黄土丘陵沟壑区不同植被类型的水土保持功能及养分流失效应

对黄土丘陵沟壑区安塞水土保持试验站3种草本、3种灌木、3种乔木、1种农田共计10种植被类型径流小区进行径流和侵蚀泥沙观测,并分别分析其养分含量,研究黄土丘陵区不同植被类型水土保持功能及养分流失效应。结果表明,乔、灌、草植被类型的水土保持功能相对农田较好,在径流和土壤养分流失方面相对农田较少。因此,该地区要注意建设和恢复草、灌植被,使之尽快起到水土保持作用,近而减少土壤养分流失。

黄土高原林草水土保持有效盖度分析

根据黄土高原绥德、延安、安塞和离石等地林、草地径流小区降雨侵蚀资料，对不同降雨和坡度下林、草地水土保持有效盖度进行了分析，建立了林地、草地水土保持临界有效益度与降雨及坡度的关系式。在土壤和植被类型相对稳定的条件下，林、草地的有效益度随着降雨和坡度的增大而增大，当临界有效益度达到一定程度时，降雨和坡度的影响减弱；在其它条件相同时，同一水土保持作用所要求的有效盖度草地比林地大。并结合降雨频率分析，得出了林、草措施抵抗不同年遇暴雨时的临界有效盖度。

陕北丘陵沟壑区苹果优质丰产栽培体系研究

园址选择、优良品种搭配、坡地改良、合理施肥与抗旱栽培、合理修剪等是陕北丘陵沟壑区苹果优质丰产的保障 ,且同时论述了各项措施的操作依据和方法

农田土壤特性的空间变异性及分形特征

对 2 4 m× 2 4 m面积内的 49个观测点进行了土壤含水量和坚实度的空间变异性研究。根据测定结果 ,用经典统计方法计算了均值、标准差、变异系数等统计特征值 ,认为该法不能定量的描述土壤特性的空间变异性。于是 ,用分形理论计算了含水量与坚实度的分形维数。结果表明 ,在一定范围内 ,土壤具有分形特征 ,分形维数可表示土壤特性在空间的不均一程度

不同氮磷施肥量对玉米生育期土壤微生物量的影响

通过田间小区试验研究了不同N、P施肥量对玉米生育期土壤微生物量C、N、P的影响。结果表明,不同N、P施肥量对微生物量C无明显影响;施N肥量高(225km/hm~2)时降低微生物量N;当施P肥达225 km/hm~2时则对微生物量P产生明显的抑制作用。

土壤水分与氮肥对玉米根系生长的影响

利用田间小区试验研究了不同土壤水分条件下N肥对根系生长(根长、根重和根冠比)的影响。结果表明,玉米拔节期和开花期无论水分条件如何,施N肥可增加其总根长、表层根长和根重并使根冠比下降;灌浆期施N肥可增加总根长和表层根长,但正常水分条件下N肥使根重和根冠比下降,而干旱条件下N肥对根重和根冠比则无影响。不同处理根冠比大小与N吸收和分配有很大关系。

区域水土流失研究综述

以区域水土流失为主题 ,分析并阐述了该领域的研究现状 ,指出了当前存在的主要问题 ,并对研究的今后发展方向进行了展望。

灌水对小麦旗叶光合功能衰退的影响

利用田间小区试验研究了不同灌水对冬小麦旗叶光合功能衰退的影响。研究表明 :小麦旗叶光合衰退初期引起光合下降的原因主要是气孔限制 ,后期则为非气孔限制。灌水可提高旗叶光合速率 ,并使由气孔限制向非气孔转变的时间推后 ,同时 ,还可增加叶绿素含量 ,增强根活力 ,使小麦旗叶光合功能持续期延长。过量灌水改善旗叶光合衰退的效果主要表现在后期 ,对产量提高的意义并不大。

稀土元素示踪法在坡面土壤侵蚀垂直分布研究中的应用

通过野外全坡长侵蚀小区试验，证明了稀土元素示踪法在土壤侵蚀垂直分布研究中的可应用性。结果表明该径流小区产沙强度坡长存在三种变化模式：增长型，增长 递减型和波动型，其形成机理可能与径流过程有关。利用稀土元素在坡面的再分析，初步建立了估算坡面沟蚀率的关系式。

