Prospecção gênica e diversidade bacteriana de um consórcio degradador de óleo diesel

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

The United States and Latin America and the Caribbean: highlights of economy and trade

Document prepared on the occasion of the visit of President Barack Obama to Brazil, Chile and El Salvador in March 2011

Epidemiological and oral manifestations of HIV-positive patients in a specialized service in Brazil

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of oral lesions in HIV-positive patients attending the Specialized Service for Infectious-contagious Diseases and Parasitoses of the Health Secretariat of the State of Pará (URE-DIPE/SESPA), in the city of Belém, PA, Brazil. A total of 79 HIV-positive patients (53 males and 26 females) were examined. Clinical and epidemiological evaluations were done by correlating the lesions with gender, race, chronological age, risk behavior and prevailing immune status (CD4+ cells count). Lesion location and the presence of associated factors, such as alcohol use, smoking and denture wearing, were quantified individually for each type of lesion using a diagnostic pattern based on the clinical aspects. Approximately 47% of the patients (n=37) presented some type of oral lesion. Candidiasis (28%) and periodontal disease (28%) were the most common, followed by cervical-facial lymphadenopathy (17.5%). Other lesions observed were hairy leukoplakia, melanin hyperpigmentation, ulcerative stomatitis (aphthous), herpes simplex, frictional keratosis and pyogenic granuloma. This analysis presented some relevance as to the statistical data. Concerning CD4+ cells, most lesions manifested with the reduction of the CD count. There were a larger number of HIV-positive female heterosexual patients. Alcohol and/or smoking were strongly associated with the occurrence of hairy leukoplakia in these patients. Candidiasis and periodontal disease were the most common oro-regional clinical manifestations in the patients.

Atenção à saúde e modos de andar a vida: a produção de conhecimentos em psicologia e os subsídios para um cuidado que pretenda produzir saúde para crianças e famílias nos contextos de pobreza

Um cuidado em saúde que vise a integralidade em suas ações e propostas deve levar em consideração os contextos singulares de vida da população e de cada pessoa em particular, se observadas as considerações da bibliografia especializada. Sabe-se que o Brasil é um país que apresenta um grave quadro de desigualdade social e o conhecimento da diversidade cultural existente entre os grupos sociais que co-existem em nosso país é fundamental para a realização de um cuidado em saúde integral com a população. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender se e de que forma os elementos considerados importantes para a produção de saúde no contexto de vulnerabilidade social no Brasil estão sendo levados em conta na produção acadêmica da área da psicologia. Para isso, foram analisados textos presentes na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, a partir da relação psicologia e SUS, totalizando 37 estudos. A importância de uma prática contextualizada foi evidenciada, porém não houve em nenhum dos textos a descrição das especificidades dos contextos familiares em situação de pobreza, sinalizando que este conhecimento não está disponível na área e que saberes de áreas distintas da saúde são fundamentais para um cuidado integral em saúde. A integralidade, o trabalho em equipe e a prevenção e promoção à saúde são elementos significativos nas produções, porém podemos perceber que estas diretrizes encontram-se ainda no plano da reflexão e verbalização, de um modo geral não traduzindo-se em práticas profissionais. Os desafios que distanciam a prática dos profissionais da psicologia e as diretrizes do SUS resumem-se em uma formação voltada para o atendimento clínico individual e a consequente prática descontextualizada, voltada para a psicoterapia. Outros desafios assinalados foram formas de organização do próprio SUS e a desconsideração deste profissional como generalista nas políticas de saúde. O conceito de resiliência de um modo geral não está presente nos estudos, mas a presença de elementos importantes para promover a autonomia dos indivíduos demonstra que formas de fortalecer os indivíduos foram considerados importantes. Foram analisadas também as estratégias de educação: formação acadêmica e Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS). Observou-se que a discussão sobre a formação está presente na maioria dos textos e que mudanças tímidas já foram constatadas buscando aproximar a área da realidade do SUS. A EPS não é um fator significativo nos estudos, e seu potencial ainda não foi explorado no que concerne a psicologia.

Phytotherapy: an introduction to its history, use and application

There has been a great advance in the pharmacognosy field, which has increased the use of medicinal plants by health professionals and practitioners of folk medicine. This systematic review explored the history and the present day application of phytotherapeutic medicines. We searched the databases Cochrane Library, Embase, Lilacs, PubMed, Scielo and a specialized bibliography. We concluded that there are many therapeutic potentialities in the use of phytotherapeutic medicines and medicinal plants. We also concluded that despite the increasing number of publications in the field each year, there is still a lack of reviews and meta-analyses that could promote a better integration of the knowledge produced. In addition, research about pharmacological interactions and multidisciplinary studies may promote a quicker and safer process from the workbench up to the clinical trials.

