(Re) making trajectories: Eviction, control and power

The City of Cairo's experienced a major shift in its urban planning attitude and practice since the mid 1970s which mostly validated elements of economic planning while neutralizing its social aspects. This ad hoc approach escalated conflict in planning politics over the control of space between tiers of the planning institution and the locals leading to rigorous planning actions among major stakeholders such as eviction and control of spaces. The article examines how institutional claims over space reassembled alternative definitions of quality of life in one of Cairo's oldest quarters, and how ambitious planning schemes were mostly driven by entrepreneurial rather than societal. Based on first-hand interviews and visuals, the article aims to reveal the local's struggle to survive such interventions with attention to their daily negotiations in place.

An official American thoracic society research statement: Comparative effectiveness research in pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine

Background: Comparative effectiveness research (CER) is intended to inform decision making in clinical practice, and is central to patientcentered outcomes research (PCOR). Purpose: To summarize key aspects of CER definitions and provide examples highlighting the complementary nature of efficacy and CER studies in pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine. Methods: An ad hoc working group of the American Thoracic Society with experience in clinical trials, health services research, quality improvement, and behavioral sciences in pulmonary, critical care, and sleepmedicinewas convened. The group used an iterative consensus process, including a reviewbyAmerican Thoracic Society committees and assemblies. Results: The traditional efficacy paradigm relies on clinical trials with high internal validity to evaluate interventions in narrowly defined populations and in research settings. Efficacy studies address the question, "Can it work in optimal conditions?" The CER paradigm employs a wide range of study designs to understand the effects of interventions in clinical settings. CER studies address the question, "Does it work in practice?" The results of efficacy and CER studies may or may not agree. CER incorporates many attributes of outcomes research and health services research, while placing greater emphasis on meeting the expressed needs of nonresearcher stakeholders (e.g., patients, clinicians, and others). Conclusions: CER complements traditional efficacy research by placing greater emphasis on the effects of interventions in practice, and developing evidence to address the needs of the many stakeholders involved in health care decisions. Stakeholder engagement is an important component of CER. Copyright © 2013 by the American Thoracic Society.

Properties of extragalactic dust inferred from linear polarimetry of Type Ia Supernovae

Aims
The aim of this paper is twofold: 1) to investigate the properties of extragalactic dust and compare them to what is seen in the Galaxy; 2) to address in an independent way the problem of the anomalous extinction curves reported for reddened Type Ia Supernovae (SN) in connection to the environments in which they explode. 

Methods
The properties of the dust are derived from the wavelength dependence of the continuum polarization observed in four reddened Type Ia SN: 1986G, 2006X, 2008fp, and 2014J. The method is based on the observed fact that Type Ia SN have a negligible intrinsic continuum polarization. This and their large luminosity makes them ideal tools to probe the dust properties in extragalactic environments.

Results
All four objects are characterized by exceptionally low total-to-selective absorption ratios (R<inf>V</inf>) and display an anomalous interstellar polarization law, characterized by very blue polarization peaks. In all cases the polarization position angle is well aligned with the local spiral structure. While SN 1986G is compatible with the most extreme cases of interstellar polarization known in the Galaxy, SN 2006X, 2008fp, and 2014J show unprecedented behaviours. The observed deviations do not appear to be connected to selection effects related to the relatively large amounts of reddening characterizing the objects in the sample.

Conclusions
The dust responsible for the polarization of these four SN is most likely of interstellar nature. The polarization properties can be interpreted in terms of a significantly enhanced abundance of small grains. The anomalous behaviour is apparently associated with the properties of the galactic environment in which the SN explode, rather than with the progenitor system from which they originate. For the extreme case of SN 2014J, we cannot exclude the contribution of light scattered by local material; however, the observed polarization properties require an ad hoc geometrical dust distribution.

Gender, religion, and sociopolitical issues in cross-cultural online education

Cross-cultural education is thought to develop critical consciousness of how unequal distributions of power and privilege affect people’s health. Learners in different sociopolitical settings can join together in developing critical consciousness – awareness of power and privilege dynamics in society – by means of communication technology. The aim of this research was to define strengths and limitations of existing cross-cultural discussions in generating critical consciousness. The setting was the FAIMER international fellowship program for mid-career interdisciplinary health faculty, whose goal is to foster global advancement of health professions education. Fellows take part in participant-led, online, written, task-focused discussions on topics like professionalism, community health, and leadership. We reflexively identified text that brought sociopolitical topics into the online environment during the years 2011 and 2012 and used a discourse analysis toolset to make our content analysis relevant to critical consciousness. While references to participants’ cultures and backgrounds were infrequent, narratives of political-, gender-, religion-, and other culture-related topics did emerge. When participants gave accounts of their experiences and exchanged cross-cultural stories, they were more likely to develop ad hoc networks to support one another in facing those issues than explore issues relating to the development of critical consciousness. We suggest that cross-cultural discussions need to be facilitated actively to transform learners’ frames of reference, create critical consciousness, and develop cultural competence. Further research is needed into how to provide a safe environment for such learning and provide faculty development for the skills needed to facilitate these exchanges.

