Les communications : parents-école

Dans cette étude, nous brosserons d'abord un tableau de la situation historique et actuelle de l'influence des parents sur l'école. Puis, nous analyserons certaines données recueillies auprès des parents de notre organisation, la Commission scolaire des Cèdres. Et enfin, nous ferons des recommandations concrètes visant l'amélioration des communications parents-écoles dans notre organisation dans le but de mieux répondre aux besoins de l'élève. Quand nous parlerons de l'influence des parents sur l'école, nous voudrons parler du type d'influence qu'à un client sur un fournisseur de services plutôt que de l'influence qu'a le supérieur hiérarchique sur son subalterne. Donc, nous ne présenterons pas la relation parent-école comme une relation de pouvoir, mais plutôt comme une communication productive entre une organisation de services et un client. Il s'agit d'une recherche-action qui vise à faire des recommandations opérationnelles découlant de besoins bien identifiés.

Parents biologiques et parents adoptifs d'enfants ayant une déficience intellectuelle

L'intérêt pour cette recherche est né d'une préoccupation personnelle. En effet, nous avons adopté deux enfants ayant une déficience intellectuelle, deux enfants qui ont une trisomie 21. Cette décision de couple et de famille a pris racine dans une croyance fondamentale en la richesse de la personne handicapée. Ce geste est soutenu par l'appui de plusieurs personnes qui souscrivent au principe de normalisation et d'intégration des personnes ayant une déficience intellectuelle. Nous croyons que la première intégration sociale d'un enfant est de pouvoir grandir au sein d'une famille, comme n'importe quel autre enfant, sans égard pour sa déficience…

La satisfaction des étudiants envers différentes formes de participation de parents volontaires dans une classe de 3e année primaire

L'éducation des enfants prend une large part des préoccupations de notre société québécoise. Assumée presqu'entièrement par les parents jusqu'à l’entrée de l'enfant à l’école, il existe, par la suite, des controverses au sujet du partage de sa responsabilité. Les parents demeurent les premiers éducateurs de l'enfant mais le cadre scolaire offre d'autres possibilités pour compléter sa formation. Jusqu'où les parents peuvent-ils pénétrer le milieu scolaire? et, où s'arrêtent les droits des professionnels de l'école? La discussion est toujours ouverte et depuis longtemps. La participation des parents, dans les politiques éducatives de l'état, comporte un débat actuellement en force. Les recherches dans ce domaine sont relativement récentes. Comme le note Sara L. Lightfoot (1978), les sociologues se sont attardés à l'étude de l’organisation, de la formation des systèmes sociaux et très peu aux relations de l'un à l'autre système. En éducation, ajoute-t-elle, quand des auteurs se penchent sur la liaison entre la famille et l’école, ils ont tendance à se concentrer sur les dissonances et les problèmes qui se dégagent de leurs relations. C'est ce que nous avons constaté lors de notre revue de littérature et plusieurs des recherches citées sont de cet ordre. Mais, d'autres chercheurs axent leurs recherches sur une tangente positive; la participation des parents devient un apport possible au développement académique et social de l'enfant. Ils étudient ce problème sous plusieurs aspects et, malgré certaines prises de positions distinctes les unes des autres tous affirment qu'il est profitable et même nécessaire à l’enfant que ses parents s'intéressent à son vécu scolaire. [...]

Étude des besoins de parents d'élèves du secondaire en matière d'éducation à la carrière

Le rôle des parents dans l'éducation de leurs enfants fait partie d'un processus continu qui débute au moment même de la conception d'un individu. En effet, le parent servira de modèle et d'exemple à son enfant. L'éducation débute à la maison, elle est complétée par l'école, mais le foyer demeure le lieu privilégié de l'apprentissage du jeune. Le rôle du parent est donc central. Il constitue le piller autour duquel gravitent les expériences significatives du jeune avec son milieu. Lors de la consultation sur le Livre Vert (1977), le gouvernement du Québec proposait justement une plus grande participation des parents dans l'éducation de leurs enfants par le biais de comités d'écoles. On visait à ce que ces comités composés de parents prennent une plus grande part aux décisions en ce qui concerne l'orientation et l'avenir des écoles. À ce propos, l'article 101 de la loi 3 sur l'enseignement primaire et secondaire public décrit le rôle des comités d'écoles comme devant donner son avis au conseil d'école et promouvoir la participation des parents à la détermination, à la réalisation et à l'évaluation du projet éducatif. En élargissant la place des parents au sein même du système éducatif, on favoriserait davantage une continuité dans le processus éducatif de l'enfant car l'école a pour but de poursuivre l'éducation entreprise à la maison.

