Daldinia eschscholtzii (Ascomycota, Xylariaceae) isolated from the Brazilian Amazon: taxonomic features and mycelial growth conditions

The Amazon has a high diversity of fungi, including species of the genus Daldinia (Ascomycota, Xylariaceae), which produce secondary metabolites with recognized nematicidal and antimicrobial activity. The ecological role of Daldinia is important, as stromata serve as refuges to many insects and arthropodes, and the fungi contribute to the degradation of vegetable organic matter. The aim of this study was to analyze the taxonomic features and mycelial growth conditions in vitro of a Daldinia specimen collected in the Brazilian Amazon. Morphological and molecular studies of the fungus identified it as D. eschscholtzii. To evaluate mycelial growth, we cultivated the fungus at 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 °C in malt extract-peptone agar (MEPA), malt extract-peptone (MEP), potato dextrose (PD), and minimum medium (MM). The best mycelial growth occurred at 35 °C, although the greatest amount of biomass was obtained at 25 °C and 30 °C. PD proved to be the best medium for biomass production.

Wear of PEEK-Ti6Al4V systems under micro-abrasion and linear sliding conditions

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Biomédica

Seasonal and spatial variations in limnological conditions of a floodplain lake (lake Catalão) connected to both the Solimões and Negro Rivers, Central Amazonia

Lakes play an important role in biogeochemical, ecological and hydrological processes in the river-floodplain system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of the limnological conditions of Catalão Lake, an Amazon floodplain lake. Thus, some of the main limnological environment variables (O2, temperature, pH, nutrient, electrical conductivity) of the Catalão Lake were analyzed under temporal and spacial scales. The study was conducted between November/2004 and August/2005. Sampling excursion were carried out every three months; one excursion for each of the four different hydrological periods (low water, rising water, high water and falling water). Sampling points were chosen so that it could be obtained a gradient of the distance from Negro River. Limnological profiles in Catalão Lake showed generally acidic to slightly alcaline water, with low levels of dissolved oxygen and low concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorous. The Negro River seems to exert the main influence during the rising water period, while the Solimões River is the principal controlling river during peak water. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) grouped the seasonal collections by hydrological period, showing the formation of a north-south spatial gradient within the lake in relation to the limnological variables. Multivariate dispersion analysis based on distance-to-centroid method demonstrated an increase in similarity over the course of the hydrological cycle, as the lake was inundated in response to the flood pulse of the main river channels. However, the largest spatial homogeneity in the lake was observed in the epilimnion layer, during the falling water period. The daily analysis of variation indicated an oligomitic pattern during the years in which the lake was permanently connected to the Negro River. Although Catalão Lake receives large quantities of both black water from the Negro River and sediment-filled water from the Solimões River, the physical and chemical characteristics of the lake are more similar to those of the Solimões (várzea lake) than the Negro (blackwater lake).

Racial inequalities in the socioeconomic, demographic and health conditions of elderly from Maranhão State, Legal Amazon, Brazil: a population-based study

Aging with quality of life does not occur equally among the racial groups of Brazilian elderly, and few studies have analyzed this issue in the states of the Brazilian Legal Amazon. The objective of this study was to investigate racial inequalities in the socioeconomic, demographic and health conditions of elderly residents of Maranhão state, Brazil. The present work is a cross-sectional study of 450 elders aged 60 years or older included in the 2008 National Household Sample Survey. The prevalence of socioeconomic, demographic, health and habit indicators and of risk factors were estimated in white, brown and black racial categories that were self-reported by the survey participants. The chi-square test was used for comparisons (a=5%). The majority of the elderly respondents identified themselves as brown (66.4%) or white (23.3%). There were significant socioeconomic, demographic, habit and lifestyle differences among the racial groups. Most of the black and brown elderly lived alone, reported lower educational levels and were in the lowest quintile for income. These respondents were also highly dependent on the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS), exhibited low rates of screening mammograms and lower physical activity levels and had a greater proportion of smokers. However, there was no difference in the prevalence of health indicators or in the proportion of elderly by gender, age, social role in the family or the urban-rural location of the household. These results indicate the presence of racial inequalities in the socioeconomic and demographic status and in the practice of healthy habits and lifestyles among elderly from Maranhão, but suggest equity in health status. The results also suggest the complexity and challenges of interlinking race with socioeconomic aspects, and the findings reinforce the need for the implementation of public policies for these population groups.