Time-lapse Monitoring of the Slopes of a Heritage Earthwork by Means of Near-surface Seismic Techniques

A significant portion of UK’s infrastructures earthworks was built more than 100 years ago, without modern construction standards: poor maintenance and the change of precipitations pattern experienced in the past decades are currently compromising their stability, leading to an increasing number of failures. To address the need for a reliable and time-efficient monitoring of earthworks at risk of failure we propose here the use of two established seismic techniques for the characterization of the near surface, MASW and P-wave refraction. We have regularly collected MASW and P-wave refraction data, from March 2014 to February 2015, along 4 reduced-scale seismic lines located on the flanks of a heritage railway embankment located in Broadway, SW of England. We have observed a definite temporal variability in terms of phase velocities of SW dispersion curves and of P-wave travel times. The accurate choice of ad-hoc inversion strategies has allowed to reconstruct reliable VP and VS models through which it is potentially possible to track the temporal variations of geo-mechanical properties of the embankment slopes. The variability over time of seismic data and seismic velocities seems to correlate well with rainfall data recorded in the days immediately preceding the date of acquisition.

Perceção de controlo na velhice: uma relação entre autoeficácia, autoestima e bem-estar psicológico

Dissertação de mestrado, Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Redes de transmissão de dados em meios submarinos

Dissertação de Mestrado, Engenharia Eletrica e Eletrónica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Competitive Intelligence : Aufbau einer Informationsbasis und Entscheidungssystematik zur Definition strategischer Zielmärkte

Im Rahmen der Globalisierung und des daraus resultierenden Wettbewerbs ist es für ein Unternehmen von zentraler Bedeutung, Wissen über die Wettbewerbssituation zu erhalten. Nicht nur zur Erschließung neuer Märkte, sondern auch zur Sicherung der Unternehmensexistenz ist eine Wettbewerbsanalyse unabdingbar. Konkurrenz- bzw. Wettbewerbsforschung wird überwiegend als „Competitive Intelligence“ bezeichnet. In diesem Sinne beschäftigt sich die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit mit einem Bereich von Competitive Intelligence. Nach der theoretischen Einführung in das Thema werden die Ergebnisse von neun Experteninterviews sowie einer schriftlichen Expertenbefragung innerhalb des Unternehmens erläutert. Die Experteninterviews und -befragungen zum Thema Competitive Intelligence dienten zur Entwicklung eines neuen Wettbewerbsanalysekonzeptes. Die Experteninterviews zeigten, dass in dem Unternehmen kein einheitliches Wettbewerbsanalysesystem existiert und Analysen lediglich ab hoc getätigt werden. Zusätzlich wird ein Länderranking vorgestellt, das zur Analyse europäischer Länder für das Unternehmen entwickelt wurde. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass Dänemark und Italien für eine Ausweitung der Exportgeschäfte bedeutend sind. Der neu entwickelte Mitbewerberbewertungsbogen wurde auf Grundlage dieser Ergebnisse für Dänemark und Italien getestet.

La qualification et le traitement légal des ressources phytogénétiques au bénéfice de la sécurité alimentaire mondiale durable - Regard critique sur leur gestion

