Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. comprehending an account of his studies, and numerous works in chronological order : with his correspondence and conversations

by James Boswell ; with copious notes and biograph. ill. by Malone

The association between classroom characteristics and student physical activity in physical education classrooms

Background. With the rapid rise in childhood obesity, physical activity participation among young children has become the subject of much recent attention. Physical education classes have been specifically targeted as a method of providing opportunities for all children to be active. Unfortunately, student participation in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during these classes still falls far below the current recommendations. While some research to date has reported the levels of activity among elementary-aged children, research is limited on the relationship between these activity levels and the environmental characteristics that exist within the PE classroom. ^ Purpose. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between specific classroom characteristics and contextual characteristics (lesson context, class size, class location, teacher gender, and teacher encouragement for PA) with elementary aged children's moderate-to-vigorous activity during PE class. ^ Methods. A secondary analysis of 211 3rd, 4th and 5th grade physical education classes amongst 39 elementary schools in Harris County, TX and 35 elementary schools in Travis County, TX was conducted using cross-sectional data from the evaluation of a school-based health program. Lesson context and student activity levels were measured using a direct observation measurement tool. Additionally, these variables were further analyzed against a number of classroom characteristics to determine any significant associations. ^ Results. Overall, elementary PE classes are still participating in low levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity averaging only 38% of class time. Additionally, close to 25% of class time is spent in classroom management. Male directed classes spent significantly more time in game activities and female directed classes spent more time in fitness, knowledge, and skill activities. Classes that took place outdoors were more active and spent more time in games than those that took place indoors. Significant correlations were demonstrated between class size and time spent in management context. Time spent in management context was also correlated with time spent sitting and standing. Additionally, positive correlations were demonstrated between time very active and teachers that praised students and encouraged physical activity among their classes.^

Teacher support and encouragement in the classroom and its impact on childhood obesity

Objectives. Obesity is a growing problem in the United States among children. Great efforts are being made to target this problem, both at home and at school. While parents and peers have proven an effective means of distributing information, the well of the influence of teacher encouragement of health behaviors remains untapped. The purpose of this study is to assess the association of teacher encouragement with diet and physical activity behaviors and obesity in a sample of eighth grade students in central Texas. ^ Methods. In the spring of 2011, the Coordinated Approach to Child Health (CATCH) study distributed teacher surveys to each of the teachers in the schools on the grant. In addition to questions concerning the implementation of CATCH, this survey employed social support questions to gauge the prevalence of teacher encouragement of health behaviors in the classroom. During the same time frame, eighth graders in these same schools completed student surveys which assessed dietary and physical activity knowledge and behaviors and demographics and participated in objective measures of student height and weight. A cross-sectional secondary data analysis was conducted in order to compare self-reported teacher encouragement to student behaviors and several student obesity measures on a by school basis. ^ Results. 1150 teachers and 2582 students from 29 of the 30 measurement schools returned completed surveys. No statistically significant relationship was found between the six teacher encouragement measures and their corresponding student reported health behaviors, nor was one found the mean support per school and child percent overweight. A menial positive relationship was found between the mean support per school and child BMI z-scores, BMI, and percent obese (p = 0.035, 0.003 and 0.003, respectively); however, these relationships were not in the predicted direction. ^ Conclusion. While the findings of this investigation show primarily null results, motivating questions as to the impact to teacher encouragement on middle school student's health remain. It is possible that in order to draw more effective conclusions, more comprehensive studies are warranted which specifically target these relationships.^

The five language skills in the EFL classroom

Este artículo analiza la importancia de integrar la cultura de la lengua meta con las cuatro destrezas lingüísticas tradicionales en la clase de inglés como lengua extranjera en el marco de dos posturas pedagógicas que integran las destrezas lingüísticas: una perspectiva que hace hincapié en el contenido del material auténtico a incorporar en la clase de inglés como lengua extranjera por sobre el sistema lingüístico, y la otra perspectiva que parte de la asignación de tareas que integran contenido de la materia a estudiar con las destrezas lingüísticas propiamente dichas. El artículo también destaca la importancia de las denominadas WebQuests como herramientas pedagógicas que ofrecen invalorables oportunidades para desarrollar las destrezas lingüísticas en un ambiente propicio que promociona el aprendizaje cooperativo y autónomo en la clase de inglés como lengua extranjera.