La participation des parents d'élèves de minorités ethniques à la vie de l'école primaire et secondaire à Sherbrooke

Dans un contexte d'égalité des chances en éducation pour tous les enfants, il s'avère important d'adapter l'école aux besoins éducatifs de sa clientèle. Dans cette optique, des relations respectueuses avec les parents sont essentielles. Ces rapports sont encore plus importants pour les élèves de minorités ethniques qui représentent une nouvelle clientèle avec des besoins diversifiés auxquels l'école doit s'ajuster rapidement. Or, selon plusieurs enquêtes menées à Montréal, les parents d'élèves de minorités ethniques participent moins que les parents québécois de vieille souche. Il est important d'en savoir plus sur les raisons de cette faible participation et sur la situation de leur participation en général. Quelle est donc la situation de la participation des parents de minorités ethniques? Comment perçoivent-ils la participation à la vie de l'école? Comment l'école réagit-elle devant la diversité culturelle de sa clientèle? Comment se présente cette situation dans les écoles de Sherbrooke? À cause de l'existence des élèves de minorités ethniques, l'école à Sherbrooke n'échappe pas à ce problème. Même si leur nombre est restreint, ils ont toutefois des besoins spéciaux qui correspondent à leur culture respective. Et si l'on se fie à la croissance des élèves de minorités ethniques à l'école française, leur nombre croîtra également à Sherbrooke. Cela sera d'autant plus intéressant qu'un sondage récent a été réalisé par la Commission Scolaire Catholique de Sherbrooke sur les perceptions et les attentes des parents face aux écoles qu'elle dessert. On a besoin de cerner également le point de vue des parents de minorités ethniques concernant plusieurs aspects touchés par ce sondage ayant un lien avec la participation des parents. C'est dans le cadre de cette problématique que s'inscrit cette étude qui a pour but principal de recueillir la perception des parents de minorités ethniques au sujet de leur participation à la vie de l'école. Notre recherche est à notre connaissance la première visant un tel but. Ce mémoire comporte trois parties. La première expose l'énoncé de la problématique qui consiste à décrire, à partir d'un inventaire des écrits, la situation de la participation des parents en général et en particulier celle des parents de minorités ethniques au sujet de leur conception de l'éducation, des modes de participation à la vie de l'école, et de l'encadrement de leurs enfants. La deuxième partie présente la méthode de recherche qui a permis la réalisation de cette étude auprès des parents de minorités ethniques à Sherbrooke. La troisième partie porte sur l'analyse et l’interprétation des résultats obtenus lors de la collecte des données.

Entraînement aux habiletés sociales en présence de parents ou de pairs comme agents de changement auprès d'élèves mésadaptés au primaire

L'étude a pour objet la vérification du lien entre la participation d’un programme d'entraînement aux habiletés sociales en présence d'agents de changement et le répertoire d'habiletés sociales. Les hypothèses soutiennent que le répertoire augmentera suite à l'entraînement et que le groupe assisté des parents aura une augmentation significativement supérieure à celui assisté des pairs. Une étude quasi expérimentale impliquant huit sujets permet, au moyen d'une observation systématique avant et après l'entraînement, d'évaluer le répertoire d'habiletés sociales et de faire une comparaison entre les trois groupes. Parmi ceux-ci, l'un est accompagné des parents, l'un est accompagné des pairs et l'autre constitue le groupe contrôle, c'est-à-dire qu'il ne participe pas à l'intervention. Les résultats montrent que le lien entre la participation à un entraînement aux habiletés sociales et la modification du répertoire d'habiletés sociales n'est pas significatif. Ils montrent également qu'il n'est pas significatif entre le type d'agent de changement utilisé (parents ou pairs) et ce même répertoire. L'étude révèle l'importance de continuer à explorer le champ des habiletés sociales en réexaminant le type d'évaluation. En effet, les grilles d'observation devraient avoir un lien direct et indiscutable avec les programmes d'entraînement mis en application. De plus, un nombre supérieur de sujets permettrait une analyse statistique plus rigoureuse.

