Feasibility and acceptability of an exergame intervention for schizophrenia

Objectives To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of an exergame intervention as a tool to promote physical activity in outpatients with schizophrenia. Design Feasibility/Acceptability Study and Quasi-Experimental Trial. Method Sixteen outpatients with schizophrenia received treatment as usual and they all completed an 8-week exergame intervention using Microsoft Kinect® (20 min sessions, biweekly). Participants completed pre and post treatment assessments regarding functional mobility (Timed Up and Go Test), functional fitness performance (Senior Fitness Test), motor neurological soft signs (Brief Motor Scale), hand grip strength (digital dynamometer), static balance (force plate), speed of processing (Trail Making Test), schizophrenia-related symptoms (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) and functioning (Personal and Social Performance Scale). The EG group completed an acceptability questionnaire after the intervention. Results Attrition rate was 18.75% and 69.23% of the participants completed the intervention within the proposed schedule. Baseline clinical traits were not related to game performance indicators. Over 90% of the participants rated the intervention as satisfactory and interactive. Most participants (76.9%) agreed that this intervention promotes healthier lifestyles and is an acceptable alternative to perform physical activity. Repeated-measures MANOVA analyses found no significant multivariate effects for combined outcomes. Conclusion This study established the feasibility and acceptability of an exergame intervention for outpatients with schizophrenia. The intervention proved to be an appealing alternative to physical activity. Future trials should include larger sample sizes, explore patients' adherence to home-based exergames and consider greater intervention dosage (length, session duration, and/or frequency) in order to achieve potential effects.

Burkitt’s Lymphoma Related to Epstein–Barr Virus Infection During Pregnancy

Setting: Burkitt’s lymphoma is a rare form of cancer and is an extremely rare diagnosis during pregnancy. This form of lymphoma is a very fast growing B cell neoplasm and chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for the disease in all its stages. Case report: The authors describe the case of a Caucasian 40-year-old nulliparous woman, with previous known Epstein–Barr virus infection, that presents at 28 weeks gestation with supraclavicular adenopathy and multiple bilateral breast nodules, in which biopsy showed non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Burkitt’s type. Discussion: There are few described cases of Burkitt’s lymphoma during pregnancy and in general the outcomes have been poor. In most of the cases, the patients were not treated by current standards or instead had a late diagnosis. This neoplasia is the most rapidly progressive human tumor, and any delay in initiating therapy can adversely aVect patient’s prognosis. The authors discuss treatment options in pregnancy and its perinatal implications.

Immediate effects of hip mobilization with movement in patients with hip osteoarthritis: A randomised controlled trial

Background Mobilization with movement (MWM) has been shown to reduce pain, increase range of motion (ROM) and physical function in a range of different musculoskeletal disorders. Despite this evidence, there is a lack of studies evaluating the effects of MWM for hip osteoarthritis (OA). Objectives To determine the immediate effects of MWM on pain, ROM and functional performance in patients with hip OA. Design Randomized controlled trial with immediate follow-up. Method Forty consenting patients (mean age 78 ± 6 years; 54% female) satisfied the eligibility criteria. All participants completed the study. Two forms of MWM techniques (n = 20) or a simulated MWM (sham) (n = 20) were applied. Primary outcomes: pain recorded by numerical rating scale (NRS). Secondary outcomes: hip flexion and internal rotation ROM, and physical performance (timed up and go, sit to stand, and 40 m self placed walk test) were assessed before and after the intervention. Results For the MWM group, pain decreased by 2 points on the NRS, hip flexion increased by 12.2°, internal rotation by 4.4°, and functional tests were also improved with clinically relevant effects following the MWM. There were no significant changes in the sham group for any outcome variable. Conclusions Pain, hip flexion ROM and physical performance immediately improved after the application of MWM in elderly patients suffering hip OA. The observed immediate changes were of clinical relevance. Future studies are required to determine the long-term effects of this intervention.