Trans-cultural aspects of social anxiety disorder and related conditions: a Brazilian case series and a review of international clinical studies

Cross-cultural studies have much to teach clinicians and researchers alike about psychopathology in general and about social anxiety disorder (SAD) in particular. Unfortunately, little is known about the degree and the mechanisms through which cultural environment may influence clinical manifestations of SAD. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to identify culture-related clinical patterns in SAD and related disorders. METHODS: We described socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of a sample of 62 adult outpatients with SAD seen at a university clinic for anxiety and depressive disorders in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and compared them with those reported in clinical samples from North America, Europe, Asia and Oceania identified through a systematic review in Medline, PsychINFO, and LILACS. RESULTS: Our comparison of trans-cultural features of SAD lends partial support to Heimberg's (1997) contention that the majority of socio-demographic features and symptoms of this disorder are relatively independent of geographic and cultural differences. CONCLUSION: Patients with SAD were almost universally characterized by: 1) a predominance of males in clinical samples; 2) early onset of the disorder; 3) high educational attainment; and 4) great frequency of comorbidities.

Correction of the initial conditions

"Series title: Springerbriefs in applied sciences and technology, ISSN 2191-530X"

The effect of hydrodynamic conditions in Corynebacterium glutamicum growth

[Excerpt] Corynebacterium glutamicum is a facultative anaerobic, gram-positive bacterium with a GRAS status that grows fast and achieves high cell densities. C. glutamicum is commonly used in amino acids production, and is also able to convert sugars in organic acids (OA) and alcohols in specific conditions: anaerobic and limited-oxygen environments. In these conditions, the carbon metabolism is modified, namely the flux shifts from the pentose phosphate pathway to glycolysis and the TCA cycle flux decreases and consequently bacterial growth is strongly affected [1,2]. (...)

The results of the Campaign for evaluating sphygmomanometers accuracy and their physical conditions

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sphygmomanometers calibration accuracy and the physical conditions of the cuff-bladder, bulb, pump, and valve. METHODS: Sixty hundred and forty five aneroid sphygmomanometers were evaluated, 521 used in private practice and 124 used in hospitals. Aneroid manometers were tested against a properly calibrated mercury manometer and were considered calibrated when the error was <=3mm Hg. The physical conditions of the cuffs-bladder, bulb, pump, and valve were also evaluated. RESULTS: Of the aneroid sphygmomanometers tested, 51% of those used in private practice and 56% of those used in hospitals were found to be not accurately calibrated. Of these, the magnitude of inaccuracy ranged from 4 to 8mm Hg in 70% and 51% of the devices, respectively. The problems found in the cuffs - bladders, bulbs, pumps, and valves of the private practice and hospital devices were bladder damage (34% vs. 21%, respectively), holes/leaks in the bulbs (22% vs. 4%, respectively), and rubber aging (15% vs. 12%, respectively). Of the devices tested, 72% revealed at least one problem interfering with blood pressure measurement accuracy. CONCLUSION: Most of the manometers evaluated, whether used in private practice or in hospitals, were found to be inaccurate and unreliable, and their use may jeopardize the diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension.

Influence of oxygen conditions on bacterial interactions within biofilms related with cystic fibrosis

Dissertação de mestrado em Bioengineering

De l'importance de la psychologie collective dans le sciences sociales: Serge Moscovici et les passions humaines

L'oeuvre de Moscovici se résume à une tentative de rapprochement du psychique et du social, ne serait-ce que parce que la rationalité et l'irrationalité sont transversales auz comportaments individuels et à l'activité sociale. En ce sens, l'individu n'est pas plus du ressort de la seule psychologie que la societé ne l'est de la seule sociologie. Simplifier la realité reviendrait à simplifier la connossaince de celle-ci. La psycho-sociologie de Moscovici nous invite donc à prendre en compte l'homme dans sa complétude, en tant que mixte de logique et de sentiments, de raison et de passions. On comprendra alors l'importance du paradigme écologique dans les sciences sociales comme forme de compréhension de ce qui relie l'homme à une entité plus vaste, le renvoyant aussi bien à la nature et à son ascendance animale qu'à la techinque et à sa destinée post-humaine.