L’analyse de la faisabilité et du transfert d'un programme de promotion de la relation parents-enseignants d'enfants du premier cycle du primaire

Le présent essai dépeint un exercice de modélisation d'un programme de promotion de la relation parents-enseignants d'enfants du premier cycle du primaire. Nous nous sommes questionnés, au cours de l'étude de ce programme, sur les quatre (4) facteurs suivants : (1) le mandat de l'intervention ; (2) l'environnement dans lequel il doit être implanté ; (3) le professionnel responsable de la mise en oeuvre ; (4) la stratégie d'intervention à privilégier pour l'atteinte des buts et des objectifs. Une recherche théorique, auprès d'auteurs ayant exploré le domaine, permet tout d'abord l'approfondissement de ces quatre (4) enjeux. Elle permet, en ce sens, de déterminer un noyau conducteur, qui facilitera le transfert du programme de relation parents-enseignants d'enfants du premier cycle du primaire à d'autres milieux et face à d'autres problématiques. Ces facteurs, constituant la base d'un nouveau programme, sont : (1) promotion ; (2) milieu scolaire urbain ; (3) service social ; (4) conscientisation. Nous avons démontré que l'école et la famille sont deux (2) institutions de notre société qui se sont développées parallèlement et de façon hermétique, accentuant ainsi l'inaccessibilité de part et d'autre. L'analyse théorique nous a permis d'harmoniser les quatre (4) facteurs de notre premier programme dont nous questionnions les possibilités d'interaction. Afin de mettre en oeuvre un nouveau programme plus général appliqué au monde scolaire et à d'autres milieux, nous devions valider ce dernier programme pour appuyer et justifier notre intervention. Pour ce faire, des rencontres avec des acteurs particulièrement susceptibles d'être impliqués dans l'élaboration ou la mise en oeuvre du second programme ont eu lieu. Ces rencontres ont constitué l'analyse pratique de ce deuxième programme et ont permis de le redéfinir afin qu'il réponde davantage aux besoins de modélisation du présent essai. L'analyse théorique et pratique faite au cours de l'essai démontre que la collaboration entre la famille et l'école est difficile parce que l'objet qui unit ces deux (2) groupes constitue la spécificité de l'un ou de l'autre. En effet, l'éducation scolaire est l'objet qui unit parents et enseignants et actuellement, les enseignants sont les professionnels de l'éducation scolaire des enfants. Cela accentue l'écart entre les pouvoirs d'intervention des parents et des enseignants. Finalement, les exercices effectués au cours du présent essai nous ont permis de généraliser notre intervention non seulement au lien parents-enseignants mais également à la relation existant entre tout système ayant des possibilités inégales d'intervention.

Touchpoints: parents and nurses perceptions and satisfaction

O apoio prestado às famílias que vivenciam a parentalidade deve basear-se numa relação de confiança entre enfermeiros e pais. A satisfação dos clientes e dos enfermeiros durante a prestação de cuidados assume grande relevância e pode ser considerada um ganho em saúde. Objetivo: Compreender a experiência e o significado atribuído pelos pais de crianças entre os 11 e os 24 meses e dos enfermeiros que participaram na implementação da metodologia Touchpoints (TP), uma intervenção de enfermagem inovadora. Desenho do Estudo e Métodos: Estudo qualitativo de cariz fenomenológico. A recolha de dados foi efetuada através de (i) diários de itinerância dos enfermeiros que participaram na implementação da metodologia TP e da (ii) técnica de grupos focais realizada junto de 10 pais de crianças do grupo de intervenção. Resultados: os pais consideraram que as sessões TP, implementadas pelos enfermeiros, contribuíram para: Aquisição de conhecimentos e competências; Validação de práticas parentais; Melhoria do comportamento da criança; Confiança parental; Relacionamento interpessoal; Competências profissionais; Competências específicas; Satisfação. Os enfermeiros que participaram no estudo consideraram que a metodologia TP contribuiu para: Mobilização e aplicação dos princípios TP; Processo de aprendizagem; Interesse dos pais; Sentimentos/emoções; Satisfação. Implicações Clínicas: Os enfermeiros que cuidam de famílias devem implementar metodologias inovadoras que facilitem a adaptação à parentalidade, como os Touchpoints. A implementação da metodologia TP contribuiu para a satisfação dos pais e enfermeiros.