Feasibility of Focal Transcranial DC Polarization with Simultaneous EEG Recording: Preliminary Assessment in Healthy Subjects and Human Epilepsy

We aimed to investigate the feasibility of an experimental system for simultaneous transcranial DC stimulation(tDCS) and EEG recording in human epilepsy. We report tolerability of this system in a cross-over controlled trial with 15 healthy subjects and preliminary effects of its use, testing repeated tDCS sessions, in two patients with drug-refractory Continuous Spike-Wave Discharges During Slow Sleep (CSWS). Our system combining continuous recording of the EEG with tDCS allows detailed evaluation of the interictal activity during the entire process. Stimulation with 1 mA was well‐tolerated in both healthy volunteers and patients with refractory epilepsy. The large reduction in interictal epileptiform EEG discharges in the two subjects with epilepsy supports further investigation of tDCS using this combined method of stimulation and monitoring in epilepsy. Continuous monitoring of epileptic activity throughout tDCS improves safety and allows detailed evaluation of epileptic activity changes induced by tDCS in patients.

Lesões das Extremidades

Banca Prática inserida no Workshop Trauma em Situações Especiais realizado no dia 8 de Dezembro de 2012 no CHLisboa Central que aborda a avaliação primária e secundária das lesões das extremidades bem como casos particulares nomeadamente a amputação traumática e o uso de garrote e as queimaduras dos membros. Na mesma prática demonstrou-se a aplicação do garrote CAT (R) e do "Cling Film".

A 63-Year-Old Woman Presenting with a Synovial Sarcoma of the Hand: a Case Report

INTRODUCTION: Synovial sarcoma is a high-grade, soft-tissue sarcoma that most frequently is located in the vicinity of joints, tendons or bursae, although it can also be found in extra-articular locations. Most patients with synovial sarcoma of the hand are young and have a poor prognosis, as these tumors are locally aggressive and are associated with a relatively high metastasis rate. According to the literature, local recurrence and/or metastatic disease is found in nearly 80% of patients. Current therapy comprises surgery, systemic and limb perfusion chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, the 5-year survival rate is estimated to be only around 27% to 55%. Moreover, most authors agree that synovial sarcoma is one of the most commonly misdiagnosed malignancies of soft tissues because of their slow growing pattern, benign radiographic appearance, ability to change size, and the fact that they may elicit pain similar to that caused by common trauma. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe an unusual case of a large synovial sarcoma of the hand in a 63-year-old Caucasian woman followed for 12 years by a multidisciplinary team. In addition, a literature review of the most pertinent aspects of the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of these patients is presented. CONCLUSION: Awareness of this rare tumor by anyone dealing with hand pathology can hasten diagnosis, and this, in turn, can potentially increase survival. Therefore, a high index of suspicion for this disease should be kept in mind, particularly when evaluating young people, as they are the most commonly affected group.

Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis in an Infant: A Rare Cause of Difficult Airway

1.Pre-assessment data of the patient A 2-year-old boy, weighing 15 kg was admitted with a history of limited mouth opening(inter-incisor distance of 6 mm), hypoplastic and retrognathic mandible (bird face deformity) and facial asymmetry from left temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA). He was born at term, after an uneventful pregnancy, and there was no report of trauma during caesarean section. No other possible aetiologies were identified. He was scheduled for mandibular osteotomy. Preoperative ENT examination revealed adenotonsillar hypertrophy. 2. Anaesthetic Plan A fiberoptic nasal intubation was performed under deep inhalation anaesthesia with sevoflurane, with the patient breathing spontaneously. Midazolam (0.05 mg.kg-1) and alfentanil (0.03 mg.kg-1) were given and anaesthesia was maintained with O2/air and sevoflurane. No neuromuscular blocking agent was administered since the surgical team needed facial nerve monitoring. 3. Description of incident During surgery an accidental extubation occurred and an attempt was made to reintubate the trachea by direct laryngoscopy. Although the osteotomy was nearly completed, the vocal cords could not be visualized (Cormack-Lehane grade IV laryngoscopic view). 4. Solving the problem Re-intubation was finally accomplished with the flexible fiberscope and the procedure was concluded without any more incidents. Extubation was performed 24 hours postoperatively with the patient fully awake. After surgery mouth opening improved to inter-incisor gap of 15 mm. 5. Lessons learned and take home message Two airways issues present in this case can lead to difficultventilation and intubation: TMJA and adenotonsillar hypertrophy. These difficulties were anticipated and managed accordingly. The accidental extubation brought to our attention the fact that, even after surgical correction, this airway remains challenging. Even with intensive jaw stretchingexercises there is a high incidence of re-ankylosis, especially in younger patients. One should bear that in mind when anaesthetizing patients with TMJA.

