838 resultados para Movimentos sociais urbano
Resumo:
Este relatório surge no decorrer da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada (PES) que compreende as aulas da unidade curricular de Investigação em Educação e os estágios de primeiro e segundo semestres que realizei em creche e jardim-de-infância, respetivamente. É, portanto, resultado de um grande e trabalhoso percurso que muito me ensinou e auxiliou a refletir, com maior conhecimento de causa sobre algumas das questões que este tema me suscitou. É objetivo deste trabalho ponderar o impacto que o meio tem, sobretudo, nas crianças, na dinâmica da escola e no papel do educador enquanto mediador e promotor de aprendizagens significativas. Para tal, é minha intenção chegar a alguns relatos reais (através dos inquéritos realizados a educadores cuja experiência já abarcou os dois contextos) e relacionar as suas opiniões com afirmações de autores de referência que já estudaram esta temática de um modo mais abrangente. Com base neste documento pretendo, ainda, clarificar as vantagens e os inconvenientes de ambos os espaços e focar as grandes diferenças entre eles de modo a melhorar a atuação pedagógica. A intenção será diminuir o impacto das fragilidades e usufruir ao máximo das potencialidades de cada realidade.
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A cidade se desenvolve a partir de um núcleo denominado centro, na direção de círculos periféricos. As populações instaladas nestas zonas de fronteiras vivenciam e estabelecem relações próprias com o espaço que ocupam e com o núcleo denominado centro. Em São Paulo, é plausível que se reconheça não há uma uniformidade na população urbana, mas populações urbanas, marcadas por características plurais e significativos contrastes entre si, inclusive nas manifestações de fenômenos religiosos.A zona leste da cidade de São Paulo é objeto da análise desta pesquisa apresentada em quatro capítulos, observada em seus diferentes aspectos, identificando-se inclusive, que há na própria região geográfica marcada como ZL, duas disposições, a saber: ZL 1 e ZL 2, que por si só evidenciam o contraste na zona de fronteira. O olhar específico para este espaço é delimitado pelo tempo, entre 1990-2000 e pela referência da pesquisa que se propõe identificar e analisar as Práticas Pastorais das Igrejas Batistas residentes nesta Zona. Na análise das Práticas Pastorais no viés da evangelização e expansão missionária, elabora-se a pesquisa especificamente sobre três comunidades, a saber: Primeira Igreja Batista da Penha, Igreja Batista em Vila Salete e Primeira Igreja Evangélica Batista em Guaianases.Parte-se não de um referencial externo à comunidade como instrumental de análise, mas suas respectivas propostas de Práticas Pastorais registradas em seus documentos oficiais como atas, anuários e informativos dominicais, os quais serviram como fonte documental. As fronteiras urbanas são, por natureza, inovadoras e caóticas, sendo exatamente por isso o espaço mais adequado para igrejas criarem e desenvolverem Práticas Pastorais próprias e conseqüentes, sem delimitadores à inovação de toda a ordem, configurando-se como Igreja sem Fronteiras. Em caso contrário à motivação inovadora, rompendo-se o diálogo e a vivência com o meio urbano fronteiriço, excluindo-se o ambiente de contraste que se oferece à igreja, dá-se a gênese ao vazio, à desesperança, a Fronteiras sem Igreja.(AU)
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A experiência das mulheres tem sido afirmada como ponto de partida de Teologias Feministas da Libertação. Na América Latina, o sexismo, a feminização da pobreza, a violência contra as mulheres têm inspirado o movimento feminista a se articular com as mulheres de movimentos populares para a conquista de direitos plenos para as mulheres. As Teologias da Libertação não lograram analisar a opressão das mulheres e apoiar sua luta, pois entenderam sua opressão como um desdobramento da exploração econômica dos países pobres pelos países ricos. Queremos demonstrar que a Teologia Feminista da Libertação, ao contrário, utilizando um método de análise feminista, é capaz de oferecer um suporte teológico às reivindicações das mulheres latino-americanas. O presente trabalho vai analisar teologicamente a experiência das mulheres de movimentos populares e explorar dois temas prioritários dessa experiência: corpo e cotidiano. Assim procedendo, pretende demonstrar que corpo e cotidiano são importantes categorias para a Teologia Feminista da Libertação na América Latina, através das quais ela poderá contribuir para apoiar a busca da autonomia e empoderamento das mulheres, em especial das mulheres pobres.(AU)
