Does technological progress magnify regional disparities?

We study how technological progress in manufacturing and transportation to-gether with migration costs interact to shape the space-economy. Rising labor productivity in the manufacturing sector fosters the agglomeration of activities, whereas falling transport costs associated with technological and organizational in-novations fosters their dispersion. Since these two forces have been at work for a long time, the final outcome must depend on how drops in the costs of producing and trading goods interact with the various costs borne by migrants. Finally, when labor is heterogeneous, the most efficient workers of the less productive region are the first to move to the more productive region.

Competence Training in Higher Education: The case of the Technological Master "Prestación de Servicios Profesionales" from the Colegio de Postgraduados (México).

The Competency-Based Education in the context of training is intended as a comprehensive approach that seeks to link education with the productive sector and increase the potential of individuals, in the face of social, economic, political and cultural transformations that suffers the world and the contemporary society; this is how educational services associated to the rural area takes part of the global revalorization of the role of learning and knowledge. Under the competence approach and taking into account the CONOCER model, we design a Technological Master from the “Colegio de Postgraduados” identifying the competences needed so that the students, professional from different areas of knowledge, managed to develop them, but mainly to achieve the goal of developing the capacities of producers in Mexican rural area.

Towards a Transfer Model of Scientific and Technological Knowledge: the Case of Mexico

This paper shows the development of a science-technological knowledge transfer model in Mexico, as a means to boost the limited relations between the scientific and industrial environments. The proposal is based on the analysis of eight organizations (research centers and firms) with varying degrees of skill in the practice of science-technological knowledge transfer, and carried out by the case study approach. The analysis highlights the synergistic use of the organizational and technological capabilities of each organization, as a means to identification of the knowledge transfer mechanisms best suited to enabling the establishment of cooperative processes, and achieve the R&D and innovation activities results.

An Analysis of the Influence of Students´ Technological Culture on Their Technology

decade has raised the interest among the research community on the acceptance and use of these systems by both teachers and students. At first, the implementation of LMS was based on their technical design and the adaptation of the learning processes to the virtual environment, neglecting students’ characteristics when the systems were deployed, which led to expensive and failing implementations. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) proposes a framework which allows the study of the acceptance and use of technology that takes into consideration the students’ characteristics and how they affect the acceptance and the degree of use of educational technology. This study questions the role of the user’s attitude towards use of LMS and uses the UTAUT to examine the moderating effect of technological culture in the adoption of LMS in Spain. The results from the comparison and analysis of three different models confirm the relevance of attitude towards use as an antecedent of intention to use the system, as well as the important moderating effect of gender and technological culture. The discussion of results suggests the need for a more in-depth analysis and interrelations of cultural dimensions in the adoption of educational technologies and learning management systems

Advanced methodologies for the dendrogeomorphic analysis of past floods and related risks

This communication presents an overview of their first results and innovate methodologies, focused in their possibilities and limitations for the reconstruction of recent floods and paleofloods over the World.

Applications of Infrared Thermography as innovative technological solution in sports injuries

Infrared thermography IR is a technique, which allows us to get rapidly and non-invasive thermal images from objects or human beings. (Barnes, 1967). In Medicine, its usefulness as diagnosis tool was accepted decades ago (BenEliyahu, 1990), but other techniques with a higher efficiency -such as magnetic resonance or x-rays- ousted it. Nevertheless, the technological improvements on thermographic cameras and new studies on sport injuries are reinforcing new applications (Ring, 2006)