Influence of cardiorespiratory fitness and parental lifestyle on adolescents' abdominal obesity

The aims of this study were (1) to analyse the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and parental overweight status (POS) and socioeconomic status (SES) on abdominal obesity. This study was comprised of 779 adolescents (12-18 years). Waist-height ratio (WHtR), 20 m shuttle-run test to ascertain CRF, POS according to World Health Organization recommendations and SES of parents using level of education were analysed. Using WHtR, the prevalence of abdominal obesity was 21.3% (23.5% girls and 17.9% boys; p = 0.062). Regardless of gender, participants who belonged to the WHtR risk group had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower CRF scores than the WHtR non-risk group; 84.4% of girls who belonged to the WHtR risk group had one or two overweight parents (p ≤ 0.05). Boys with low CRF (OR: 6.43; CI: 3.33-12.39) were more likely to belong to the WHtR risk group compared with their lean peers. Girls with low CRF (OR: 1.78; CI: 1.14-2.78) and with at least one overweight parent (OR: 2.50; CI: 1.07-5.85) or two overweight parents (OR: 4.90; CI: 2.08-11.54) were associated with the risk of abdominal obesity. This study highlights the influence of adolescents' family on abdominal obesity, especially in girls. Further, the data suggested that low CRF was a strong predictor of risk values of abdominal obesity in adolescence.

Mobilidade funcional, risco de queda, nível de actividade física e percepção de saúde em indivíduos com 65 ou mais anos