L’agrobiodiversité est le résultat de la domestication, de l’amélioration des caractères génétiques, de la conservation et de l’échange des semences par les agriculteurs depuis la première révolution agricole, il y a près de 10 000 ans. Toutefois, cette diversification agricole s’amenuise, s’érode. Cette érosion touche désormais les espèces végétales majeures. Plusieurs variétés de plantes cultivées sont abandonnées au profit de variétés artificialisées et uniformisées. Suivant une logique plus économique, les ressources génétiques végétales ou phytogénétiques, d’abord qualifiées de patrimoine commun de l’humanité, deviennent rapidement des biens prisés par l’industrie biotechnologique confortant les pays riches en biodiversité, mais économiquement faibles, à subordonner cette richesse au principe de la souveraineté permanente sur les ressources naturelles. Ce principe à la base du droit international a permis aux États hôtes de contrôler l’accès aux ressources biologiques sur leur territoire, mettant ainsi fin au pillage de celles-ci, mais également au libre accès pour tous à la ressource. À l’évidence, la nature hybride des ressources phytogénétiques enclenche un processus complexe d’exclusivismes et de prérogatives. D’une part, ces ressources composent la base de notre alimentation et à ce titre elles intéressent l’humanité entière, d’autre part, elles sont la matière première utilisée par les oligopoles semenciers, une double vocation qui suscite un partage antagonique à plusieurs égards. Cette thèse analyse les perspectives offertes par le droit international public afin de réconcilier ces positions au bénéfice de la sécurité alimentaire mondiale durable, et s’interroge sur le meilleur cadre juridique que le droit international puisse attribuer aux ressources phytogénétiques afin d’améliorer la circulation et la disponibilité des denrées agricoles et alimentaires. À cet effet, l’entrée en vigueur du Traité international sur les ressources phytogénétiques pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture va créer une sorte de système compromissoire conciliant dans un même souffle, l’intérêt général et l’appropriation privative au profit de la sécurité alimentaire mondiale durable : le Système multilatéral d’accès et de partage des avantages. Un dispositif ad hoc exceptionnel qui facilite l’accès à une partie négociée de ces ressources ainsi que le partage juste et équitable des avantages qui découlent de leur utilisation entre tous les usagers. Le Système multilatéral est la clé de voûte du Traité. Par le truchement de ce système, le Traité matérialise un ordre juridique raffiné et complexe qui opère une récursivité des ressources phytogénétiques vers le domaine public international, et par incidence, invite à considérer ces ressources comme des biens communs libres d’accès pour la recherche, l’amélioration et le réensemencement. Outre cette requalification, ce système ouvrira la voie à une nouvelle forme de gestion fiduciaire octroyant des droits et impliquant des responsabilités à l’égard d’un groupe d’usagers particuliers.

Construção de uma base de conhecimento para geração de conteúdos

Trabalho de projeto para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática e de Computadores

Traduzir palavras, aproximar culturas: o ensino da Interpretação de Acompanhamento no ISCAP

Numa sociedade onde as correntes migrações desenham um novo contexto de sociabilização e onde a globalização conduz ao aumento incomensurável das reuniões interculturais, é fulcral recentrar a importância do ensino da interpretação dita de comunidade. A inauguração do Mestrado em Tradução e Interpretação Especializadas, no ano lectivo de 2007/2008, no Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto, reformulado a partir da Licenciatura Bi-Etápica homónima, veio apresentar um desenho dos curricula em Interpretação cujo entendimento é mais pragmático. Assim sendo, à tradicional divisão entre Interpretação Simultânea e Interpretação Consecutiva sucedeu a introdução das unidades curriculares de Interpretação de Conferência, Interpretação Remota e de Teleconferência e de Interpretação de Acompanhamento. Este estudo pretende apresentar e discutir as diferentes abordagens pedagógicas ensaiadas no decorrer da implementação da unidade curricular de Interpretação de Acompanhamento, sustentadas por uma reflexão de cariz científico-pedagógico, filtrada pelas tendências de investigação mais recentes nesta área. Adoptámos a designação de Interpretação de Acompanhamento para descrever uma situação comunicativa que decorre em contextos variados e heterogéneos, em detrimento de outras designações de abrangência mais restrita, como Interpretação de Liaison – que remete para um acompanhamento em contexto de negócios ou de visita cultural ou turística – e Interpretação de Comunidade – reportando-se à mediação linguística de alguém que não fala a linguagem da maioria, normalmente no âmbito judicial, social, ou de saúde. Concentraremos, por conseguinte, a nossa atenção nas questões que se seguem: Que estratégias pedagógicas melhor se adaptam ao ensino desta disciplina? Como reproduzir a heterogeneidade dos contextos comunicativos que a Interpretação de Acompanhamento envolve numa sala de aula? Que ponderação deve assumir o desempenho linguístico em comparação com as competências de mediação intercultural? Como integrar, na prática, conceitos e teorias no domínio da Interpretação de Acompanhamento?