Evaluation of antimicrobial strategies against biomaterial-associated infections: impact of the surrounding environmental conditions

Dissertação de mestrado em Bioengenharia

Territorio de utopías. Experiencias y expectativas en las luchas sociales urbanas y campesinas de hoy

El presente proyecto se propone indagar las luchas sociales urbanas y campesinas en la ciudad de Córdoba y el norte del país. Específicamente interesa conocer de estos colectivos las condiciones materiales de vida de sus miembros; y el proceso de subjetivación colectiva. Finalmente nos abocaremos tanto a las mediaciones con las instituciones de la democracia; como las articulaciones y conflictos que pueden darse entre ellos. Las herramientas para la producción y análisis de datos responden a una estrategia capaz de descomponer la unidad empírica para descubrir la pluralidad de elementos analíticos que convergen en el proceso de construcción de estos colectivos. En función de esto, es la decisión de adoptar estrategias intensivas y extensivas. Consideramos a las primeras como instrumentos idóneos para capturar el rasgo característico de las luchas, cual es producir la situación social y construir una identidad. De allí que para responder a los interrogantes de la dimensión identitaria se privilegien estrategias cualitativas como la entrevista y la recolección documental. La segunda, busca un tratamiento de estos datos que permita observar instancias regulares de realización, para ello recurrimos al análisis de contenido, de modo que podamos cumplir con nuestro objetivo comparativo y de análisis transversal de las luchas.

Poder político y estrategias sociales-Córdoba: 1900-1950

Las investigaciones de historia política abarcan un campo que la sociedad visualiza como una totalidad provista de sentido y en la cual, en conflictivo proceso de elaboración de normativas de lo participable y compartible, adquiere una forma de vida de la que todos sus miembros toman parte (grupos, individuos, de arriba, de abajo, hombres y mujeres, etc.) En esa construcción continua está la génesis de los problemas contemporáneos, y en el diálogo permanente entre pasado y presente se hacen inteligibles las sociedades. De allí que, acusiados por nuestro presente, proponemos seguir el hilo de las experiencias, tanteos, controversias y conflictos a través de los cuales la sociedad buscó encontrar su forma legítima. Lo hacemos abordando distintos sub-temas del período, para conocer el modo en que los individuos y los grupos, elaborando su comprensión de las situaciones, rechazaron, adhirieron y formularon sus objetivos a partir de los cuales se propusieron estrategias y organizaron sus acciones. Uno de nuestros más ambiciosos objetivos es conformar un equipo integrado con recursos humanos nuevos y en formación participando en una investigación destinada a rescatar el pasado histórico provincial reciente, cuya realidad se impone conocer dado el papel preponderante desempeñado por Córdoba como condicionante del acaecer nacional.

El llano en llamas: movimientos y luchas sociales urbanas y campesinas en la Córdoba de hoy

En un provocador artículo Touraine afirmaba que los movimientos sociales se habían convertido en un aspecto central del análisis social, al punto que provoca una inversión de la sociología clásica: un paso de la sociología de la sociedad a una sociología de la acción. La potencia de talafirmación estructuró todo un campo de exploración e interrogación respecto demovimientos, luchas sociales y comportamientos colectivos. Más allá de las diferencias subyacentes en las diversas perspectivas que abordan la temáticatodas coinciden en entender que el acto central que subyace a los movimientossociales es la acción colectiva contenciosa: siempre es usada por gente que notiene acceso regular a las instituciones, que actúa en nombre de viejas onuevas reinvidicaciones y que se conduce en un modo que constituye una amenazapara otros. Sus rasgos principales: una acción colectiva directa, disruptiva,se dirige a un adversario, planteando exigencias comunes. Ahora bien, hablar de exigencias o reclamos comunes, noimporta necesariamente hablar de intereses de clase o de valores compartidoscomo condición precedente a la irrupción en el espacio público. Asumimos quelas luchas sociales actuales, construyen en su mismo proceso identidades eintereses colectivos, abarcando la problemática global del cambio. Paraexpresarlo claramente: las clases no están dadas de antemano. Este marco abre el juego de preguntas que estructurannuestro problema de investigación y que se resume en el interés por analizarlas luchas sociales urbanas y campesinas en Córdoba como procesos de “clasificación” y determinar el impacto de estas luchas y la potencialidad de sus actores parareconfigurar las lógicas y prácticas del escenario político y social. Lo quepretendemos es dar cuenta de los cambios políticos y sociales de cara alpresente y con la mirada puesta en sus implicancias a más largo plazo.