RESUMO:O objectivo deste estudo foi analisar a relação entre mobilidade funcional, risco de queda, nível de actividade física e percepção de saúde de 34 indivíduos praticantes (n=18) e não praticantes (n=16) de exercício físico duas ou mais vezes por semana durante pelo menos 45 minutos, residentes na comunidade e ambulatórios. Tipo de estudo: transversal exploratório-descritivo. Metodologia: foi feito um levantamento das variáveis de caracterização (idade, sexo, habilitações literárias, situação sócio-económica, situação familiar) e do estado cognitivo e estado emocional/depressão (Mini-Mental State Examination e Geriatric Depression Scale). As variáveis em análise foram: a mobilidade funcional avaliada através do Timed up and GoTest, o risco de queda medido com o Funtional Reach Test, o nível de actividade física avaliado através do Questionário Internacional de Actividade Física (IPAQ) e a percepção de saúde medida através do SF-6D. Foi também questionada a prática de alguma modalidade de exercício físico, da sua frequência e duração. Os dados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva, foi realizada uma regressão linear múltipla e uma análise bivariada das correlações, utilizando o coeficiente de correlação linear de Pearson (p ≤ 0,05).Resultados: verificou-se que, na amostra global, a maioria dos indivíduos apresentou uma mobilidade funcional considerada normal (TUG<10 segundos), e um risco de queda moderado (FRT entre 15,24 e 25,40 cm), embora sem diferenças entre os grupos em análise. A actividade física apresentou uma duração média de 685,88±540,16 minutos por semana, sendo que 18 indivíduos praticavam exercício físico pelo menos 45 minutos e duas ou mais vezes por semana.A percepção do estado de saúde foi bastante satisfatória, sendo a pontuação média do SF-6D de 0,915±0,067. A análise entre grupos demonstrou que o grupo que praticava exercício físico apresentava um maior número de indivíduos na faixa etária dos 65-74 anos, tinha mais escolarização e melhor estado cognitivo. Estes indivíduos eram fisicamente mais activos e faziam-o, na sua maioria, com uma frequência bissemanal, apenas um desempenhando uma modalidade de intensidade vigorosa. A análise estatística demonstrou que: a mobilidade funcional e o risco de queda eram mais desfavoráveis nos indivíduos com mais idade; o estado cognitivo estava associado a maior mobilidade funcional; uma boa mobilidade funcional correspondeu a um risco de queda reduzido, a mais prática de actividade física, a melhor percepção do estado de saúde e a manutenção do estado cognitivo. Os indivíduos com menor risco de queda apresentaram melhor estado cognitivo e emocional. E este último correspondeu a uma melhor percepção do estado de saúde e a um melhor estado cognitivo. Conclusão: a manutenção da mobilidade funcional reduz o risco de queda aumenta a prática de actividade física e melhora a percepção de saúde de indivíduos com 65 ou mais anos residentes na comunidade.--------- ABSTRACT: Objective: the aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between functional mobility, falls risk, level of physical activity and health perception in a sample of 34 subjects, 18 that practice exercise two or more times a week for at least 45 minutes and 16 that don’t practice exercise, residents and community. Designs: cross-sectional exploratory-descriptive survey. Methods: descriptive variables are age, sex, education, socio-economic level, family status, cognitive status (Mini-Mental State Examination) and emotional status/depression (Geriatric Depression Scale). We analyze the functional mobility with the Timed up and Go Test, the falls risk with Functional Reach Test, the level of physical activity with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and health perception with SF-6D. We also questioned the practice of exercise, their frequency and duration. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a multiple linear regression analysis and bivariate correlations, using the linear correlation coefficient of Pearson (p ≤ 0.05). Results: we found that, in the total sample, most individuals had considered a normal functional mobility (TUG <10 seconds), and a moderate falls risk (FRT between 15.24 and 25.40 cm), but no difference between groups. Physical activity showed an mean of 685.88 ± 540.16 minutes per week, with 18 individuals pratice physical exercise at least 45 minutes and two or more times per week. The mean score of the SF-6D was 0.915 ± 0.067 and the perception of health was satisfactory. The analysis between groups showed that the group that practice physical exercise had a greater number of individuals aged 65-74 years, had more schooling and better cognitive status. These subjects were more physically active and mostly did it two times a weak and only one playing a kind of vigorous intensity. The multiple linear regression and correlations, using the linear correlation coefficient of Pearson (p≤0.05) showed that: functional mobility and fall risk decrease with age increase. The cognitive status was associated with greater functional mobility, a good functional mobility corresponded to a reduced falls risk, more physical activity, a better perception of health status and maintenance of cognitive status. Subjects with lower falls risk had better cognitive and emotional state. And subjects with a better emotional status have a better health perception and better cognitive status. Conclusion: the maintenance of functional mobility reduces falls risk, increase physical activity and improves health perception of individuals with 65 years or older living in the community.

Falsos Negativos em Citologia Cervical. A Propósito de um Caso Clínico

A redução na incidência e morbimortalidade do cancro do colo invasivo deveu-se, e deve-se, ao diagnóstico e terapêutica das lesões precursoras do cancro cervical, contribuindo para este objectivo a implementação de métodos e programas de rastreio eficazes com citologia cervical. É do conhecimento geral que a citologia cervical é um método de rastreio eficaz mas apresenta limitações. Os falso negativos podem atingir mais de 50%, uma taxa de 5 a 10% é considerada aceitável pela maioria dos autores. Taxas inferiores a 5% são apresentados nas melhores séries. Como a citologia é um exame de rastreio e não um teste diagnóstico, se a sintomatologia e/ou a clínica sugerirem patologia, a investigação deverá prosseguir, mesmo na presença de citologia negativa. O caso clínico que se apresenta ilustra e pede atenção para a problemática dos resultados falsamente negativos da citologia cervical.

