. A RP e a UG apresentaram moderada dependência espacial, com alcance variando entre 20,2 e 63,0 m. A PG apresentou forte dependência espacial com alcance de 15,3 m. A RP não apresentou correlação espacial com a PG. Valores de RP variando entre 0,9 e 2,0 MPa não restringiram a PG.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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As modificações estruturais causadas no solo pelos diferentes sistemas de manejo podem resultar em maior ou menor compactação, que poderá interferir na resistência mecânica à penetração, densidade e porosidade do solo, influenciando o crescimento radicular e, por fim, a produtividade das culturas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da compactação sobre determinadas características de um Latossolo Vermelho textura média e associá-las ao crescimento radicular e à produtividade da cultura do milho. Os tratamentos principais foram constituídos por seis níveis de compactação, proporcionados pelo tráfego controlado de tratores, e duas camadas, como subtratamentos, com quatro repetições. Foram coletadas amostras indeformadas do solo nas camadas de 0-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m, para determinação da resistência do solo à penetração, densidade e porosidade do solo. Para determinação de densidade, superfície, diâmetro e massa seca das raízes, foram retiradas amostras do solo nas camadas de 0-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m, em cada parcela. O tráfego de tratores sobre o solo provocou maiores níveis de compactação na camada superficial, proporcionando maior densidade e superfície radicular. O diâmetro radicular e a massa seca das raízes aumentaram linearmente com o aumento da resistência à penetração do solo. Verificou-se que valores de resistência à penetração variando entre 1,03 e 5,69 MPa provocaram alterações na morfologia do sistema radicular do milho, reduzindo a produtividade da cultura em 2,581 Mg ha-1, mas não foram impeditivos ao enraizamento.

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The nutritional state of star fruit seedlings must be adequate for a successful field implementation. The objective of the present work was to study the growth and uptake of macro e micronutrients curves by star fruit plants budded with Nota 10 cultivar in nutrient solution conditions. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks, with four replications and six treatments, which were consisted by the times of collects during the 150 days of the experiment (each 25 days). In each collection, the plant growth was evaluated by the division of the plants in root, stem and leaves in order to obtain the height, diameter of the stem, leave area and the dry matter. The accumulation of dry matter followed sigmoidal adjustment, while the uptake of nutrients followed quadratic adjustment, except Mg, P, and Cu that followed sigmoidal adjustment. The accumulation of nutrients by star fruit seedlings 'nota 10' followed the sequence: Ndemand for nutrients was between 90 and 150 days after transplanting.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar os aspectos da germinação e avaliar o efeito de concentrações de sacarose no crescimento in vitro de Cattleya violacea. Sementes provenientes de cápsulas fechadas foram semeadas em meio de cultura Murashige e Skoog (MS) e a morfologia externa da semente à plântula foi fotodocumentada em estereomicroscópio e microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Plântulas com 90 dias após a semeadura foram repicadas em meio de cultura ½ MS (com metade da concentração de macronutrientes) com diferentes concentrações de sacarose (0, 10, 20, 30 e 40 g L-1), incubadas nas mesmas condições in vitro por mais 150 dias e em seguida as plântulas foram avaliadas quanto ao número de raízes, comprimento da maior raiz, número de folhas, comprimento da parte aérea, massa fresca e seca total. Os dados biométricos foram submetidos à análise estatística e a eles ajustadas curvas de regressão. As sementes apresentaram testa reticulada com uma extremidade micropilar (aberta) e calazal (fechada); o embrião originou uma estrutura tuberiforme clorofilada denominada protocormo que pode apresentar rizóides, folíolos e quando provido de raiz é considerado plântula. A ausência de açúcar ou a maior concentração avaliada de sacarose foram prejudiciais ao crescimento da planta. A concentração de 27 g L-1 proporcionou maior crescimento in vitro possibilitando maior eficiência para a propagação massal dessa espécie de elevado potencial ornamental.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)