G181(P) Evaluation of a new e-health intervention in neonatal care : perspectives of parents and health professionals.

Aim This paper will report findings from the first phase of an evaluation of a new e-health intervention designed to allow mothers to ‘see’ their baby in neonatal care (NNU) when they are not able to be with them. The intervention, MyLittleOne, involves a web-camera being placed over the incubator in NNU, which transmits a real-time video wirelessly to a coupled tablet device at the mother’s bedside. Guided by the MRC Framework for the Development and Evaluation of Healthcare Interventions (MRC, 2008), the aim was to explore parent and professional views of the technology and make recommendations for its future development, use and evaluation. Methods A qualitative approach was adopted, guided by a critical realist perspective (McEvoy and Richards, 2003). The study took place in a Level 3 NNU in Scotland. Participants were recruited purposively and included parents (n = 33) and a range of health professionals working in neonatal and postnatal care (n = 21). The data were collected during semi-structured individual, paired and small group interviews and were analysed thematically using NVivo v10. Results The majority of parents and professionals spoke positively about MyLittleOne. Perceptions were that: use of the technology assisted bonding and responsiveness; it promoted the recovery process following birth; and, for mothers who wished to breast-feed, being able to see their baby on the tablet device encouraged the ‘let-down’ reflex. An additional benefit was that siblings and others who may not be able to visit the NNU were able to see the baby. In contrast, for a small number of mothers, viewing their baby remotely appeared to increase their levels of anxiety. Switching off the camera during a medical procedure and back on after the procedure was completed was found to be problematic, at times and in different ways, for both parents and professionals. Conclusions Findings from this preliminary evaluation will guide future developments of the technology, including its use in family homes following the mother’s discharge. The findings will also inform the design of a feasibility study and subsequent RCT to assess the impact of MyLittleOne on a range of psychological indicators of postnatal adjustment.

"Natural Enemies" or Intentional Allies? Teachers' & Parents' Perspectives on Middle School Boys of Color

This study examined the perspectives and “shared knowledge” of parents and teachers of boys of color. The following overarching research question guided this study: “What do parents and teachers want each other to know about their middle school son or student of color regarding academics, engagement, and behavior?” Additionally, it explored the challenges and opportunities for shared knowledge and understanding of their (respective) son’s’ or students’ academics and engagement. The methodology was qualitative in nature and the intent in conducting this case study was to describe, interpret, and explain the “shared knowledge” between these stakeholders at a predominantly minority middle school. A sample of seven parents and seven teachers from one school in a mid-Atlantic state participated in interviews and focus groups. Results indicated that parents and teachers of boys of color viewed each other as “intentional allies.” Results further showed that parents and teachers were aware of the challenges faced by boys of color in and out of school. That awareness was reflected in strategies that both groups employed to support, prepare, and protect their son/students. Lastly, the study found that teachers received no formal training in building parent-teacher partnerships, but gathered experimental knowledge on how to build those relationships. These findings have implications for teacher education programs, schools, parents, and teachers.

Intersections of Gay and Bisexual Identity with Fatness

This thesis examines the intersections of gay and bisexual identity with body size, or fatness. Gay and bisexual identity and fatness are marginalized social identities that seem to be incompatible (Bond, 2013). While a sense of collective identity with the gay and bisexual community has been shown to be a protective factor against internalized homonegativity in gay and bisexual men (Halpin & Allen, 2004), the degree to which this protective factor persists for fat people in an anti-fat environment like the gay and bisexual community (Wrench & Knapp, 2008) has not been explored. This intersection of identities and anti-fat culture seemed to suggest there might be a relationship between fatness and internalized homophobia. Fatness did not moderate the relationship between sense of belonging to the gay and bisexual community and internalized homonegativity, but a significant positive relationship was found between belongingness to the gay and bisexual community and body shame.

PERCEPTION AND OPINION OF CHILDREN, FAMILY PARENTS REGARDING THE SERVICES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS OFFERED BY THE CHILDREN'S LIBRARY "ALVAREZ MIRIAM BRENES"

Presents the results of the study on the perceptions and views of children, fathers and mothers in relation to the services and products Children's Library "Miriam Alvarez Brenes" National University, developed by the Institute of Social Studies Population (IDESP), in collaboration with the Library staff Pretend that provided inputs to become key elements in making decisions and setting policies emanating from the authorities responsible for the proper development and expansion of activities and services that are to be implemented in selected communities will benefit of this project.