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Esta pesquisa propõe-se a analisar a liturgia no contexto urbano, e a forma como a práxis pode influir e se articular com a liturgia cristã construída na cidade, especialmente em áreas empobrecidas e que experimentam as contradições resultantes de um modelo econômico excludente e concentrador de renda. Assim, a pesquisa busca apontar para o desenvolvimento da práxis pastoral litúrgica, tendo como espaço de referência a área da Comunidade de Heliópolis, São Paulo, a segunda maior favela do Brasil. A práxis é a atividade reflexiva e material do ser humano, isto é, ação transformadora que deve insistir na opção preferencial pelos pobres e excluídos. A pastoral litúrgica que tenha o seu referencial na práxis irá, portanto, criar ações que animem as esperanças do povo que celebra, favorecendo a organização e a sensibilização para as lutas sociais necessárias para a superação da exclusão, devolvendo a dignidade aos seres humanos. A pesquisa se desenvolve em três etapas: primeiramente, buscam-se as conceituações teóricas de práxis e urbanizações; em segundo lugar, se analisa o caminho da ocupação da área de Heliópolis; e por último os apontamentos para a práxis pastoral litúrgica no contexto urbano. O resultado será um conjunto de referenciais gerais históricos e teóricos capazes de sustentar uma pastoral litúrgica que contribua para as esperanças humanas e a criação de um novo paradigma de sociedade fundamentado na justiça e na igualdade.(AU)
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Natal has come through major changes in the last 150 years, since the actions of city beautification, in the 19th century, until the present day, when such transformations start to have the objective of including the city in the competition for the attraction of the capital flows and consumption, domestically and in a foreign sense. It is thought that the first initiatives aimed at increasing tourism in Natal occurred in the 1960s, however, it became apparent that only from the 1980s was there a significant increase in tourist activities in Natal and the Metropolitan Region, especially on the east coast of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, leading to an expansion of the labour market, the significant increase of foreign investment, territorial changes of great impact and the production of buildings primarily intended for the hotel industry and second residence for European tourists. Since then, the incentives for tourist activity in the state have been maintained and even increased, based on tourism aimed at natural beauties, local cuisine and events, which transformed the tourist activity in one of the main sources of foreign exchange for the city of Natal. In the early 21st century, the construction of high-rise condominiums, monuments (including the designer ones), such as the Parque da Cidade, designed by Oscar Niemeyer, were already established. Also, shopping centers and, in order to host the World Cup, the new football stadium, the Arena das Dunas, among others, which were aimed at local and foreign consumers, especially European, stood out in the city. It is understood that these new buildings, monuments and also renovations and restorations that were deployed in the city of Natal aimed at constructing a new identity for the city, within the process of capitalist development and urban spectacle. It is considered that the monuments and the iconic buildings are attributes of the cities aimed at selling locations as goods, establishing a new urban environment, a new role as cities, which aimed at seeking greater autonomy from the nation-state. In this research, it was sought to analyze the architectural object, that is, buildings and monuments built or restored in Natal and its relevance to the city marketing promoted by the city itself. It was found that, indeed, such buildings and monuments are inserted in contemporary architectural production as a basis for increasing the competitive nature of Natal. In addition, they reveal a capitalist mode of production, supported by public resources, operating in the production of urban space with a view to repeating the hegemonic model of a competitive city
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The reformist movements in the field of mental health have pointed battle flags, among which the prioritization of production of mental health care out of the asylum environment should be highlighted, aiming the reduction of psychiatric beds, greater control over the hospitalization, family co-participation and the rescue of the citizenship of the social players involved. With the progressive reduction of asylum beds, associated with a lot of structural problems in the health services, the occurrence of crises outside the hospital environment has been increasingly frequent, thus giving the family an important therapeutic role. In face of this scenario, there is an urgent need to understand the social construction of the care for psychiatric emergencies, identifying the meanings assigned by family members to their constituent aspects. This study seeks to answer the following research question: what are the social representations of family members about the care of psychiatric emergencies in the city of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte? Therefore, the aim is to analyze the social representations of family members about the care of psychiatric emergencies in the city of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte. This is an exploratory and descriptive study, with a mixed