Identification of Novel Compounds Inhibiting Chikungunya Virus-Induced Cell Death by High Throughput Screening of a Kinase Inhibitor Library

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne arthrogenic alphavirus that causes acute febrile illness in humans accompanied by joint pains and in many cases, persistent arthralgia lasting weeks to years. The re-emergence of CHIKV has resulted in numerous outbreaks in the eastern hemisphere, and threatens to expand in the foreseeable future. Unfortunately, no effective treatment is currently available. The present study reports the use of resazurin in a cell-based high-throughput assay, and an image-based high-content assay to identify and characterize inhibitors of CHIKV-infection in vitro. CHIKV is a highly cytopathic virus that rapidly kills infected cells. Thus, cell viability of HuH-7 cells infected with CHIKV in the presence of compounds was determined by measuring metabolic reduction of resazurin to identify inhibitors of CHIKV-associated cell death. A kinase inhibitor library of 4,000 compounds was screened against CHIKV infection of HuH-7 cells using the resazurin reduction assay, and the cell toxicity was also measured in non-infected cells. Seventy-two compounds showing >= 50% inhibition property against CHIKV at 10 mu M were selected as primary hits. Four compounds having a benzofuran core scaffold (CND0335, CND0364, CND0366 and CND0415), one pyrrolopyridine (CND0545) and one thiazol-carboxamide (CND3514) inhibited CHIKV-associated cell death in a dose-dependent manner, with EC50 values between 2.2 mu M and 7.1 mu M. Based on image analysis, these 6 hit compounds did not inhibit CHIKV replication in the host cell. However, CHIKV-infected cells manifested less prominent apoptotic blebs typical of CHIKV cytopathic effect compared with the control infection. Moreover, treatment with these compounds reduced viral titers in the medium of CHIKV-infected cells by up to 100-fold. In conclusion, this cell-based high-throughput screening assay using resazurin, combined with the image-based high content assay approach identified compounds against CHIKV having a novel antiviral activity -inhibition of virus-induced CPE - likely by targeting kinases involved in apoptosis.

Library Classifications Criticism: Universality, Poststructuralism and Ethics

We study library classifications criticisms from a poststructuralist and pragmatist point of view that rejects the idea of universality in knowledge organization systems. From this perspective, we analize the seminal texts on library classifications criticisms and conclude that the seek of neutrality in some of these texts is not only an impossible goal but also a contradiction in the representation of different cultures. Therefore, we suggest the commitment with the goals and the recognition of bias in library classifications as an important device for achieving a transcultural ethics in knowledge organization and representation.

Cultura da Wikipédia como Política de capacitação compartilhada em meio digital de socialização do conhecimento

Presents a developing laboratory within History of Culture, subject taught in the Library and Archive Studies at UNESP (Marilia). The project is based upon the foundations of research line Information and Technology: students from the second under graduation year participate in the improving of 27 entries in Portuguese language Wikipedia. The aim is to capacitate for scientific reading and writing in digital media, habilitate for the information identification and recuperation and for the interpretation and understanding of formal and contents aspects and its reorganization. It includes activities of search, selection, remix and republishing of texts, images, audio and videos in the convergence of diverse hypertext information sources, supported by tutors with strategic abilities in digital environments. In this sense it was adhered to the international Wikipedia Foundation University Campus Ambassadors project. It’s also aimed to induce sharing and collaboration behaviors with the purpose of creating necessary habits for the informational empowerment in Brazil. As methodology is to optimize the work of individuals already trained in wiki culture and to create in within the subject information sharing programs with a more specialized bias, giving greater credibility to the digital environment. The environment syntaxes helps in the learning of the complementary skills of reading and writing and offers itself as an open repository from which information can be reused. It is, thus, an empowerment strategy in the search of autonomy and self reliance considering intersemiotic knowledge in the edition, visualization and understanding of information in the social web. A second step of a verifying research on the environment’s credibility after the consolidation and dissemination of the entries improvement work is proposed.

As linguagens documentais para as bibliotecas escolares: o caso da Espanha, Portugal e Brasil

This article analyzes the specific features and processes of indexing and classification performed in school libraries to process and retrieve information from their collections. Subject languages used in Spanish, Portuguese and Brazilian Portuguese school libraries are also analyzed. To achieve this goal, the concept of school library was analyzed, its function was studied and the techniques and tools that allow the information organization were examined. Among the tools, we studied the Subject Headings Lists for children and juveniles’ books and the Subject Headings List for public libraries, the Universal Decimal Classification System (paperback edition) or the classification by fields of interest and specialized thesauri like the Tesauro de la Educación UNESCO-OIE and the TesauroEuropeo de la Educación.

Measuring Knowledge Management: A Strategic Approach to Library Information Services

In the study of theoretical trends in Administration, the management of information follows the development of theories of Administration; constant-adaptations are suffered. Information Science area understands and concerns itself with the changes wrought in these endeavour of the knowledge society as new forms of communication and integration. The libraries interact in ways that maximize access to information and facilitate the improvement on their structural environment as strategic approach for your services. The research aims at identifying the requirements and specifications of an information system for knowledge management in the public’s library environment and proposes to achieve a pre-defined structure for the implementation of administration management. The research is conducted with public’s library of the metropolitan region of the North’s Portugal. Portugal libraries are institutions that operate in the social process of their communities reflecting the society and its organic sphere of informational performance. These libraries have developed the organizational theories to make a framework easily for effective management practices and have been using their produced knowledge in the optimization of their actions. In the improvement of systems, theoretical administrative trends become management decisions and result in the ultimate success of the organization. In order to achieve its objectives the study verified an economy based on knowledge management, and its production emphasizes the human capital that permeates the condition of the information in support for the development of communities.