三维尾迹型流动中的大尺度旋涡位错形成

应用紧致有限差分--Fourier谱方法求解三维不可压Navier-Stoke方程组,数值研究尾迹型流动的三维演化和旋涡位错。计算中在来流剖面中引入局部展向非均匀性。数值结果表明流动的不稳定性发展导致三维旋涡涡街流场。局部非均匀性引起涡街间（沿展向）在频率、相位及强度上的差异,在非均匀区中产生并形成大尺度链状旋涡位错结构。用数值模拟详细描述了旋涡位错的形成与特征。

泥石流反粒径分布的一种定性解释

假设泥石流中的粗颗粒（如石块等）以跳跃的方式前进，通过分析单个颗粒在定常充分发展的流场中的运动，给出了单一起跳速度下以及具有一定分布的起跳速度下，颗粒数密度随高度的分布，并给出了起跳粒径有分布时颗粒的平均粒径随高度的分布，定性地解释了泥石流中的反粒径分布现象。

Influence of insoluble surfactant on the deformation and breakup of a bubble or thread in a viscous fluid

The influence of surfactant on the breakup of a prestretched bubble in a quiescent viscous surrounding is studied by a combination of direct numerical simulation and the solution of a long-wave asymptotic model. The direct numerical simulations describe the evolution toward breakup of an inviscid bubble, while the effects of small but non-zero interior viscosity are readily included in the long-wave model for a fluid thread in the Stokes flow limit. The direct numerical simulations use a specific but realizable and representative initial bubble shape to compare the evolution toward breakup of a clean or surfactant-free bubble and a bubble that is coated with insoluble surfactant. A distinguishing feature of the evolution in the presence of surfactant is the interruption of bubble breakup by formation of a slender quasi-steady thread of the interior fluid. This forms because the decrease in surface area causes a decrease in the surface tension and capillary pressure, until at a small but non-zero radius, equilibrium occurs between the capillary pressure and interior fluid pressure. The long-wave asymptotic model, for a thread with periodic boundary conditions, explains the principal mechanism of the slender thread's formation and confirms, for example, the relatively minor role played by the Marangoni stress. The large-time evolution of the slender thread and the precise location of its breakup are, however, influenced by effects such as the Marangoni stress and surface diffusion of surfactant. © 2008 Cambridge University Press.

Multiplex CARS measurements in supersonic H-2/air combustion

H-2 and O-2 multiplex coherent anti-stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) employing a single dye laser has been explored to simultaneously determine the temperature and concentrations of H-2 and O-2 in a hydrogen-fueled supersonic combustor. Systematic calibrations were performed through a well-characterized H-2/air premixed flat-flame burner. In particular, temperature measurement was accomplished using the intensity ratio of the H-2 S(5) and S(6) rotational lines, whereas extraction of the H-2 and O-2 concentrations was obtained from the H-2 S(6) and O-2 Q-branch, respectively. Details of the calibration procedure and data reduction are discussed. Quantification of the supersonic mixing and combustion characteristics applying the present technique has been demonstrated to be feasible. The associated detection limits as well as possible improvements are also identified.

Gust-Induced Movement of Dusts Suspended in Atmosphere

在气固两相流的单向耦合模型框架下,研究大气悬浮沙尘在阵风作用下的运动轨迹及其随大气风速、沙尘粒径的变化,揭示了在Stokes阻力、Saffman力和重力共同作用下,沙尘悬移可能转换为跃移的现象。

Molecular Dynamics Simulation Of Adhesion Forces In A Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine Membrane

Adhesion forces of Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine ( DPPC) membrane in the gel phase are investigated by molecular dynamics ( MD) simulation. In the simulations, individual DPPC molecules are pulled out of DPPC membranes with different rates and we get the maximum adhesion forces of DPPC membrane. We find that the maximum adhesion forces increase with pull rate, from about 400 to 700 pN when pull rates are from 0.001 to 0.03 nm/ps. We analyze the relationship between pull rate and adhesion forces of different origins using Brownian dynamics and notice that viscosity of solvent plays an important role in adhesion forces. Then we simulate the motion of a single DPPC molecule in solvent and it elucidates that the maximum drag force is almost linear with respect to the pull rate. We use Stokes' relation to describe the motion of a single DPPC molecule and deduce the effective length of a DPPC molecule. Conformational analyses indicate that the free energy variation of a DPPC molecule inside and outside of the DPPC membrane is an essential part of adhesion energy.

Direct Numerical Simulation Of Three-Dimensional Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) is used to study flow characteristics after interaction of a planar shock with a spherical media interface in each side of which the density is different. This interfacial instability is known as the Richtmyer-Meshkov (R-M) instability. The compressible Navier-Stoke equations are discretized with group velocity control (GVC) modified fourth order accurate compact difference scheme. Three-dimensional numerical simulations are performed for R-M instability installed passing a shock through a spherical interface. Based on numerical results the characteristics of 3D R-M instability are analysed. The evaluation for distortion of the interface, the deformation of the incident shock wave and effects of refraction, reflection and diffraction are presented. The effects of the interfacial instability on produced vorticity and mixing is discussed.