approach, making use of multimethods: for collection, the semi-structured interview and the Technique of Free Association of Words; for data analysis, the Thematic Analysis of Bardin and its steps was used, with the informational support of the softwares ALCESTE (Analyse Lexicale par Contexte d'un Ensemble de Segments de Texte) and Iramuteq (Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires); and the theoretical support of social representations. The study participants totaled 72, and they were selected from the following criteria: older than18 years, with degree of kinship with users suffering from some mental and behavioral disorder, and who have already witnessed a situation of crisis, rescued by the SAMU or other means and taken to the psychiatric hospital or general emergency room. Preliminary results point out: 1.Previous note of the research project with the aim to disseminate it in the scientific community and ensure the intellectual property of the work; 2.The contextual analysis of the care for emergencies in the study place. Reflection about the phenomenon provide a name to the care for the psychiatric emergencies, which is called immediate context; the technical and operational aspects that influence the care, as a specific/ general context; and mental health policies in Brazil are identified as metacontext; 3. The systematic review from randomized clinical trials in the databases PubMed, COCHRANE, LILACS, SciELO and SCIRUS, with the use of the descriptors: ‘Physical restraint’, ‘Psychiatric emergency services’, ‘Restraint’, ‘Physical and Emergency Services’, ‘Psychiatric’. Only one work met the search protocol criteria: a short-term essay that records limited results about the proportion of people who are in restraint and seclusion. It does not show statistically significant results in relation to indications, contraindications and risks of the use of physical restraint; 4. The social representations of the care for psychiatric emergencies. The study results point to the presence of five thematic categories: 1. feeling in the face of the crisis/care; 2. thoughts and perspectives about the crisis/care; 3. centrality of care in the medical- medication-hospitalization triad; 4. the thinking/acting in the face of the use of physical restraint and police force; 5. periodicity of crises. The central core of the representation is in the first category, whilst the peripheral elements are in the third and fifth categories. The contrast zone is in the second and fourth categories. The sadness is the most prominent element of the structure. The social representations about the care for psychiatric crises are at a time of transition between the hegemonic and reformist models, with the traditional aspects being predominant, but already showing peripheral and contrast elements that point to a possible change in the representational field.
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This study makes an approach to the Morro Agudo Community (Cisterna) located in Catalão city(GO) rural area where stands the Maria Bárbara Sucena Municipal School. This school center is a result of getting together several small and isolated schools, which worked, scattered in many rural communities in the region. After this centralization in a single school, many students had to move along inconvenient distance to get their classes. Morro Agudo Community (Cisterna) was outstanding at garlic cultivation throughout the 1990`s when eventually this activity came to a decline. The region is constituted by properties of small tract of land. The landowners come from a Portuguese background and there are, in addit ion, migrant workers from the northeast region of Brazil. These northeasterners work for these local landowners, and that brings an additional meaning to the social relations in the region and to the rural schooling. The social and cultural diversity of the region has a feedback at the school arising tensions in many ways. In the teaching and learning process the school deals with this diversity, combined with rules and goals that, in the end, delivers a geography teaching not able to value the local knowledge accumulated in the region by its own inhabitants. New methodological approaches to rural school communities emerged out of the analysis of these unmet expectations. Furthermore, this study takes into consideration some “residues”, that means not all events are fit into programs; there are unintended consequences in an open process. All these are object of deep review in this doctoral dissertation. In this community, an analysis of the public policies implemented by Federal and municipal governments to rural schools communities in Brazil was conducted. The way in which public policies toward rural communities are implemented at the schools was reviewed; the goals they pursue and the role played by textbooks are also object of analysis. This study questions the relevance of this tools, mainly if they meet the real needs of the local people. The social representations of teachers and students are considered carefully based on their everyday lives and experiences.