RadiaLE: A framework for designing and assessing link quality estimators in wireless sensor networks

Stringent cost and energy constraints impose the use of low-cost and low-power radio transceivers in large-scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This fact, together with the harsh characteristics of the physical environment, requires a rigorous WSN design. Mechanisms for WSN deployment and topology control, MAC and routing, resource and mobility management, greatly depend on reliable link quality estimators (LQEs). This paper describes the RadiaLE framework, which enables the experimental assessment, design and optimization of LQEs. RadiaLE comprises (i) the hardware components of the WSN testbed and (ii) a software tool for setting-up and controlling the experiments, automating link measurements gathering through packets-statistics collection, and analyzing the collected data, allowing for LQEs evaluation. We also propose a methodology that allows (i) to properly set different types of links and different types of traffic, (ii) to collect rich link measurements, and (iii) to validate LQEs using a holistic and unified approach. To demonstrate the validity and usefulness of RadiaLE, we present two case studies: the characterization of low-power links and a comparison between six representative LQEs. We also extend the second study for evaluating the accuracy of the TOSSIM 2 channel model.

A Review of antenas for indoor positioning systems

This paper provides a review of antennas applied for indoor positioning or localization systems. The desired requirements of those antennas when integrated in anchor nodes (reference nodes) are discussed, according to different localization techniques and their performance. The described antennas will be subdivided into the following sections according to the nature of measurements: received signal strength (RSS), time of flight (ToF), and direction of arrival (DoA). This paper intends to provide a useful guide for antenna designers who are interested in developing suitable antennas for indoor localization systems.

Relatório de estágio no Centro de Arbitragem Comercial na Câmara de Comércio e Indústria Portuguesa

O presente relatório é o resultado do estágio de seis meses efetuado entre setembro de 2014 e fevereiro de 2015 no Centro de Arbitragem Comercial da Câmara de Comércio e Indústria Portuguesa. O presente texto descreve as diversas atividades desenvolvidas durante o período do estágio, assim como uma análise teórica do instituto de arbitragens paralelas. Foi também efetuada uma atualização de dados recolhidos sobre processos arbitrais do Centro de Arbitragem já terminados, entre os anos 1990 e 2015, e adicionados dados novos, sobre as diferentes pessoas jurídicas que recorrem ao CAC, tanto em arbitragens institucionalizadas como arbitragens ad hoc.

O Ciclo Vicioso do Satisfatório na Gestão de Terminologia em Contexto Empresarial: problemas e oportunidades

É objetivo geral deste trabalho perceber o modo como as empresas gerem as terminologias e as línguas de especialidade em contextos de comunicação multilingues, especialmente quando mediada por tradução. Com base num suporte teórico da Terminologia aplicada à tradução e, sempre que necessário, dado o teor interdisciplinar do tema, em pressupostos da Gestão e da Tradução especializada, desenvolvemos a pesquisa no âmbito de um quadro metodológico descritivo, sustentado em vários métodos qualitativos e quantitativos de recolha primária e secundária de dados. Temos, por pano de fundo, um cenário aparentemente paradoxal. Por um lado, para os clientes (empresas e consumidores), a língua é vista como um ativo e um recurso funcional e de apoio: serve como meio para atingir um objetivo, não é o objetivo em si. Do outro lado, da indústria da língua, a língua é matéria-prima e o bem final, ou seja, é o objetivo, o seu produto final, pelo que a preocupação com a qualidade linguística é muito maior. A investigação foi desenvolvida em dois ciclos de pesquisa. No primeiro, o trabalho centra-se na língua portuguesa, como língua de chegada, no mercado global da tradução especializada da CPLP, do qual apresentamos um contorno possível. No segundo ciclo, descrevemos a forma como as línguas são geridas nas empresas internacionalizadas, com destaque para a prática de tradução empresarial ad hoc – e discutimos o status quo da gestão terminológica na generalidade das empresas. Mais do que apontar falhas, apesar de termos identificado a terminologia como um dos fatores críticos do processo, tentamos perceber a causa do ciclo do satisfatório mantido nas empresas, que os melhores argumentos e estudos dos agentes da indústria da língua, nomeadamente da terminologia, não têm conseguido mudar. Numa abordagem, sempre que possível, abrangente e integradora à questão, tentamos desmistificar a clivagem entre fornecedores e clientes e a ideia tout court de más-práticas das empresas, vendo-as à luz das políticas linguísticas da Comunidade Europeia, mas também das caraterísticas da sociedade global do conhecimento. Aí identificamos algumas oportunidades, que exigem não só o investimento da cultura empresarial, mas também uma atitude mais pró-ativa dos agentes da Terminologia, de forma a agilizar o processo de mudança baseado na educação para a qualidade. Deste modo, pensamos ser mais fácil criar uma “cultura favorável” à gestão de terminologia, e à qualidade da língua de especialidade em geral, baseada na confiança e na competência, com atitudes e comportamentos cooperantes ao nível de todas as partes interessadas.