A collagen-poly(lactic acid-co-ɛ-caprolactone) hybrid scaffold for bladder tissue regeneration.

Scaffold materials should favor cell attachment and proliferation, and provide designable 3D structures with appropriate mechanical strength. Collagen matrices have proven to be beneficial scaffolds for tissue regeneration. However, apart from small intestinal submucosa, they offer a limited mechanical strength even if crosslinking can enhance their mechanical properties. A more cell-friendly way to increase material strength is to combine synthetic polymer meshes with plastic compressed collagen gels. This work describes the potential of plastic compressed collagen-poly(lactic acid-co-ɛ-caprolactone) (PLAC) hybrids as scaffolds for bladder tissue regeneration. Human bladder smooth muscle and urothelial cells were cultured on and inside collagen-PLAC hybrids in vitro. Scaffolds were analyzed by electron microscopy, histology, immunohistochemistry, and AlamarBlue assay. Both cell types proliferated in and on the hybrid, forming dense cell layers on top after two weeks. Furthermore, hybrids were implanted subcutaneously in the backs of nude mice. Host cell infiltration, scaffold degradation, and the presence of the seeded bladder cells were analyzed. Hybrids showed a lower inflammatory reaction in vivo than PLAC meshes alone, and first signs of polymer degradation were visible at six months. Collagen-PLAC hybrids have potential for bladder tissue regeneration, as they show efficient cell seeding, proliferation, and good mechanical properties.

A link between FXYD3 (Mat-8)-mediated Na,K-ATPase regulation and differentiation of Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells.

FXYD3 (Mat-8) proteins are regulators of Na,K-ATPase. In normal tissue, FXYD3 is mainly expressed in stomach and colon, but it is also overexpressed in cancer cells, suggesting a role in tumorogenesis. We show that FXYD3 silencing has no effect on cell proliferation but promotes cell apoptosis and prevents cell differentiation of human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2), which is reflected by a reduction in alkaline phosphatase and villin expression, a change in several other differentiation markers, and a decrease in transepithelial resistance. Inhibition of cell differentiation in FXYD3-deficient cells is accompanied by an increase in the apparent Na+ and K+ affinities of Na,K-ATPase, reflecting the absence of Na,K-pump regulation by FXYD3. In addition, we observe a decrease in the maximal Na,K-ATPase activity due to a decrease in its turnover number, which correlates with a change in Na,K-ATPase isozyme expression that is characteristic of cancer cells. Overall, our results suggest an important role of FXYD3 in cell differentiation of Caco-2 cells. One possibility is that FXYD3 silencing prevents proper regulation of Na,K-ATPase, which leads to perturbation of cellular Na+ and K+ homeostasis and changes in the expression of Na,K-ATPase isozymes, whose functional properties are incompatible with Caco-2 cell differentiation.

Respostas do cacaueiro à aplicação de N, P e K em dois solos da Amazônia Brasileira

A cacauicultura da Amazônia está implantada em solos eutróficos, com predominância da Terra Roxa Estruturada, e em Latossolos ou Podzólicos distróficos, sendo desconhecidas as limitações nutricionais desses solos na fase produtiva do cacaueiro. As respostas do cacaueiro à aplicação de N, P e K foram determinadas em dois experimentos instalados nos municípios de Medicilândia, ao longo da Rodovia Transamazônica, e Benevides, Pará, em solos das unidades Terra Roxa Estrutura eutrófica (TR) e Latossolo Amarelo (LA), respectivamente. As lavouras de cacau do híbrido Sca 6 x Be 10 foram implantadas após o corte e queima da mata primária, utilizando-se, como esquema experimental, um fatorial NPK 2³ com tratamentos adicionais de P. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o P foi o principal nutriente que limitou a produção, provocando incrementos de produtividade (P < 0,01) da ordem de 13,7% (110 kg ha-1) e 44,3% (214 kg ha-1) nos solos TR e LA, respectivamente, na média do período 1987 a 1993. O K também aumentou (P < 0,01) o rendimento de amêndoas secas de cacau no solo LA, verificando-se, ainda, interações significativas (P < 0,05) entre N x K e P x K neste solo. A resposta linear do cacaueiro ao P e o aumento ou diminuição da taxa de infecção de vassoura-de-bruxa ao N, P e K evidenciam a necessidade de novas pesquisas para definir a dosagem econômica de P, de K e o efeito da interação dos nutrientes com a enfermidade.

[Archives de la Parole]. , Parable of the prodigal son : in Kodaku, from Surguja / [Sir George Grierson], éd. ; Linguistic survey of India ; [Jūthan Koḍākū], voix

[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Madhya Pradesh. Chhattisgarh]