Prácticas docentes que promueven o no el acceso a la lectura literaria : Sociabilidad y promoción de derechos culturales

Este artículo aborda las prácticas de lectura literaria que se realizan en escuelas primarias públicas de las localidades de La Plata y de Berisso, provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina), a partir de un trabajo etnográfico orientado a la producción de una tesis de maestría "No es puro cuento: vínculos entre docentes, niñas y niños en el acceso a la lectura literaria (2011-2012)". En este trabajo, se enfatiza en las condiciones de accesibilidad de niñas y de niños al objeto libro y a la literatura, a partir de las prácticas docentes: se atienden los usos y los sentidos que adquiere la literatura y se analizan los espacios y tiempos destinados para la lectura. La estrategia metodológica implicó el armado de espacios de lectura y de narración oral, tanto en los recreos como en situaciones áulicas. A los fines de este artículo, se apela a la descripción densa de los escenarios en los cuales desarrollé el trabajo etnográfico, a partir de notas que registran las observaciones y conversaciones mantenidas con diferentes agentes escolares, incluyendo a las niñas y a los niños. Hacia el cierre del trabajo, se establecerán puntos de encuentro y diferencias entre las escuelas involucradas

Prácticas docentes que promueven o no el acceso a la lectura literaria : Sociabilidad y promoción de derechos culturales

Este artículo aborda las prácticas de lectura literaria que se realizan en escuelas primarias públicas de las localidades de La Plata y de Berisso, provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina), a partir de un trabajo etnográfico orientado a la producción de una tesis de maestría "No es puro cuento: vínculos entre docentes, niñas y niños en el acceso a la lectura literaria (2011-2012)". En este trabajo, se enfatiza en las condiciones de accesibilidad de niñas y de niños al objeto libro y a la literatura, a partir de las prácticas docentes: se atienden los usos y los sentidos que adquiere la literatura y se analizan los espacios y tiempos destinados para la lectura. La estrategia metodológica implicó el armado de espacios de lectura y de narración oral, tanto en los recreos como en situaciones áulicas. A los fines de este artículo, se apela a la descripción densa de los escenarios en los cuales desarrollé el trabajo etnográfico, a partir de notas que registran las observaciones y conversaciones mantenidas con diferentes agentes escolares, incluyendo a las niñas y a los niños. Hacia el cierre del trabajo, se establecerán puntos de encuentro y diferencias entre las escuelas involucradas

Prácticas docentes que promueven o no el acceso a la lectura literaria : Sociabilidad y promoción de derechos culturales

Este artículo aborda las prácticas de lectura literaria que se realizan en escuelas primarias públicas de las localidades de La Plata y de Berisso, provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina), a partir de un trabajo etnográfico orientado a la producción de una tesis de maestría "No es puro cuento: vínculos entre docentes, niñas y niños en el acceso a la lectura literaria (2011-2012)". En este trabajo, se enfatiza en las condiciones de accesibilidad de niñas y de niños al objeto libro y a la literatura, a partir de las prácticas docentes: se atienden los usos y los sentidos que adquiere la literatura y se analizan los espacios y tiempos destinados para la lectura. La estrategia metodológica implicó el armado de espacios de lectura y de narración oral, tanto en los recreos como en situaciones áulicas. A los fines de este artículo, se apela a la descripción densa de los escenarios en los cuales desarrollé el trabajo etnográfico, a partir de notas que registran las observaciones y conversaciones mantenidas con diferentes agentes escolares, incluyendo a las niñas y a los niños. Hacia el cierre del trabajo, se establecerán puntos de encuentro y diferencias entre las escuelas involucradas

Use and abuse of audivisual media in the college classroom. Slides show and web pages

