Detecção e diagnóstico de falhas não-supervisionados baseados em estimativa de densidade recursiva e classificador fuzzy auto-evolutivo

In this work, we propose a two-stage algorithm for real-time fault detection and identification of industrial plants. Our proposal is based on the analysis of selected features using recursive density estimation and a new evolving classifier algorithm. More specifically, the proposed approach for the detection stage is based on the concept of density in the data space, which is not the same as probability density function, but is a very useful measure for abnormality/outliers detection. This density can be expressed by a Cauchy function and can be calculated recursively, which makes it memory and computational power efficient and, therefore, suitable for on-line applications. The identification/diagnosis stage is based on a self-developing (evolving) fuzzy rule-based classifier system proposed in this work, called AutoClass. An important property of AutoClass is that it can start learning from scratch". Not only do the fuzzy rules not need to be prespecified, but neither do the number of classes for AutoClass (the number may grow, with new class labels being added by the on-line learning process), in a fully unsupervised manner. In the event that an initial rule base exists, AutoClass can evolve/develop it further based on the newly arrived faulty state data. In order to validate our proposal, we present experimental results from a level control didactic process, where control and error signals are used as features for the fault detection and identification systems, but the approach is generic and the number of features can be significant due to the computationally lean methodology, since covariance or more complex calculations, as well as storage of old data, are not required. The obtained results are significantly better than the traditional approaches used for comparison

Propriedades críticas do processo epidêmico difusivo com interação de Lévy

The diffusive epidemic process (PED) is a nonequilibrium stochastic model which, exhibits a phase trnasition to an absorbing state. In the model, healthy (A) and sick (B) individuals diffuse on a lattice with diffusion constants DA and DB, respectively. According to a Wilson renormalization calculation, the system presents a first-order phase transition, for the case DA > DB. Several researches performed simulation works for test this is conjecture, but it was not possible to observe this first-order phase transition. The explanation given was that we needed to perform simulation to higher dimensions. In this work had the motivation to investigate the critical behavior of a diffusive epidemic propagation with Lévy interaction(PEDL), in one-dimension. The Lévy distribution has the interaction of diffusion of all sizes taking the one-dimensional system for a higher-dimensional. We try to explain this is controversy that remains unresolved, for the case DA > DB. For this work, we use the Monte Carlo Method with resuscitation. This is method is to add a sick individual in the system when the order parameter (sick density) go to zero. We apply a finite size scalling for estimates the critical point and the exponent critical =, e z, for the case DA > DB

Absence of chemopreventive influence of propolis on the rat liver altered foci development

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Medidas de associação em estudo transversal com delineamento complexo: razão de chances e razão de prevalência

O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar e discutir a utilização das medidas de associação: razão de chances e razão de prevalências, em dados obtidos de estudo transversal realizado em 2001-2002, utilizando-se amostra estratificada por conglomerados em dois estágios (n=1.958). As razões de chances e razões de prevalências foram estimadas por meio de regressão logística não condicional e regressão de Poisson, respectivamente, utilizando-se o pacote estatístico Stata 7.0. Intervalos de confiança e efeitos do desenho foram considerados na avaliação da precisão das estimativas. Dois desfechos do estudo transversal com diferentes níveis de prevalência foram avaliados: vacinação contra influenza (66,1%) e doença pulmonar referida (6,9%). Na situação em que a prevalência foi alta, as estimativas das razões de prevalência foram mais conservadoras com intervalos de confiança menores. Na avaliação do desfecho de baixa prevalência, não se observaram grandes diferenças numéricas entre as estimações das razões de chances e razões de prevalência e erros-padrão obtidos por uma ou outra técnica. O efeito do desenho maior que a unidade indicou que a amostragem complexa, em ambos os casos, aumentou da variância das estimativas. Cabe ao pesquisador a escolha da técnica e do estimador mais adequado ao seu objeto de estudo, permanecendo a escolha no âmbito epidemiológico.