Sexuality in the media and emotional well-being among lesbian, gay, & bisexual adolescents

LGB teens’ feelings, desires, and physical attractions run contrary to the heteronormative standards of American society. As such, LGB youth often experience feelings of sadness and dejection that can lead to depression and suicidal tendencies (Russell & Joyner, 2001). Evaluating the factors that could possibly influence the emotional well-being of LGB youth would be an important undertaking given the hindrances LGB adolescents face during sexual socialization. The purpose of this dissertation was to study the portrayal of sexuality in media popular with LGB adolescents and to assess the relationship between media exposure and emotional well-being among LGB teens. In particular, this dissertation distinguished between mainstream media and gay- and lesbian-oriented (GLO) media. GLO media were defined as any media outlet specifically designed, produced, and marketed for gay and lesbian audiences. Two studies were conducted to serve as the initial investigation in a program of research that will be designed to better understand the role of media in the lives of LGB individuals. The first study of this dissertation was a content analysis of the television programs, films, songs, and magazines most popular with LGB teens as determined by self-reports of media consumption in a survey of media use. A total of 96 media vehicles composed the content analysis sample, including 48 television programs, 22 films, 25 musical artists, and 6 magazines. Using a coding scheme that was adapted from previous media sex research, Study 1 measured the frequency of sexual instances as well as the type, nature, and source characteristics for each sexual instance. Results of the content analysis suggest that heterosexuality reigns supreme in mainstream media. When LGB sexuality is depicted in mainstream media, it is often sanitized. LGB sexual talk is rarely sexual; rather it is primarily about the social or cultural components of being lesbian, gay, or bisexual. LGB sexual behavior is also rare in mainstream media, which tend to depict LGB individuals as non-sexually as possible. LGB sexuality in mainstream media exists, but is more about proclaiming LGB identity than actually living it. GLO media depicted LGB sexuality more frequently than mainstream media did. GLO media often depict LGB sexuality in a more realistic manner. LGB sexual talk is about LGB identity, as well as the relational and sexual aspects of being a sexual minority. LGB sexual behavior is commonplace in GLO media, depicting LGB individuals as sexual beings. LGB sexuality in GLO media is prevalent and relatively authentic. The second study was a survey that assessed the relationship between media exposure (both mainstream media and GLO media) and LGB teens’ emotional well-being, considering self-discrepancy as an important mediating variable in that relationship. Study 2 also considered age, sex, and sexual identity commitment as possible moderating variables in the relationship between media exposure and emotional well-being. In Study 2, emotional well-being was defined as lower levels of dejection-related emotions. LGB adolescents (N = 573) completed a questionnaire that was used to investigate the relationships between media exposure and emotional well-being. Results of the survey indicated that mainstream media exposure was not significantly associated with dejection-related emotions. In contrast, GLO media exposure was negatively related to feelings of dejection even when controlling for age, sex, race, perceived social support, school climate, religiosity, geographical location, sexuality of peers, and motivation for viewing LGB inclusive media content. Neither age nor sex moderated the relationships between media exposure variables and dejection, but sexual identity commitment did act as a moderator in the relationship between GLO media exposure and dejection. The negative relationship between GLO media exposure and dejection was stronger for participants lower in sexual identity commitment than for participants higher in sexual identity commitment. In addition, the magnitude of discrepancies between the actual self and the ideal self mediated the relationship between GLO media exposure and dejection for LGB adolescents low in sexual identity commitment. However, self-discrepancy did not mediate the relationship between GLO media exposure and dejection for LGB teens highly committed to their sexual identities. Results of both the content analysis and the survey are discussed in terms of implications for theory and method. Practical implications of this dissertation’s findings are also discussed, as well as directions for future research.