The multimedia development that has taken place within the university classrooms in recent years has caused a revolution at psychological level within the collectivity of students and teachers inside and outside the classrooms. The slide show applications have become a key supporting element for university professors, who, in many cases, rely blindly in the use of them for teaching. Additionally, ill-conceived slides, poorly structured and with a vast amount of multimedia content, can be the basis of a faulty communication between teacher and student, which is overwhelmed by the appearance and presentation, neglecting their content. The same applies to web pages. This paper focuses on the study and analysis of the impact caused in the process of teaching and learning by the slide show presentations and web pages, and its positive and negative influence on the student’s learning process, paying particular attention to the consequences on the level of attention within the classroom, and on the study outside the classroom. The study is performed by means of a qualitative analysis of student surveys conducted during the last 8 school Civil Engineering School at the Polytechnic University of Madrid. It presents some of the weaknesses of multimedia material, including the difficulties for students to study them, because of the many distractions they face and the need for incentives web pages offer, or the insignificant content and shallowness of the studies due to wrongly formulated presentations.

Web Classroom Application. Digital technologies to study theory, history and criticism of architecture at Escuela Superior de Arquitectura UPMadrid. The search for some guides to direct the inquiry learning

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Classroom Building Loeches II

Proyecto para ampliar el complejo escolar en Loeches, Madrid

Classroom Building

Complejo escolar, Velilla de San Antonio, Madrid

Classroom building I, Loeches, Madrid (1989)

Complejo escolar en Loeches, Madrid

Soft Skills: A Comparative Analysis Between Online and Classroom Teaching

Currently the Spanish universities are making a great effort to effectively incorporate the development and assessment of generic skills in their training programs. Information and communications technologies (ICT) offer a wide range of possibilities but create uncertainty among teachers about the process and results. It is considered of interest to conduct a study to analyze the extent to which social skills like commitment, communication and teamwork are acquired by students and teachers. It seeks to ascertain the influence of the learning context, online or classroom training, in the development of these personal skills among the participants in the sample. For this study two universities have been chosen, Universidad a Distancia de Madrid (UDIMA) offering online training environment, and Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) with classroom training modality. A total of 257 individuals, 230 students and 27 teachers have answered the survey called Evalsoft. This instrument was designed in the project with the same name by a research team from Universidad Complutense of Madrid (UCM). Some interesting conclusions can be highlighted: it is in the online context where there are higher levels of commitment and teamwork than in the classroom modality; teachers have higher social skills that students and these improve with age. Sex and the training program appear to influence these social skills.

Examining the impact of pre-k and kindergarten classroom alignment on school readiness outcomes

This study explored children’s experiences of instructional alignment from prekindergarten to kindergarten and analyzed the impact of those alignment experiences on children’s school readiness outcomes. The study answered the following overarching research question: Does the alignment of children’s learning experiences between prekindergarten and kindergarten impact school readiness outcomes? Three sub-questions drove the research design: (1) How do children’s prekindergarten and kindergarten learning experiences align; (2) To what extent does the alignment of early learning experiences predict children’s school readiness outcomes; and (3) Does the quality of prekindergarten classroom teacher interactions moderate the impact of any PK-K alignment effects? Using cluster analysis and hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to analyze data from over 1,300 children in the 2009 Head Start Family and Child Experiences Survey (FACES), the study found that children have distinct and definable experiences of PK-K alignment. Results also indicated a disparity in children’s PK-K alignment experiences, with Hispanic/Latino children more likely to attend Head Start programs with poor systems transition practices followed by kindergartens with poor classroom structures. The study found that growth in the use of instructional activity centers from prekindergarten to kindergarten is predictive of better literacy and math outcomes. Findings further suggested that boys, minority students, and children from lower income households are predicted to score lower than girls, white classmates, and higher-income peers across school readiness measures. Findings support the need for equitable transition and alignment practices for children from all racial and ethnic groups. They also argue for an increase in child-directed activity centers in kindergarten. With one exception, the current findings did not support the hypothesis that prekindergarten teacher quality is a moderator of alignment effects on children’s school readiness outcomes. The study presents suggestions for further research.