Development of novel EST-SSR markers in common carp by data mining from public EST sequences

Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are a source for microsatellite development. In the present study, EST-derived microsatelltes (EST-SSRs) were generated and characterized in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by data mining from updated public EST databases and by subsequent testing for polymorphism. About 5.5% (555) of 10,088 ESTs contain repeat motifs of various types and lengths with CA being the most abundant dinucleotide one. Out of the 60 EST-SSRs for which PCR primers were designed, 25 loci showed polymorphism in a common carp population with the alleles per locus ranging from 3 to 17 (mean 7). The observed (H-O) and expected (HE) heterozygosities of these EST-SSRs were 0.13-1.00 and 0.12-0.91, respectively. Six EST-SSR loci significantly deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) expectation, and the remaining 19 loci were in HWE. Of the 60 primer sets, the rates of polymorphic EST-SSRs were 42% in common carp, 17% in crucian carp (Carassius auratus), and 5% in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), respectively. These new EST-SSR markers would provide sufficient polymorphism for population genetic studies and genome mapping of the common carp and its closely related fishes. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Job change and workplace learning in the public sector: the significance of new technology for unskilled work.

Focussing here on local authorities and health services, this paper examines the significance of new technology to unskilled work in the public sector as it is developing and the implications for workplace learning. An argument is developed that new technology is central to a minority of examples of job change, although, significantly, it is more important to staff–initiated change and to workers’ ability to fully participate in life beyond the workplace.

Opening doors as well as banging on tables. An assessment of UNISON/employer partnerships on learning in the UK public sector.

The academic debate on partnerships has so far mainly focused on whether there are mutual gains for both unions and employers and whether they support or undermine branch organisation. This debate is here assessed in relation to learning partnerships, which are considered to be a distinctive form of partnership and represent a process of institution-building.

Workplace learning and the employment relationship in the public sector.

Training that is relevant to employers is not necessarily enriching for employees, especially those on the lower salary scales. The authors argue that the analysis of training and development needs to be understood in the context of the employment relationship. Drawing on reasearch evidence from six case studies in the public sector, the article examines the impact of changes in work organisation on workplace learning, managers' and employees' own strategies towards it and the limitations of tools such as appraisal. Since employees' existing qualifications are poorly utilised and their development needs often frustrated, issues concerning job design, occupational progression routes and employee entitlements need to be addressed

Public feedback - but personal feedforward?

Academic feedback is taken here as the reporting to student writers of the strengths and weaknesses of their submitted draft work, while academic feedforward refers to constructive advice regarding possible strengthening of students’ next work. Both originate from a tutor’s initial judgement of a student’s work. Feedback and feedforward on work showing need for improvement are problematic in a Confucian Heritage Culture. Even gently constructive advice within a programme seeking evidence for assessment of critical thinking may lead to perception of hurtful criticism by Taiwanese students. Some could withdraw from class activity accordingly. So the writers adjusted their response style. They now choose between different approaches featuring tutorial feedback or feedforward, depending on the standard of work being judged. When individual postings feature poor critical thinking, the writers opt for private messages concentrating on constructive feedforward. For better postings, they provide positive feedback with reasons for their judgements, and summarise to the class these exemplars of generic strengths in critical thinking. They also offer private prompting when they see scope for further enrichment of an able student’s critical thinking. This might also be a useful practice when tutoring solely in the West. (192 words) Keywords: Confucian Heritage Culture, public feedback, private feedforward, assessment

Reader development and ICT: an overview of projects in Welsh public libraries

Bird, A.,& Tedd, L. (2004). Reader development and ICT: an overview of projects in Welsh public libraries. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 36(4), 159-174.

Evaluation of resources to support production of high quality health information for patients and the public. Final report for NHS Research Outputs Programme

Durbin, J., Urquhart, C. & Yeoman, A. (2003). Evaluation of resources to support production of high quality health information for patients and the public. Final report for NHS Research Outputs Programme. Aberystwyth: Department of Information Studies, University of Wales Aberystwyth. Sponsorship: Department of Health

Bacteremic pneumonia before and after withdrawal of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine from a public vaccination program in Spain: a case-control study

The objective of this study is to compare the incidence and epidemiology of bacteremic community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the setting of changes in 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) coverage. In the region of Madrid, universal immunization with the PCV13 started in May 2010. In July 2012, public funding ceased. Vaccination coverage decreased from >95% to 82% in 2013 and to 67% in 2014. We performed a multicenter surveillance and case-control study from 2009-2014. Cases were hospitalized children with bacteremic CAP. Controls were children selected 1:1 from next-admitted with negative blood cultures and typical, presumed bacterial CAP. Annual incidence of bacteremic CAP declined from 7.9/100 000 children (95% CI 5.1-11.1) in 2009 to 2.1/100 000 children (95% CI 1.1-4.1) in 2012. In 2014, 2 years after PCV13 was withdrawn from the universal vaccination program, the incidence of bacteremic CAP increased to 5.4/100 000 children (95% CI 3.5-8.4). We enrolled 113 cases and 113 controls. Streptococcus pneumoniae caused most of bloodstream infections (78%). Empyema was associated with bacteremia (P = .003, OR 3.6; 95% CI 1.4-8.9). Simple parapneumonic effusion was not associated with bacteremia. Incomplete PCV immunization was not a risk factor for bacteremic pneumonia.

Local studies collections online: an investigation in Irish public libraries

Barry, L., Tedd, L.A. (2008). Local studies collections online: an investigation in Irish public libraries. Program: electronic library and information systems, 42(2), 163-186.

Political Leadership and Public Support In Belarus: Forward to the Past?

Korosteleva-Polglase Elena, White, S., 'Political Leadership and Public Support In Belarus: Forward to the Past?', In: 'The EU and Belarus: Between Moscow and Brussels', (London: Kogan Page), pp.51-71, 2001 RAE2008

Public service employment and the public-private wage differential in British regions

Thomas, Dennis, Henley, Andrew, 'Public service employment and the public-private wage differential in British regions', Regional Studies (2001) 35(3) pp.229-240 RAE2008

The decline of public service broadcasting in the UK 1979-2000

O'Malley, T. (2001). The decline of public service broadcasting in the UK 1979-2000. In M. Bromley (Ed.), No News is Bad News: Radio, Television and the Public (pp.28-45). Harlow: Longman. RAE2008

Culture, ?race' and the Missionary Public in Mid-Victorian Wales

Jones, Aled, 'Culture, ?race' and the Missionary Public in Mid-Victorian Wales', Journal of Victorian Culture (2005) 10(2) pp.157-183 RAE2008