Aplicação de deconvolução homomórfica a dados sísmicos

Um registro sísmico é frequentemente representado como a convolução de um pulso-fonte com a resposta do meio ao impulso, relacionada ao caminho da propagação. O processo de separação destes dois componentes da convolução é denominado deconvolução. Existe uma variedade de aproximações para o desenvolvimento de uma deconvolução. Uma das mais comuns é o uso da filtragem linear inversa, ou seja, o processamento do sinal composto, através de um filtro linear, cuja resposta de frequência é a recíproca da transformada de Fourier de um dos componentes do sinal. Obviamente, a fim de usarmos a filtragem inversa, tais componentes devem ser conhecidas ou estimadas. Neste trabalho, tratamos da aplicação a sinais sísmicos, de uma técnica de deconvolução não linear, proposta por Oppenheim (1965), a qual utiliza a teoria de uma classe de sistemas não lineares, que satisfazem um princípio generalizado de superposição, denominados de sistemas homomórficos. Tais sistemas são particularmente úteis na separação de sinais que estão combinados através da operação de convolução. O algoritmo da deconvolução homomórfica transforma o processo de convolução em uma superposição aditiva de seus componentes, com o resultado de que partes simples podem ser separadas mais facilmente. Esta classe de técnicas de filtragem representa uma generalização dos problemas de filtragem linear. O presente método oferece a considerável vantagem de que não é necessário fazer qualquer suposição prévia sobre a natureza do pulso sísmico fonte, ou da resposta do meio ao impulso, não requerendo assim, as considerações usuais de que o pulso seja de fase-mínima e que a distribuição dos impulsos seja aleatória, embora a qualidade dos resultados obtidos pela análise homomórfica seja muito sensível à razão sinal/ruído, como demonstrado.

Nonlinear dynamics of within-host parasite competition

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estudos teóricos e experimentais da operação conjunta de um supressor eletromagnético e de um filtro ativo de potência

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Tm-afm nonlinear motion control with robustness analysis to parametric errors in the control signal determination

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Some comments on the nonlinear dynamics of a portal frame under base excitation

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Effect of Pursed-Lip Breathing in Patients With COPD: Linear and Nonlinear Analysis of Cardiac Autonomic Modulation

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of pursed-lip breathing (PLB) on cardiac autonomic modulation in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) while at rest. Methods: Thirty-two individuals were allocated to one of two groups: COPD (n = 17; 67.29 +/- 6.87 years of age) and control (n = 15; 63.2 +/- 7.96 years of age). The groups were submitted to a two-stage experimental protocol. The first stage consisted of the characterization of the sample and spirometry. The second stage comprised the analysis of cardiac autonomic modulation through the recording of R-R intervals. This analysis was performed using both nonlinear and linear heart rate variability (HRV). In the statistical analysis, the level of significance was set to 5% (p = 0.05). Results: PLB promoted significant increases in the SD1, SD2, RMSSD and LF (ms(2)) indices as well as an increase in alpha(1) and a reduction in alpha(2) in the COPD group. A greater dispersion of points on the Poincare plots was also observed. The magnitude of the changes produced by PLB differed between groups. Conclusion: PLB led to a loss of fractal correlation properties of heart rate in the direction of linearity in patients with COPD as well as an increase in vagal activity and impact on the spectral analysis. The difference in the magnitude of the changes produced by PLB between groups may be related to the presence of the disease and alterations in the respiration rate.

Bifurcations Leading to Nonlinear Oscillations in a 3D Piecewise Linear Memristor Oscillator

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Use of nonlinear asymmetrical shock absorber to improve comfort on passenger vehicles

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influence of ideal and non-ideal excitation sources on the dynamics of a nonlinear vibro-impact system

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Robust Switched Control Design for Nonlinear Systems Using Fuzzy Models

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

On the Acoustic Filtering of the Pipe and Sensor in a Buried Plastic Water Pipe and its Effect on Leak Detection: An Experimental Investigation

Acoustic techniques have been used for many years to find and locate leaks in buried water distribution systems. Hydrophones and accelerometers are typically used as sensors. Although geophones could be used as well, they are not generally used for leak detection. A simple acoustic model of the pipe and the sensors has been proposed previously by some of the authors of this paper, and their model was used to explain some of the features observed in measurements. However, simultaneous measurements of a leak using all three sensor-types in controlled conditions for plastic pipes has not been reported to-date and hence they have not yet been compared directly. This paper fills that gap in knowledge. A set of measurements was made on a bespoke buried plastic water distribution pipe test rig to validate the previously reported analytical model. There is qualitative agreement between the experimental results and the model predictions in terms of the differing filtering properties of the pipe-sensor systems. A quality measure for the data is also presented, which is the ratio of the bandwidth over which the analysis is carried out divided by the centre frequency of this bandwidth. Based on this metric, the accelerometer was found to be the best sensor to use for the test rig described in this paper. However, for a system in which the distance between the sensors is large or the attenuation factor of the system is high, then it would be advantageous to use hydrophones, even though they are invasive sensors.

Identification of nonlinear structures using discrete-time Volterra series

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

On the shock performance of a nonlinear vibration isolator with high-static-low-dynamic-stiffness

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Growth in weight and of some tissues in the bullfrog: fitting nonlinear models during the fattening phase

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)