El Internet de las Cosas y los nuevos riesgos para la privacidad

Este trabajo consiste en la elaboración de un proyecto de investigación, orientado al estudio del Internet de las Cosas y los riesgos que presenta para la privacidad. En los últimos años se han puesto en marcha numerosos proyectos y se han realizado grandes avances tecnológicos con el fin de hacer del Internet de las Cosas una realidad, sin embargo aspectos críticos como la seguridad y la privacidad todavía no están completamente solucionados. El objetivo de este Trabajo Fin de Master es realizar un análisis en profundidad del Internet del Futuro, ampliando los conocimientos adquiridos durante el Máster, estudiando paso a paso los fundamentos sobre los que se asienta y reflexionando acerca de los retos a los que se enfrenta y el efecto que puede tener su implantación para la privacidad. El trabajo se compone de 14 capítulos estructurados en 4 partes. Una primera parte de introducción en la que se explican los conceptos del Internet de las Cosas y la computación ubicua, como preámbulo a las siguientes secciones. Posteriormente, en la segunda parte, se analizan los aspectos tecnológicos y relativos a la estandarización de esta nueva red. En la tercera parte se presentan los principales proyectos de investigación que existen actualmente y las diferentes áreas de aplicación que tiene el Internet del Futuro. Y por último, en la cuarta parte, se realiza un análisis del concepto de privacidad y se estudian, mediante diferentes escenarios de aplicación, los riesgos que puede suponer para la privacidad la implantación del Internet de las Cosas. This paper consists of the preparation of a research project aimed to study the Internet of Things and the risks it poses to privacy. In recent years many projects have been launched and new technologies have been developed to make the Internet of Things a reality; however, critical issues such as security and privacy are not yet completely solved. The purpose of this project is to make a rigorous analysis of the Future Internet, increasing the knowledge acquired during the Masters, studying step by step the basis on which the Internet of Things is founded, and reflecting on the challenges it faces and the effects it can have on privacy. The project consists of 14 chapters structured in four parts. The first part consists of an introduction which explains the concepts of the Internet of Things and ubiquitous computing as a preamble to the next parts. Then, in the second part, technological and standardization issues of this new network are studied. The third part presents the main research projects and Internet of Things application areas. And finally, the fourth part includes an analysis of the privacy concept and also an evaluation of the risks the Internet of Things poses to privacy. These are examined through various application scenarios.

Economic analysis of drought risks: an application to irrigated agriculture in Spain

Abstract This paper describes a two-part methodology for managing the risk posed by water supply variability to irrigated agriculture. First, an econometric model is used to explain the variation in the production value of irrigated agriculture. The explanatory variables include an index of irrigation water availability (surface storage levels), a price index representative of the crops grown in each geographical unit, and a time variable. The model corrects for autocorrelation and it is applied to 16 representative Spanish provinces in terms of irrigated agriculture. In the second part, the fitted models are used for the economic evaluation of drought risk. In flow variability in the hydrological system servicing each province is used to perform ex-ante evaluations of economic output for the upcoming irrigation season. The model?s error and the probability distribution functions (PDFs) of the reservoirs? storage variations are used to generate Monte Carlo (Latin Hypercube) simulations of agricultural output 7 and 3 months prior to the irrigation season. The results of these simulations illustrate the different risk profiles of each management unit, which depend on farm productivity and on the probability distribution function of water in flow to reservoirs. The potential for ex-ante drought impact assessments is demonstrated. By complementing hydrological models, this method can assist water managers and decisionmakers in managing reservoirs.

Algunos retos de la protección de datos en la sociedad del conocimiento. Especial detenimiento en la computación en la nube (cloud computing).

Los continuos avances tecnológicos están trayendo consigo nuevas formas de almacenar, tratar y comunicar datos personales. Es necesario repensar el derecho fundamental a la protección de datos, y arbitrar mecanismos para adaptarlo a las nuevas formas de tratamiento. a nivel europeo se está trabajando en una nueva propuesta de regulación que consideramos, en general, muy apropiada para afrontar los nuevos retos en esta materia. para ejemplificar todo esto, en el presente estudio se plantea de forma detallada el caso de la computación en nube, sus principales características y algunas preocupaciones acerca de los riesgos potenciales que su utilización trae consigo. Abstract: Rapid technological developments are bringing new ways to store, process and communicate personal data. We need to rethink the fundamental right to data protection and adapt it to new forms of treatment. there is a new «european» proposal for a regulation on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data, well suited to meet the new challenges. this study offers one example of this: the cloud computing, its main characteristics and some concerns about the potential risks that its use entails.

Assessment of self-combustion risks for solid fuels (POSTER)

Every solid fuel has a tendency to react with oxygen, a fact that constitutes the basis of their ability to oxidation and energy intake for combustion, but that poses a risk when it occurs in an uncontrolled manner. When the slow oxidation phenomenon produces more heat than can be evacuated, the result is a heating process, which promotes combustion reactions, primarily fuel oxidation, and a progressive increase in temperature.