"Am I Korean American?": beliefs and practices of parents and children living in two languages and two cultures

The purpose of this study is to explore attitudes and practices regarding their heritage language and the dominant English language among Korean American immigrant families. Using the framework of Language Ideology (Silverstein, 1979), I had three research questions: a) why do parents send their children to a Korean language school, b) what attitudes do immigrant parents and their children show toward Korean and English, and c) how are the parents and children involved in the practices of these two languages? I conducted a survey of parents whose children attended a Korean language school in Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, where the number of Korean sojourners (temporary residents) exceeds that of Korean immigrants. Forty participant parents provided demographic information. They described their children's language-use patterns depending on interlocutors as well as their language proficiency in both Korean and English. The reasons for sending their children to the Korean language school were significantly different depending on the respondents' residential status. In comparison to the sojourners, immigrants tended to give more priority to their children's oral language development and Korean identity construction. I also conducted case studies of three Korean immigrant families with 3- to 5-year-old children, using interviews, observations, and photographs of children's work. The collected data were analyzed according to themes such as daily life, parental beliefs about two languages, practices in two languages, children's attitudes toward two languages, and challenges and needs. Despite individual families' different immigration histories, the three families faced some common challenges. Because of their busy daily routines and different lifestyles, the immigrant families had limited interactions with other Koreans. The parents wanted their children to benefit from two communities and build a combined ethnic identity as Korean Americans. I argue that a Korean language school should expand its role as a comfort zone for all Koreans and Korean Americans. This study explores the heterogeneity among Korean sojourner and immigrant families and their language use and identity construction.

The interpersonal and mental health implications of the coherence of coming out narratives for a sample of gay men in committed romantic relationships

The coming out process has been conceptualized as a developmental imperative for those who will eventually accept their same-sex attractions. It is widely accepted that homophobia, heterosexism, and homonegativity are cultural realities that may complicate this developmental process for gay men. The current study views coming out as an extra-developmental life task that is at best a stressful event, and at worst traumatic when coming out results in the rupture of salient relationships with parents, siblings, and/or close friends. To date, the minority stress model (Meyer, 1995; 2003) has been utilized as an organizing framework for how to empirically examine external stressors and mental health disparities for lesbians, gay men, and bisexual individuals in the United States. The current study builds on this literature by focusing on the influence of how gay men make sense of and represent the coming out process in a semi-structured interview, more specifically, by examining the legacy of the coming out process on indicators of wellness. In a two-part process, this study first employs the framework well articulated in the adult attachment literature of coherence of narratives to explore both variation and implications of the coming out experience for a sample of gay men (n = 60) in romantic relationships (n = 30). In particular, this study employed constructs identified in the adult attachment literature, namely Preoccupied and Dismissing current state of mind, to code a Coming Out Interview (COI). In the present study current state of mind refers to the degree of coherent discourse produced about coming out experiences as relayed during the COI. Multilevel analyses tested the extent to which these COI dimensions, as revealed through an analysis of coming out narratives in the COI, were associated with relationship quality, including self-reported satisfaction and observed emotional tone in a standard laboratory interaction task and self-reported symptoms of psychopathology. In addition, multilevel analyses also assessed the Acceptance by primary relationship figures at the time of disclosure, as well as the degree of Outness at the time of the study. Results revealed that participant’s narratives on the COI varied with regard to Preoccupied and Dismissing current state of mind, suggesting that the AAI coding system provides a viable organizing framework for extracting meaning from coming out narratives as related to attachment relevant constructs. Multilevel modeling revealed construct validity of the attachment dimensions assessed via the COI; attachment (i.e., Preoccupied and Dismissing current state of mind) as assessed via the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) was significantly correlated with the corresponding COI variables. These finding suggest both methodological and conceptual convergence between these two measures. However, with one exception, COI Preoccupied and Dismissing current state of mind did not predict relationship outcomes or self-reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms. However, further analyses revealed that the degree to which one is out to others moderated the relationship between COI Preoccupied and internalizing. Specifically, for those who were less out to others, there was a significant and positive relationship between Preoccupied current state of mind towards coming out and internalizing symptoms. In addition, the degree of perceived acceptance of sexual orientation by salient relationship figures at the time of disclosure emerged as a predictor of mental health. In particular, Acceptance was significantly negatively related to internalizing symptoms. Overall, the results offer preliminary support that gay men’s narratives do reflect variation as assessed by attachment dimensions and highlights the role of Acceptance by salient relationship figures at the time of disclosure. Still, for the most part, current state of mind towards coming out in this study was not associated with relationship quality and self-reported indicators of mental health. This finding may be a function of low statistical power given the modest sample size. However, the relationship between Preoccupied current state of mind and mental health (i.e., internalizing) appears to depend on degree of Outness. In addition, the response of primary relationships figures to coming out may be a relevant factor in shaping mental health outcomes for gay men. Limitations and suggestions for future research and clinical intervention are offered.