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A presente dissertação, intitulada “Movimentos e Lutas Estudantis em Serviço Social nas últimas décadas em Portugal e no Brasil – uma primeira aproximação”, foi realizada no âmbito do Protocolo de Cooperação estabelecido entre o Instituto Superior Miguel Torga (ISMT) e a Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP), no âmbito do Mestrado em Serviço Social. Resgata aspectos históricos e actuais das mobilizações dos estudantes de Serviço Social em Portugal e do Movimento Estudantil em Serviço Social no Brasil. Em Portugal, a organização dos estudantes de Serviço Social inicia-se com pós 1974. As suas lutas estão vinculadas ao acesso à igualdade de direitos sociais relativamente aos estudantes do ensino superior público, pela integração da formação no sistema universitário público e pela atribuição do grau académico de licenciatura. A dissertação também dá conta da actual situação da organização estudantil nas Instituições de Ensino Superior onde é ministrado o 1º ciclo da formação em Serviço Social, analisando as dinâmicas das suas Associações de Estudantes e a participação dos estudantes nas mesmas, principalmente de Serviço Social. O Movimento Estudantil em Serviço Social no Brasil, pela sua trajectória história e pela sua estrutura organizativa apresenta-se como uma referência. Esta investigação é o primeiro passo para a construção da identidade dos estudantes de Serviço Social portugueses.
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The objective of this dissertation is understand the relationships built between subjects who occupy buildings in a state of abandonment to revitalize them - called okupas, noting which individuals construct such meanings on the practice of occupation and how to organize the construction and maintenance of a collective life project. Having the Okupa Squat Torém, located in the neighborhood of Fatima in the southern city of Fortaleza-CE, as locus and observed through the ethnographic method, followed the social practices of urban segment. I invested in a data collection revealed that the custom of okupas and their domestic habits, inside and outside of okupa, emphasizing the interaction situations, like most appropriate occasions to observe the constant negotiation and refinement of his cunning to intervene in the city . Among the objectives of this research, the main thing is to observe which senses are assigned to the practice of the occupation by okupas. For this, reflecting from the specifics of this urban phenomenon and talking mostly with the tradition of research in the field of anthropology, I tried to address some issues regarding the practice of okupação and organization of the group, which the principles and movements that make these contacts with city etc. The appropriation made by the subjects on the urban space here means understanding them as a cultural expression of a number of collective values, resulting from experience and perception of okupas like themselves. The intention is to show how this practice intervention and collective action has appeared in contemporary times and how my ethnography can contribute to a dialogue on the practices of mobilization and update of the city, considering the Theory of Recognition Axel Honneth (2003) as an analytical category useful to describe the forms of reciprocity experienced by okupas
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This research investigates how functionality, rationality, and emotionality applied to urban furniture design contribute to the organization, legibility, and qualification of public spaces, according to different layouts, physical and visual qualities of the urban furniture as well as the quality of urban infrastructure that may influence the uses and appropriation of urban spaces by pedestrians, turning those spaces into socially centripetal or centrifugal places. The work consists of two parts. First refers to a bibliographical review concerning two main issues of the investigation: product design and legibility of public space, defining the conceptual and theoretical bases, linked to methodological strategies aimed at systemic planning and integrated management of urban furniture design and legibility of public spaces (sidewalks), that are necessary to define the existing relationships among the user s interface (pedestrians); product (urban artifacts); built environment (sidewalks). The second part refers to the achievement of empirical approach throughout visual analysis of public spaces and the functional and qualitative evaluation of the existing urban furniture in the central neighborhood of Cidade Alta, Natal, RN, according to the theoretical researched concepts and methodological procedures. The results expose the weaknesses and levels of intensity arising from the relations among public space, urban furniture, and users, revealing the need for theoretical and practical approaches which would help the decision-making in planning, designing and integrating innovative, sustainable, and ethical solutions in order to design attractive public spaces that could provide sociability and citizenship throughout integrated public management, city systemic thinking and urban identity. The suggested guidelines at the end of this research will provide the necessary strategies to design suitable urban furniture systems according to aesthetic and practical urban infrastructure and city context, aiming to ease visual and physical conflicts that may negatively interfere with the appropriation of public spaces by the citizens