波作用量守恒原理在波流相互作用中的应用

提出了解决Stokes波与指数剖面流同向或反向相遇过程中波传播特征改变问题的五阶理论, 给出了这种相互作用前后波参数间的关系和相应流场的变化, 并与线性结果进行了比较.

同时测量氢和氧CARS谱的新方法

提出一种仅需一台染料激光器即可同时测量火焰中氢和氧的CARS谱的新方法。取带宽为120cm~(-1)，中心波长位于580.4nm的Stokes光束与532nm的泵浦光束相配合，同时测量氢扩散火焰中的氢和氧的CARS谱，用氢的S(6)和S(5)的积分强度比确定火焰中的温度并与氮的Q支CARS谱测量的温度和经过热损耗修正的热电偶测得的温度取得了相当好的一致结果。一次测出氢和氧的CARS谱，避免多次测量中参数的难以重复性，提高了以温度为参数来确定浓度的准确性。

低Re数偏心圆柱间定常整流流动

本文研究低雷诺数情况下偏心圆柱间定常Streaming流动问题,其中内柱以速度U(x)cosωt在静止不可压粘性流体中作小振幅直线简谐振动,外柱则固定不动。

非线性周期波及破碎波对杆件的作用力

本文采用十五阶 Stokes 波的 Pade 逼近,获得了与实验较为一致的流场,并且利用已有的破碎波的速度、加速度场,计算了非线性波和破碎波对各种杆件作用力,比较了它们的主要特征,为海洋工程设计提供依据。

粘流-无粘干扰流动(IF)理论

对不可压缩层流二维干扰流动,本文提出一个干扰流动(IF)理论。IF理论要点为:1)干扰流动沿主流的法向被分为三层即粘性层、干扰层和无粘层,引进了法向动量交换为主导过程的干扰层概念。2)利用力学守恒律、三层匹配关系及文中引进的干扰模型,把三层的空间尺度及惯性-粘性诸力的数置级表示为单参数m的函数,m<1/2•3)导出描述各层流动的控制方程、导出描述全城流动的控制方程为简化Navie-Stokes(SNS)方程。IF理论适用于不存在分离的附着干扰流动以及存在分离的大范围干扰流动,经典边界层(CBL)理论和流动分离局部区域Triple-Deck(TD)理论分别是本文理论在参数m=O和1/4时的两个特例,本文理论容易推广到可压缩、三维及湍流流动。

矩形截面直管中的振荡流动

通过解析求解纳维尔-斯托克斯方程,本文给出了矩形截面直管中的层流振荡流动解。该解适用于不同的截面高宽比r和不同的振荡流动雷诺数。对典型的r和λ(雷诺数的平方根),给出了振荡流动速度的振幅比和相位差的等值线分布以及振荡流动速度随时间的变化,可以看出流动的速度分布如何从低频高粘性类型向高频低粘性的边界层流型逐渐变化;也可以看出管的边壁和角部对振荡流动的影响。当振荡频率ω为零时,本文结果即成为通过矩形截面定常管流的Stokes解。

圆柱绕流旋涡运动及离散涡方法

<正> 圆柱绕流问题最早是Stokes于1901年开始研究的。最近15年来,以圆柱非定常分离流为代表的非流线型物体绕流及伴随的旋涡运动受到很大重视。这主要是因为它与近代海洋工程、航空工程及工业空气动力学中不少急待解决的流体力学问题有关。例如,海洋平台桩柱、导管等所受的波浪力分析中,当结构物特征尺寸与波浪的波长相比较小(且K-C数在5—30范围内)时,柱后的旋涡脱落及它所诱导的力(引起构件的振动)是主要应考虑的问题,要给出正确的预计。导弹无侧滑大攻角飞行时背风面分离涡面的不对称运动产生不希望有的偏航力,分析其产生的机理,预计其大小并设法抑制这种力十分重要。此外还有气动噪声及高耸建筑物的风振问题等等。这些复杂问题的解决常常要以低速高雷诺数圆柱非定常分离流研究为基础。

球形粒子的热致迁移及各跳跃系数对适应系数的依赖关系

本文讨论有温度梯度场的稀薄气体(K_n(?)1时)中圆球所受的热泳力问题。在内区设分子在壁面作Maxwell类型反射求解B-K-W方程,与外区的Stokes方程和Laplace方程的解匹配。滑移系数C_m,热蠕动系数C_s和温度跳跃系数C_t,做为待定量在内区解的一阶近似中定出。所得的热泳力与实验相符,计算所得的C_m,C_s和C_t之值及对适应系数α的依赖关系与用变分等方法对平板问题所得结果相符。