CO2 soil flux baseline at the technological development plant for CO2 injection at Hontomin (Burgos, Spain)

From the end of 2013 and during the following two years, 20 kt of CO2sc are planned to be injected in a saline reservoir (1500 m depth) at the Hontomín site (NE Spain). The target aquifers are Lower Jurassic limestone formations which are sealed by Lower Cretaceous clay units at the Hontomín site (NE Spain). The injection of CO2 is part of the activities committed in the Technology Development phase of the EC-funded OXYCFB300 project (European Energy Program for Recovery – EEPR, http://www.compostillaproject.eu), which include CO2 injection strategies, risk assessment, and testing and validating monitoring methodologies and techniques. Among the monitoring works, the project is intended to prove that present-day technology is able to monitor the evolution of injected CO2 in the reservoir and to detect potential leakage. One of the techniques is the measurement of CO2 flux at the soil–atmosphere interface, which includes campaigns before, during and after the injection operations. In this work soil CO2 flux measurements in the vicinity of oil borehole, drilled in the eighties and named H-1 to H-4, and injection and monitoring wells were performed using an accumulation chamber equipped with an IR sensor. Seven surveys were carried out from November 2009 to summer 2011. More than 4000 measurements were used to determine the baseline flux of CO2 and its seasonal variations. The measured values were low (from 5 to 13 g m−2 day−1) and few outliers were identified, mainly located close to the H-2 oil well. Nevertheless, these values cannot be associated to a deep source of CO2, being more likely related to biological processes, i.e. soil respiration. No anomalies were recognized close to the deep fault system (Ubierna Fault) detected by geophysical investigations. There, the CO2 flux is indeed as low as other measurement stations. CO2 fluxes appear to be controlled by the biological activity since the lowest values were recorded during autumn-winter seasons and they tend to increase in warm periods. Two reference CO2 flux values (UCL50 of 5 g m−2 d−1 for non-ploughed areas in autumn–winter seasons and 3.5 and 12 g m−2 d−1 for in ploughed and non-ploughed areas, respectively, in spring–summer time, and UCL99 of 26 g m−2 d−1 for autumn–winter in not-ploughed areas and 34 and 42 g m−2 d−1 for spring–summer in ploughed and not-ploughed areas, respectively) were calculated. Fluxes higher than these reference values could be indicative of possible leakage during the operational and post-closure stages of the storage project.

Sustainable development using fuzzy logic

Se utiliza la lógica borrosa para elaborar un modelo útil para analizar el desarrollo sostenible de proyectos. The sustainable development is defined as “the development that satisfies needs of the present time without endangering the capacity of future generations to satisfy theirs”. The term “sustainable development” represents that balance between the satisfaction of present needs and the future ones, offering options of technological and social growth for reducing the risks meaning trends of topical increase. The idea of sustainability can be analysed from three perspectives: environmental, social and economic

FRe building technological products

Nowadays "Flood Resilient (FRe) Building Technological Products" is an undefined concept, and concerned FRe solutions cannot be even easily identified. There is an interest in offering an identification and classification of the referred products, since it will be useful for stakeholders and populations at flood risk for adopting the most adequate protections when facing floods. There are many barriers for the implementation of "FRe building technological products", and particularly their standardization is still a major challenge. To put into contact such solutions with final customers, it appears necessary to protocolize them all. The classification effort achieved in this document shall be considered as a necessary preliminary step in order to open the road to the market to FRe building technological solutions.

A cybernetic theory about computer interfaces and human factors within a framework of technological innovation

This paper is based on the following postulates taken from a book recently published by this author (Sáez-Vacas, 1990(1)): a) technological innovation in a company is understood to be the process and set of changes that the company undergoes as a result of a specific type of technology; b) the incorporation of technology in the company does not necessarily result in innovation, modernization and progress; c) the very words "modernization" and "progress" are completely bereft of any meaning if isolated from the concept of complexity in its broadest sense, including the human factor. Turning to office technology in specific, the problem of managing office technology for business innovation purposes can be likened to the problem of managing third level complexity, following the guidelines of a three-level complexity model proposed by the author some years ago

Analyzing climate change adaptation in the agriculture and water sectors: screening risks and opportunities.

As part of the Mediterranean area, the Guadiana basin in Spain is particularly exposed to increasing water stress due to climate change. Future warmer and drier climate will have negative implications for the sustainability of water resources and irrigation agriculture, the main socio- economic sector in the region. This paper illustrates a systematic analysis of climate change impacts and adaptation in the Guadiana basin based on a two-stage modeling approach. First, an integrated hydro-economic modeling framework was used to simulate the potential effects of regional climate change scenarios for the period 2000-2069. Second, a participatory multi-criteria technique, namely the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), was applied to rank potential adaptation measures based on agreed criteria. Results show that, in the middle-long run and under severe climate change, reduced water availability, lower crop yields and increased irrigation demands might lead to water shortages, crop failure, and up to ten percent of income losses to irrigators. AHP results show how private farming adaptation measures, including improving irrigation efficiency and adjusting crop varieties, are preferred to public adaptation measures, such as building new dams. The integrated quantitative and qualitative methodology used in this research can be considered a socially-based valuable tool to support adaptation decision-making.