Joseph Haydn, Brustbild

Signatur des Originals: S 36/G04096

Le sport dans l'Espagne franquiste

Jusqu'à sa mort, en novembre 1975, le Général Franco fut, tel que le proclamaient ses pièces de monnaie, le « Caudillo d'Espagne par la grâce de Dieu » et, selon ses apologistes, il était responsable uniquement devant Dieu et l'Histoire. Bien que durant les dernières années de sa vie, sa participation directe dans les décisions politiques courantes fut assez réduite, il est pourtant certain qu'aucune décision importante ne pouvait être prise sans son consentement. Jusqu'au tout dernier moment, il conserva, grâce à la dénommée « Constitution franquiste », le pouvoir de nommer et de destituer les ministres, pouvoir qu'il utilisa toujours à sa guise. De telles prémisses conduisent à considérer logique l'utilisation du sport au service d'une idée politique. On assista alors à une tentative de mise sur pied du modèle de l'Allemagne nazie, mais il fallait tenir compte du fait que Franco n'avait jamais été disposé à construire un état totalitaire ayant un seul et unique parti, à l'image du modèle italien ou allemand. Après l'échec des puissances de l'Axe, Franco vit très clairement la nécessité d'abandonner le côté fasciste de son régime. Et, en ce qui concerne tout particulièrement le sport, Franco ne fut jamais disposé à dépenser la moindre somme d'argent dans ce domaine, comme l'avaient pourtant fait Hitler ou Mussolini.

Central Europe Region, 1695 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: L'Empire d'Allemagne, divisé en tous ses estats : a l'usage de Monseigneur Le Duc De Bourgogne = Nova Imperii Germanici descriptio, in omnes suos circulos, electoratus, &c divisi : ad usum serenissimi Burgundiae Ducis, par ... H. Iaillot. It was published by H. Jaillot in 1695. Scale [ca. 1:2,400,000]. Covers the Central Europe region. Map in French and Latin. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, territorial and administrative boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown pictorially.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Central Europe, 1813 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Carte générale d'Allemagne comprenant l'empire d'Autriche, la Confédération du Rhin, le Dannemarck, la Prusse et la Pologne, une partie de la Suède, des empires de France, de Russie et de Turquie : avec l'indication des principales routes de ces états et du théâtre de la guerre, gravée par E. Collin. It was published by Direction générale de l'imprimerie in 1813. Scale [ca. 1:2,350,000]. Covers primarily Central Europe and adjacent portions of Europe. Map in French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes inset of Saint Petersburg.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Post Roads, Central Europe Region, 1764 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Neue und vollständige Postkarte durch ganz Deutschland und durch die angränzende Theile der benachbarten Länder = Nouvelle carte geographique des postes d'Allemagne et des provinces limitrophes, zusammen getragen und ausgefertiget von Franz Ioseph Heger. It was published by im Verlag bey denen Homaennischen Erben in 1764. Scale [ca. 1:1,500,000]. Covers the Central Europe region. Map in German. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, postal roads with distances between towns, territorial and administrative boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown pictorially.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Political Sophistication and Vote Intention Switching

This article investigates the link between political sophistication and electoral volatility. Showing that there is disagreement in the literature on whether switching party preferences is related to low or high levels of political sophistication, it is then argued that the effect of sophistication on vote switching might differ depending on when switching is measured. The effect of timing on volatility is investigated by means of the Short-term panel of the 2009 German Longitudinal Election Study. Results indicate that timing indeed matters, while sophistication increases the probability of switching parties before the campaign, the effect of political sophistication becomes more negative as Election Day draws near.

Partisan Dealignment in Germany: A rejoinder to Russell Dalton

The work of Russell Dalton has undoubtedly played a seminal role in the study of the relation between political sophistication and partisan dealignment. We furthermore acknowledge the presence of a consensus on the occurrence of lower levels of partisanship in Germany. Using panel data as well as pooled cross-sectional observations, however, it is clear that generational replacement is not the sole driving force of partisan dealignment, but that period effects should also be taken into account. While on an aggregate level rising levels of political sophistication have occurred simultaneously with decreasing partisanship, individual level analysis suggests clearly that the least sophisticated are most likely to feel alienated from the party system. We close with some very specific suggestion on how to address the democratic consequences of declining levels of partisanship.

Age, Period and Cohort effects in the Decline of Party Identification in Germany

Party identification traditionally is seen as an important linkage mechanism, connecting voters to the party system. Previous analyses have suggested that the level of party identity is in decline in Germany, and in this article, we first expand previous observations with more recent data. These suggest that the erosion of party identity continues up to the present time. An age-period-cohort analysis of the panel data of the SOEP panel suggests that period effects are significantly negative. Furthermore, it can be observed that throughout the 1992-2009 observation period, education level and political interest have become more important determinants of party identity. Contrary to some of the literature, therefore, it can be shown that the loss of party identity is concentrated among groups with lower levels of political sophistication, indicating that the socio-economic profile of the group with a sense of party identification has become more distinct compared to the population as a whole. In the discussion, we investigate the theoretical and democratic consequences of this trend.

Bibliographie générale des inventaires imprimés,

The "Tables" announced in the publisher's catalog as t. II, fasc. II, have signature t. III.

Édits, ordonnances royaux, déclarations et arrêts du Conseil d'État du roi concernant Canada.

First edition, Quebec, 1803-06, 2 vols.

Germany's violations of the laws of war, 1914-15 /

Translation of: Les violations des lois de la guerre par l'Allemagne.

France and the European war, full text of diplomatic documents; authorised translation by the Paris correspondent of the Times for the French government of the documents relating to the negotiations which preceded the declaration of war by Germany to Russia (August 1st, 1914) and to France (August 4th, 1914).

On cover: The French yellow book; an authorized translation by the Times for the French government of official documents proving how Germany forced the war.

Les guerres sous Louis XV,

Front. accompanied by guard sheet with descriptive letterpress.