Fatores associados à doença pulmonar em idosos

OBJETIVO: Investigar a prevalência de doença pulmonar referida entre idosos segundo características sociodemográficas, econômicas, estilo de vida, mobilidade física e condições de saúde. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de base populacional, do qual participaram 1.957 idosos (60 anos ou mais). As informações foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas. Os participantes foram selecionados a partir de amostragem probabilística, estratificada, por conglomerados e obtida em dois estágios em seis municípios do Estado de São Paulo, no período de 2001 a 2002. Foram utilizadas estatísticas descritivas, testes de associação pelo chi2, razões de prevalência e intervalos de confiança de 95%. A análise ajustada foi conduzida por meio de regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS: Dos entrevistados, cerca de 7% referiram doença pulmonar. Não houve associação entre doença pulmonar referida e vacinação contra influenza. A partir da análise ajustada foi possível identificar os seguintes fatores independentemente associados à referência da doença: tabagismo (RP=2,03; IC 95%: 1,39-2,97); uso de medicamentos (RP=2,05; IC 95%: 1,11-3,79); auto-avaliação do estado de saúde atual como ruim ou muito ruim (RP=1,89; IC 95%:1,20-2,96); e depressão, ansiedade ou problemas emocionais (RP=1,86; IC 95%: 1,11-3,10). CONCLUSÕES: Os achados do presente estudo reforçam a importância das doenças respiratórias em idosos, particularmente em grupos mais vulneráveis, justificando medidas preventivas e assistenciais específicas.

Enrofloxacin assay validation and pharmacokinetics following a single oral dose in chickens

The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin (ENRO), a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent, was studied in male broiler chickens (Cobb) after single oral administration of 10 mg of ENRO/kg b.w. A high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (DAD) (HPLC-DAD) method was developed and validated and used for quantitation of ENRO and its major metabolite ciprofloxacin in plasma. The HPLC analyses were carried out using a cationic-octadecyl mixed column and 0.05 mol/L phosphate buffer (pH 2.5)/acetonitrile as mobile phase. The sample preparation of plasma consisted of the precipitation of proteins followed by solid phase extraction on cationic-octadecyl mixed cartridges. The method was validated considering linear range, linearity, selectivity, sensitivity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), intra- and inter-day precisions and accuracy. The LOD and LOQ for both fluoroquinolones were 60 and 200 ng/mL for plasma. The plasma concentration vs. time graph was characteristic of a two-compartment open model. The maximal plasma concentration of 1.5 +/- 0.2 mg/mL was achieved at 9 +/- 2 h. The elimination half-life and the mean residence time of ENRO were 1.5 +/- 0.2 and 15.64 h, respectively. The area under the concentration-time curve was calculated as 35 +/- 4 mg(.)h/mL.

Clinical Viability of Immediate Loading of Dental Implants: Part I-Factors for Success

Two-stage procedure for dental implants presents corroborated clinical success over 40 years. The evolution of surgical techniques, development of diagnostic methods, knowledge about tissue biology, and quality of implants regarding design and surface supported studies with I surgical stage followed by immediate prosthesis placement. However, several factors influence the treatment success with immediate loading. SO, this Study aimed to evaluate some factors regarding the success and characteristics of implants and patients.

The effect of implant design on insertion torque and immediate micromotion

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of insertion torque on micromotion to a lateral force in three different implant designs. Material and methods: Thirty-six implants with identical thread design, but different cutting groove design were divided in three groups: (1) non-fluted (no cutting groove, solid screw-form); (2) fluted (901 cut at the apex, tap design); and (3) Blossomt (Patent pending) (non-fluted with engineered trimmed thread design). The implants were screwed into polyurethane foam blocks and the insertion torque was recorded after each turn of 901 by a digital torque gauge. Controlled lateral loads of 10N followed by increments of 5 up to 100N were sequentially applied by a digital force gauge on a titanium abutment. Statistical comparison was performed with two-way mixed model ANOVA that evaluated implant design group, linear effects of turns and displacement loads, and their interaction. Results: While insertion torque increased as a function of number of turns for each design, the slope and final values increased (Po0.001) progressively from the Blossomt to the fluted to the non-fluted design (M +/- standard deviation [SD] = 64.1 +/- 26.8, 139.4 +/- 17.2, and 205.23 +/- 24.3 Ncm, respectively). While a linear relationship between horizontal displacement and lateral force was observed for each design, the slope and maximal displacement increased (Po0.001) progressively from the Blossomt to the fluted to the non-fluted design (M +/- SD 530 +/- 57.7, 585.9 +/- 82.4, and 782.33 +/- 269.4 mm, respectively). There was negligible to moderate levels of association between insertion torque and lateral displacement in the Blossomt, fluted and non-fluted design groups, respectively. Conclusion: Insertion torque was reduced in implant macrodesigns that incorporated cutting edges, and lesser insertion torque was generally associated with decreased micromovement. However, insertion torque and micromotion were unrelated within implant designs, particularly for those designs showing the least insertion torque.