云雾山封育草原对表土持水性的影响

应用离心机法测定土壤水分特征,研究黄土高原典型草原带退耕地植被恢复演替过程中土壤持水性能的变化特点及趋势。结果表明:土壤含水量与土壤水吸力之间符合幂函数θ=aSb,参数a的变化随着植被的演替呈增加趋势;由于植被的影响,在同一吸力范围内的土壤含水量不同,植被为顶级长芒草(Stipabungeana)群落时,土壤在各吸力段的含水量最高,坡耕地最低;其它群落土壤含水量随着水吸力的增加变化趋于一致;退耕地植被在演替过程中通过提高土壤有机质含量改善结构,降低容重并增加毛管孔隙度,对土壤的储水和持水性能产生作用。

Effect of the nucleating agent 1,3 : 2,4-di(3,4-dimethylbenzylidene) sorbitol on the gamma phase content of propylene/ethylene copolymer

The influence of the concentration of a nucleating agent (NA), namely 1,3:2,4-di(3,4-dimethylbenzylidene) sorbitol (DMDBS), on the gamma phase content in a propylene/ethylene copolymer was investigated by means of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Wide-Angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD), Small- Angle X-ray Scatter (SAXS) and Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM).

Single-walled carbon nanohorn as new solid-phase extraction adsorbent for determination of 4-nitrophenol in water sample

Single-walled carbon nanohorn (SWCNH) was developed as new adsorbent for solid-phase extraction using 4-nitrophenol as representative. The unique exoteric structures and high surface area of SWCNH allow extracting a large amount of 4-nitrophenol over a short time. Highly sensitive determination of 4-nitrophenol was achieved by linear sweep voltammetry after only 120 s extraction. The calibration plot for 4-nitrophenol determination is linear in the range of 5.0 x 10(-8) M-1.0 x 10(-5) M under optimum conditions. The detection limit is 1.1 x 10(-8) M. The proposed method was successfully employed to determine 4-nitrophenol in lake water samples, and the recoveries of the spiked 4-nitrophenol were excellent (92-106%).

A novel tris(2,2 '-bipyridine)ruthenium(II)/tripropylamine cathodic electrochemiluminescence in acetonitrile for the indirect determination of hydrogen peroxide

A novel tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)3(2+)) cathodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) was generated at -0.78V at the Pt electrode in acetonitrile (ACN), which suggested that the cathodic ECL differed from conventional cathodic ECL It was found that tripropylamine (TPrA) could enhance this cathodic ECL and the linear range (log-log plot) was 0.2 mu M-0.2 mM. In addition, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) could inhibit the cathodic ECL and was indirectly detected with the linear range of 27-540 mu M. The RSD (n = 12) of the ECL intensity in the presence of 135 mu M H2O2 was 0.87%. This method was also demonstrated for the fast determination of H2O2 in disinfectant sample and satisfactory results were obtained.

GIUSAXS and AFM Studies on Surface Reconstruction of Latex Thin Films during Thermal Treatment

The structural evolution of a single-layer latex film during annealing was studied via grazing incidence ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering (GIUSAXS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The latex particles were composed of a low-T-g (-54 degrees C) core (n-butylacrylate, 30 wt %) and a high-T-g (41 degrees C) shell (t-butylacrylate, 70 wt %) and had an overall diameter of about 500 nm. GIUSAXS data indicate that the q(y) scan at q(z) = 0.27 nm(-1) (out-of-plane scan) contains information about both the structure factor and the form factor. The GIUSAXS data on latex films annealed at various temperatures ranging from room temperature to 140 degrees C indicate that the structure of the latex thin film beneath the surface changed significantly. The evolution of the out-of-plane scan plot reveals the surface reconstruction of the film. Furthermore, we also followed the time-dependent behavior of structural evolution when the latex film was annealed at a relatively low temperature (60 degrees C) where restructuring within the film can be followed that cannot be detected by AFM, which detects only surface morphology.

Enhanced amplified spontaneous emission using layer-by-layer assembled cowpea mosaic virus

Layer-by-layer assembly technique was used to construct ultrathin film of cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) by electrostatic interactions, and the film was employed as a precursor on which an OF8T2 film was deposited by spin coating. Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) was observed and improved for the OF8T2 film. Compared with OF8T2 film on quartz, the introduction of CPMV nanoparticles reduced the threshold and loss, and remarkably increased the net gain. The threshold, loss, and gain reached 0.05 mJ/ pulse, 6.9 cm(-1), and 82 cm(-1), respectively. CPMV nanoparticles may enormously scatter light, resulting in a positive feedback, thus the ASE is easily obtained and improved.