Revisiting the gentleman : a study of hegemonic masculinity in the works of Jane Austen

L’augmentation grandissante de l’attention portée dans les études sur la masculinité tant à la littérature féminine qu’à ses auteurs incite les chercheurs à se pencher de nouveau sur l’icône qu’est le gentilhomme, sur la réponse qu’offre la littérature du XVIIIe siècle face à cette idéalisation de la masculinité, et comment ces standards ont contribué à façonner nos propres perceptions des différenciations des rôles sexuels. Ce mémoire présente une analyse des personnages masculins des romans de Jane Austen, Emma, Persuasion et Mansfield Park, à travers le concept de « masculinité hégémonique » de R.W. Connell, concept qui a eu un impact certain dans les recherches retraçant comment l’histoire et l’hégémonie ont fabriqué les attentes sociales et nationales envers l’homme anglais. Les livres expliquant la conduite à avoir pour être un gentilhomme viril ont sans aucun doute perpétué ces idéaux. À travers l’étude de la politesse, de la sincérité et de l’héroïsme, perpétuellement renouvelés afin de correspondre aux nouveaux idéaux de la masculinité, cette thèse étudie les livres éducatifs influents, notamment de Locke, Knox et Secker, afin de comprendre de quelle façon la masculinité hégémonique est devenue une partie intégrante du discours et de l’éducation à l’époque de la Régence anglaise. Les œuvres d’Austen ne cesse de rappeler la vulnérabilité de l’hégémonie en rappelant constamment au lecteur l’importance des expériences et de la croissance personnelle, et ce, peu importe le sexe. Néanmoins, ses romans correspondent tout de même à ce que devrait être une éducation appropriée reposant sur les règle de conduite, l’autonomie, le travail et la sincérité; lesquels, tel que l’histoire analysée dans ce mémoire le démontrera, appartiennent également aux idéaux du nationalisme anglais et de la masculinité.

What An Collins was reading

An Collins’s 1653 collection of poems, Divine Songs and Meditacions, contain all that we know about the writer. But in these poems she tells us much about the books that she had read, and about her indebtedness to the catechetical works of the Elizabethan puritan theologian William Perkins in particular.

Modernidade republicana e diocesanização do catolicismo no Brasil: a construção do bispado de Botucatu no sertão paulista (1890-1923)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Comparison of low potassium Euro-Collins solution and standard Euro-Collins solution in an extracorporeal rat heart-lung model

OBJECTIVE: Euro-Collins solution (EC) is routinely used in lung transplantation. The high potassium of EC, however, may damage the vascular endothelium, thereby contributing to postischemic reperfusion injury. To assess the influence of the potassium concentration on lung preservation, we evaluated the effect of a "low potassium Euro-Collins solution" (LPEC), in which the sodium and potassium concentrations were reversed. METHODS: In an extracorporeal rat heart-lung model lungs were preserved with EC and LPEC. The heart-lung blocks (HLB) were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution containing washed bovine red blood cells and ventilated with room air. The lungs were perfused via the working right ventricle with deoxygenated perfusate. Oxygenation and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were monitored. After baseline measurements, hearts were arrested with St. Thomas' solution and the lungs were perfused with EC or LPEC, or were not perfused (controls). The HLBs were stored for 5 min or 2 h ischemic time at 4 degrees C. Reperfusion and ventilation was performed for 40 min. At the end of the trial the wet/dry ratio of the lungs was calculated and light microscopic assessment of the degree of edema was performed. RESULTS: After 5 min of ischemia oxygenation was significantly better in both preserved groups compared to the controls. Pulmonary vascular resistance was elevated in all three groups after 30 min reperfusion at both ischemic times. After 2 h of ischemia PVR of the group preserved with LPEC was significantly lower than those of the EC and controls (LPEC-5 min: 184 +/- 65 dynes * sec * cm-5, EC-5 min: 275 +/- 119 dynes * sec * cm * cm-5, LPEC-2 h: 324 +/- 47 dynes * sec * m-5, EC-2 h: 507 +/- 83 dynes * sec * cm-5). Oxygenation after 2 h of ischemia and 30 min reperfusion was significantly better in the LPEC group compared to EC and controls (LPEC: 70 +/- 17 mmHg, EC: 44 +/- 3 mmHg). The wet/dry ratio was significantly lower in the two preserved groups compared to controls (LPEC-5 min: 5.7 +/- 0.7, EC-5 min: 5.8 +/- 1.2, controls-5 min: 7.5 +/- 1.8, LPEC-2 h: 6.7 +/- 0.4, EC: 6.9 +/- 0.4, controls-2 h: 7.3 +/- 0.4). CONCLUSIONS: We thus conclude that LPEC results in better oxygenation and lower PVR in this lung preservation model. A low potassium concentration in lung preservation solutions may help in reducing the incidence of early graft dysfunction following lung transplantation.