Calculating the Best Dual Bound for Problems with Multiple Lagrangian Relaxations

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Application of crude xylanase from Bacillus licheniformis 77-2 to the bleaching of eucalyptus Kraft pulp

Alkalophilic Bacillus licheniformis 77-2 produced an extracellular alkali-tolerant xylanase with negligible cellulase activity in medium containing corn straw. The effectiveness of crude xylanase on treatment of eucalyptus Kraft pulp was evaluated. A biobleaching experiment was carried out to compare the chlorine saving with pulp treated and untreated by the enzyme. Two-stage bleaching was employed, using a ClO2 chlorination and NaOH extraction (DE sequence). With the enzymatic treatment, in order to obtain the same value of Kappa number and brightness, respectively 28.5 and 30% less ClO2 was required in comparison to the enzymatically untreated samples.

CP violation conditions in N-Higgs-doublet potentials

Conditions for CP violation in the scalar potential sector of general N-Higgs-doublet models are analyzed from a group theoretical perspective. For the simplest two-Higgs-doublet model potential, a minimum set of conditions for explicit and spontaneous CP violation is presented. The conditions can be given a clear geometrical interpretation in terms of quantities in the adjoint representation of the basis transformation group for the two doublets. Such conditions depend on CP-odd pseudoscalar invariants. When the potential is CP invariant, the explicit procedure to reach the real CP-basis and the explicit CP transformation can also be obtained. The procedure to find the real basis and the conditions for CP violation are then extended to general N-Higgs-doublet model potentials. The analysis becomes more involved and only a formal procedure to reach the real basis is found. Necessary conditions for CP invariance can still be formulated in terms of group invariants: the CP-odd generalized pseudoscalars. The problem can be completely solved for three Higgs-doublets.

T-duality of axial and vector dyonic integrable models

A general construction of affine nonabelian (NA)-Toda models in terms of the axial and vector gauged two loop WZNW model is discussed. They represent integrable perturbations of the conformal sigma -models (with tachyons included) describing (charged) black hole type string backgrounds. We study the off-critical T-duality between certain families of axial and vector type integrable models for the case of affine NA-Toda theories with one global U(1) symmetry. In particular we find the Lie algebraic condition defining a subclass of T-selfdual torsionless NA-Toda models and their zero curvature representation. (C) 2001 Academic Press.

Desempenho de reatores anaeróbios de fluxo ascendente com manta de lodo em dois estágios tratando águas residuárias de suinocultura

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Desempenho de processo anaeróbio em dois estágios (reator compartimentado seguido de reator UASB) para tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura

Avaliou-se o efeito das águas residuárias de suinocultura com concentrações de sólidos suspensos totais em torno de 6.000 mg L-1 (DQOtotal variando de 7.557 a 11.640 mg L-1) no desempenho de processo anaeróbio em dois estágios compostos por reator compartimentado (ABR) e reator de fluxo ascendente com manta de lodo (UASB), instalados em série, em escala-piloto (volumes de 530 e 120 L, respectivamente), submetidos a tempos de detenção hidráulica (TDH) de 56 a 18 h no primeiro reator e de 13 a 4 h no segundo reator. As eficiências médias de remoção de DQOtotal variaram de 71,1 a 87,5% no reator ABR e de 41,5 a 50,1% no reator UASB, resultando em valores médios de 86,8 a 94,9% para o sistema de tratamento anaeróbio em dois estágios com carga orgânica volumétrica (COV), na faixa de 5,05 a 10,12 kg DQOtotal (m³ d)-1, no reator ABR, e de 2,83 a 9,63 kg DQOtotal (m³ d)-1, no reator UASB. As eficiências de remoção de SST e SSV foram da ordem de 95,6%. O teor de metano no biogás manteve-se acima de 70% para os dois reatores. A produção volumétrica de metano máxima de 0,755 m³ CH4 (m³ d)-1 ocorreu no reator 1, com COV de 10,12 kg DQOtotal (m³ d)-1 e TDH de 18 h. Os valores médios de pH variaram na faixa de 7,2 a 8,0 para os efluentes dos reatores 1 e 2. Os ácidos voláteis totais mantiveram-se estáveis com concentrações abaixo de 200 mg L-1. Com variações abruptas e acentuadas de concentrações de SST e DQOtotal do afluente, os reatores mantiveram as eficiências de remoção de DQO e sólidos suspensos, em torno de 70%, e a qualidade do biogás, com 80% de CH4.

Tratamento anaeróbio de águas residuárias do beneficiamento de café por via úmida em reatores UASB em dois estágios

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)