A Ressonância Magnética no Diagnóstico Pré-Natal de Anomalias do SNC. A Propósito de 8 Casos Clínicos

A ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) é um meio complementar de diagnóstico que só recentemente começou a ser utilizado na investigação de patologia fetal. São enormes as suas potencialidades sobretudo no esclarecimento de dificuldades de diagnóstico suscitadas pela ecografia e perante situações de risco acrescido de anomalias congénitas do sistema nervoso central. Os autores efectuaram uma avaliação retrospectiva de oito casos, em que foi realizada RMN cerebral fetal no Centro de Ressonância Magnética de Caselas, entre Março de 1999 e Agosto de 2001. Foi efectuado estudo anatomopatológico nas situações de interrupção da gravidez (5 casos). Os outros casos tiveram acompanhamento pós-natal em consulta de Neuropediatria. A RMN confirmou o diagnóstico ecográfico nas duas situações variantes do normal. Não foi concordante com a ecografia no caso de suspeita de teratoma encefálico – a RMN revelou tratar-se duma malformação artério-venosa do seio da dura-mater com trombose ao nível da tórcula. Nos restantes cinco casos confirmou e caracterizou melhor as lesões detectadas na ecografia. A RMN teve implicações na conduta obstétrica: tranquilizou os pais em 2 casos de suspeita ecográfica e permitiu um melhor aconselhamento, ao definir melhor a gravidade das lesões observadas na ecografia.

A natureza nos poemas homéricos

Falar de natureza é abordar um tema tão vasto quanto o próprio termo indica. Na verdade, se atentarmos no seu étimo, o vocábulo latino natura, constatamos que ele pode ser usado nas mais diversas acepções, bem como o seu correlativo grego, (p\)aiç. Significados como os de origem, nascimento, causa de existência, desenvolvimento, maneira de ser, aparência, tamanho, temperamento, aliados aos que usualmente atribuímos a natureza, não lhe são de todo estranhos. Significa isto que, ao falar de natureza não estamos necessariamente a falar do ambiente que nos rodeia, ou de locais mais ou menos atractivos, mais ou menos agradáveis, mais ou menos exóticos, mas podemos também estar a falar da natureza, do caracter do próprio indivíduo. E isto aplica-se sobremaneira aos Poemas Homéricos, já que neles encontramos a natureza abordada nesta dupla acepção: descrições da natureza na sua acepção mais comum a par da própria natureza humana. Dito isto, podemos dividir a nossa comunicação em duas partes: uma primeira relativa ao caracter do herói homérico e uma segunda que abordará o modo como são feitas as descrições que o poeta nos apresenta da natureza.

Sirenomelia. A Propósito de um Caso Clínico

A Sirenomelia é uma malformação congénita rara e letal, que se caracteriza pela fusão dos membros inferiores em posição mediana, estando associada a outras malformações graves esqueléticas, dos aparelhos urogenital e gastro-intestinal inferior. Os autore3s, a propósito de um caso clínico, realizaram uma revisão da literatura relativa à etiologia, diagnóstico diferencial, bem como as possibilidades de diagnóstico pré-natal.

Neurofibromatose do Tipo 1 - Proposta de Protocolo de Seguimento

A Neurofibromatose tipo a (NF1) é uma doença multissistémica de carácter progressivo. Tem uma expressão fenotípica muito variada, sem factores preditivos de gravidade. Objectivos: caracterizar a população pediátrica com NF! seguida na consulta de Neurologia Pediátrica no Hospital de Dona Estefânia (HDE) e os principais motivos de referência; definir um protocolo de seguimento; definir critérios de referenciação para o neuropediatra. Material e Métodos: realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo e longitudinal através da consulta dos processos clínicos. Incluiu todas as crianças com critérios de diagnóstico de NF1 de acordo com National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference criteria de 1988. Os dados foram comparados com outras séries recentes. Resultados: São 28 as crianças com critérios de diagnóstico de NF1, 15 (53%) do sexo feminino e 17 (60,7%) com anetecendentes familiares de NF1. A média da idade do diagnóstico é de 3,6 +-3,3 anos (3m-14a) e a idade actual é de 8 +-7,05 anos (11m-15a). O principal motivo de referenciação à consulta de Neurologia foi um pedido de orientação face à presença de manchas "café cpm leite", que estiveram presentes em 100% dos casos. a epilepsia ocorreu em 4 (14,2%)crianças, com crises parciais complexas. Surgiram complicações graves em 7 crianças (25%): tumor do SNC (3); linfoma (1); pseudoartrose da tíbia (1); epilepsia refractária (1); neurofibroma retroperitoneal (1).