The Effects of Sanctions and Counter-Sanctions on EU-Russian Trade Flows. CEPS Commentary, 5 July 2016

After Russia annexed Crimea in early 2014 and then intervened, manu militari, in the Eastern part of Ukraine, the European Union wanted to show its disapproval and put pressure on Russia to change its behaviour. A wide variety of measures were taken, including the imposition of individual restrictions, such as asset freezes and travel bans, but also the suspension of development loans from the EBRD. But the EU (together with the United States) also took, in July and September 2014, a set of broader measures: limited access to EU primary and secondary capital markets for targeted Russian financial institutions and energy and defence companies; export and import bans on trade in arms; an export ban for dual-use goods and reduction of Russia’s access to sensitive technologies and services linked to oil production.

(Table 1) Summary of maximum clast size and bed thickness of ODP Leg 126 samples

Subaerial debris flows, with water contents ranging from as little as 10 wt% up to no more than about 25 wt% (Pierson, 1986; Pierson and Costa, 1987), are non-Newtonian fluids that move as fairly coherent masses with yield strength (owing to bulk densities and viscosity that are much greater than those of clear water), which enables them to suspend and transport large clasts. Their flow behavior is thought to be predominantly laminar, although the relative importance of laminar and turbulent flow has not been established and is debatable. They leave deposits (debrites) that are characteristically poorly sorted with large clasts in their middle portions and commonly protruding from their tops. Although generally ungraded or normally graded in their upper portions, many have centimeter- to decimeter-thick inversely graded basal zones (Arguden and Rodolfo, 1990, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0865:SADDBH>2.3.CO;2).

Management of small waste flows /

Mode of access: Internet.

Employment in perspective : a cyclical analysis of gross flows in the labor force.

Mode of access: Internet.

Elements of aerodynamics of supersonic flows.

Bibliography: p. 385-387.

The prediction of tidal flows in canals and estuaries /

Mode of access: Internet.

Drag on naturally rippled beds under oscillatory flows /

Includes abstract.

From the Black Mountain to Waziristan, being an account of the border countries and the more turbulent of the tribes controlled by the North-west frontier province, and of our military relations with them in the past.

Mode of access: Internet.

A solid waste estimation procedure: material flows approach /

"May 1975"--Cover.

A study to conduct experiments concerning turbulent dispersion of oil slicks /

Final report; April 1978.

Heat Transfer to molten lead-bismuth eutectic in turbulent pipe flow /

"Contract No. AT-(40-1)-1061 Part 2."

Effect of gas entrainment on the heat transfer characteristics of mercury under turbulent flow conditions : final report /

"Gas entrainment, indicated by visual bubbles in the mercury, led to low heat transfer rates which were increased by increasing the static pressure. Suitable changes in the flow system resulted in a reduction of this entrainment effect and an increase in heat transfer performance."--Page iii.

A technical report on turbulent mixing in a partially ionized gas.

Mode of access: Internet.