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Both the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century have been characterized as a period of major political, economic, social and cultural transformations. Two of the major consequences of the political-economical crisis of the end of last century are the restructuring of capitalist production, and the consolidation of neoliberalism as a worldwide phenomenon. This new world political-economical scenario has influenced, in a dialectic way, the contemporary urban development. In that sense, "new" spatial processes and new paradigms in both urban management and urban planning have gained shape. In this context of urban transformations, the central areas of western cities, also known as historic centers, are being increasingly (re)valued. Since the Second World War, the historic centers urban areas which have great infrastructure and symbolic relevance had been undergoing a process of evasion of population and activities, undeniably linked to the neglect of government authorities. However, in recent decades, the question of historic centers rehabilitation has acquired a growing interest, academically and in political agendas. The object of this dissertation is to focus on how the government of each Brazil and Portugal has dealt with the issue of historic center rehabilitation through programs of urban rehabilitation
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The Noise Pollution causes degradation in the quality of the environment and presents itself as one of the most common environmental problems in the big cities. An Urban environment present scenario and their complex acoustic study need to consider the contribution of various noise sources. Accordingly to computational models through mapping and prediction of acoustic scene become important, because they enable the realization of calculations, analyzes and reports, allowing the interpretation of satisfactory results. The study neighborhood is the neighborhood of Lagoa Nova, a central area of the city of Natal, which will undergo major changes in urban space due to urban mobility projects planned for the area around the stadium and the consequent changes of urban form and traffic. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the noise impact caused by road and morphological changes around the stadium Arena das Dunas in the neighborhood of Lagoa Nova, through on-site measurements and mapping using the computational model SoundPLAN year 2012 and the scenario evolution acoustic for the year 2017. For this analysis was the construction of the first acoustic mapping based on current diagnostic acoustic neighborhood, physical mapping, classified vehicle count and measurement of sound pressure level, and to build the prediction of noise were observed for the area study the modifications provided for traffic, urban form and mobility work. In this study, it is concluded that the sound pressure levels of the year in 2012 and 2017 extrapolate current legislation. For the prediction of noise were numerous changes in the acoustic scene, in which the works of urban mobility provided will improve traffic flow, thus reduce the sound pressure level where interventions are expected
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The present work analyzes the fast evolution of gated communities in Natal-RN´s urban space. Characterized by the occupation of large areas, providing private security and utilities, this kind of real estate use arises a long list of questions and issues from society and scholars, due to privatization of urban space, bending of law constraints and the lack of an integrated planning of the cities where they are built. The reasons for its fast growth in Brazil s urban areas are analyzed, considering the impact on formal urban planning and municipal services and on the identification of urbanistic, architectural pattern and constraints, as well as legal, social and economic issues. This study is based on the detailed analysis of the first three units of gated communities built in the urban space in Natal, between 1995 and 2003, including their evolution throughout time and the specific social and economic reasons for its present widespread adoption in Brazilian real estate market and, particulary, in our city. The main objective of this piece of work is to answer the why s and how s these phenomena evolved, setting a basis for the definition of adequate public policies and regulation of this kind of urban land use
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Esta dissertação apresenta a modelagem de uma ferramenta baseada em SMA para a simulação da produção e gestão social de um ecossistema urbano, a organização social do Projeto da Horta San Jeronimo(SJVG), localizado no Parque San Jeronimo Sevilha, Espanha, que e coordenado pela confederação Ecologistas en Accion . Estes processos sociais observados no projeto do SJVG são caracterizados pela ocorrência de uma serie de interações e trocas sociais entre os participantes. Além disso, os comportamentos periódicos, interações e comunicações são regulados pelo Regimento de Normas Internas, estabelecidos pela comunidade em assembleia, sob a supervisão e coordenação da confederação EA. O SMA foi concebido como um sistema JaCaMo multidimensional, composto por cinco dimensões integradas: a população de agentes, os artefatos normativos (a organização), os artefatos físicos (o ambiente dos agentes), artefatos de comunicação (o conjunto de interações) e os artefatos normativos (política normativa interna). A ferramenta utilizada no projeto e o framework JaCaMo, uma vez que apresenta suporte de alto nível e modularidade para o desenvolvimento das três primeiras dimensões acima mencionadas. Mesmo tendo enfrentado alguns problemas importantes que surgiram adotando o framework JaCaMo para desenvolvimento do Projeto SJVG-SMA, como: (i) a impossibilidade de especificação da periodicidade no modelo MOISE, (II) a impossibilidade de definir normas, seus atributos básicos (nome, periodicidade, papel a que se aplica) e as sanções, e (III) a inexistência de uma infraestrutura modular para a definição de interações através da comunicação, foi possível adotar soluções modulares interessantes para manter a ideia de um SMA de 5 dimensões, desenvolvidos na plataforma JaCaMo. As soluções apresentadas neste trabalho são baseadas principalmente no âmbito do Cartago, apontando também para a integração de artefatos organizacionais, normativos, físicos e de comunicação.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior