Remuneración de la alta dirección

De acuerdo a la normativa de TFEs el repositorio no puede dar acceso a este trabajo. Para consultarlo póngase en contacto con el tutor del trabajo. Puede acceder al resumen del mismo pinchando en el pdf adjunto

A Fitoterapia como tratamento complementar na Diabetes mellitus

Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas

Laserterapia em Implantologia

Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina Dentária

Tratamento do traumatismo dentário em dentição primária

Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina Dentária

Optimisation of the food dairy coop supply chain

In the European Union under the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) milk production was restricted by milk quotas since 1984. However, due to recent changes in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), milk quotas will be abolished by 2015. Therefore, the European dairy sector will soon face an opportunity, for the first time in a generation, to expand. Numerous studies have shown that milk production in Ireland will increase significantly post quotas (Laepple and Hennessy (2010), Donnellan and Hennessy (2007) and Lips and Reider (2005)). The research in this thesis explored milk transport and dairy product processing in the Irish dairy processing sector in the context of milk quota removal and expansion by 2020. In this study a national milk transport model was developed for the Irish dairy industry, the model was used to examine different efficiency factors in milk transport and to estimate milk transport costs post milk quota abolition. Secondly, the impact of different milk supply profiles on milk transport costs was investigated using the milk transport model. Current processing capacity in Ireland was compared against future supply, it was concluded that additional milk processing capacity would not be sufficient to process the additional milk. Thirdly, the milk transport model was used to identify the least cost locations (based on transport costs) to process the additional milk supply in 2020. Finally, an optimisation model was developed to identify the optimum configuration for the Irish dairy processing sector in 2020 taking cognisance of increasing transport costs and decreasing processing costs.

Assessment of dietary background exposure of the Irish adult population to dioxins and PCBs particularly taking into account additional exposure due to the 2008 Irish dioxin food contamination incident

Irish monitoring data on PCDD/Fs, DL-PCBs and Marker PCBs were collated and combined with Irish Adult Food Consumption Data, to estimate dietary background exposure of Irish adults to dioxins and PCBs. Furthermore, all available information on the 2008 Irish pork dioxin food contamination incident was collated and analysed with a view to evaluate any potential impact the incident may have had on general dioxin and PCB background exposure levels estimated for the adult population in Ireland. The average upperbound daily intake of Irish adults to dioxins Total WHO TEQ (2005) (PCDD/Fs & DLPCBs) from environmental background contamination, was estimated at 0.3 pg/kg bw/d and at the 95th percentile at 1 pg/kg bw/d. The average upperbound daily intake of Irish adults to the sum of 6 Marker PCBs from environmental background contamination ubiquitous in the environment was estimated at 1.6 ng/kg bw/d and at the 95th percentile at 6.8 ng/kg bw/d. Dietary background exposure estimates for both dioxins and PCBs indicate that the Irish adult population has exposures below the European average, a finding which is also supported by the levels detected in breast milk of Irish mothers. Exposure levels are below health based guidance values and/or Body Burdens associated with the TWI (for dioxins) or associated with a NOAEL (for PCBs). Given the current toxicological knowledge, based on biomarker data and estimated dietary exposure, general background exposure of the Irish adult population to dioxins and PCBs is of no human health concern. In 2008, a porcine fat sample taken as part of the national residues monitoring programme led to the detection of a major feed contamination incidence in the Republic of Ireland. The source of the contamination was traced back to the use of contaminated oil in a direct-drying feed operation system. Congener profiles in animal fat and feed samples showed a high level of consistency and pinpointed the likely source of fuel contamination to be a highly chlorinated commercial PCB mixture. To estimate additional exposure to dioxins and PCBs due to the contamination of pig and cattle herds, collection and a systematic review of all data associated with the contamination incident was conducted. A model was devised that took into account the proportion of contaminated product reaching the final consumer during the 90 day contamination incident window. For a 90 day period, the total additional exposure to Total TEQ (PCDD/F &DL-PCB) WHO (2005) amounted to 407 pg/kg bw/90d at the 95th percentile and 1911 pg/kg bw/90d at the 99th percentile. Exposure estimates derived for both dioxins and PCBs showed that the Body Burden of the general population remained largely unaffected by the contamination incident and approximately 10 % of the adult population in Ireland was exposed to elevated levels of dioxins and PCBs. Whilst people in this 10 % cohort experienced quite a significant additional load to the existing body burden, the estimated exposure values do not indicate approximation of body burdens associated with adverse health effects, based on current knowledge. The exposure period was also limited in time to approximately 3 months, following the FSAI recall of contaminated meat immediately on detection of the contamination. A follow up breast milk study on Irish first time mothers conducted in 2009/2010 did not show any increase in concentrations compared to the study conducted in 2002. The latter supports the conclusion that the majority of the Irish adult population was not affected by the contamination incident.

Proteomic approaches to environmental stress in mussel Mytilus edulis due to emerging classes of anthropogenic pollutants

Anthropogenic pollutant chemicals pose a major threat to aquatic organisms. There is a need for more research on emerging categories of environmental chemicals such as nanomaterials, endocrine disruptors and pharmaceuticals. Proteomics offers options and advantages for early warning of alterations in environmental quality by detecting sub-lethal changes in sentinel species such as the mussel, Mytilus edulis. This thesis aimed to compare the potential of traditional biomarkers (such as enzyme activity measurement) and newer redox proteomic approaches. Environmental proteomics, especially a redox proteomics toolbox, may be a novel way to study pollutant effects on organisms which can also yield information on risks to human health. In particular, it can probe subtle biochemical changes at sub-lethal concentrations and thus offer novel insights to toxicity mechanisms. In the first instance, the present research involved a field-study in three stations in Cork Harbour, Ireland (Haulbowline, Ringaskiddy and Douglas) compared to an outharbour control site in Bantry Bay, Ireland. Then, further research was carried out to detect effects of anthropogenic pollution on selected chemicals. Diclofenac is an example of veterinary and human pharmaceuticals, an emerging category of chemical pollutants, with potential to cause serious toxicity to non-target organisms. A second chemical used for this study was copper which is a key source of contamination in marine ecosystems. Thirdly, bisphenol A is a major anthropogenic chemical mainly used in polycarbonate plastics manufacturing that is widespread in the environment. It is also suspected to be an endocrine disruptor. Effects on the gill, the principal feeding organ of mussels, were investigated in particular. Effects on digestive gland were also investigated to compare different outcomes from each tissue. Across the three anthropogenic chemicals studied (diclofenac, copper and bisphenol A), only diclofenac exposure did not show any significant difference towards glutathione transferase (GST) responses. Meanwhile, copper and bisphenol A significantly increased GST in gill. Glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme analysis revealed that all three chemicals have significant responses in gill. Catalase activity showed significant differences in digestive gland exposed to diclofenac and gills exposed to bisphenol A. This study focused then on application of redox proteomics; the study of the oxidative modification of proteins, to M. edulis. Thiol proteins were labelled with 5-iodoacetamidofluorescein prior to one-dimensional and two-dimensional electrophoresis. This clearly revealed some similarities on a portion of the redox proteome across chemical exposures indicating where toxicity mechanism may be common and where effects are unique to a single treatment. This thesis documents that proteomics is a robust tool to provide valuable insights into possible mechanisms of toxicity of anthropogenic contaminants in M. edulis. It is concluded that future research should focus on gill tissue, on protein thiols and on key individual proteins discovered in this study such as calreticulin and arginine kinase which have not previously been considered as biomarkers in aquatic toxicology prior to this study.

The ranking of alternative tariff and quota policies in the presence of domestic monopoly

Bhagwati demonstrated the nonequivalence between tariffs and quotas in the presence of monopoly. This paper also assumes domestic production to be monopolized and shows that giving import licenses or tariff revenues to the domestic producer may raise or lower the welfare cost of protection and the price paid by consumers from the price under other tariff and quota arrangements which maintain the same market share for the domestic producer. However, if the monopolist realizes that commercial policy is an instrument used to maximize the policymaker's welfare function, instead of being a goal in itself, the equivalence of tariffs and quotas re-emerges. © 1977.

Harvesting life's energy: increase in the aerotolerence of the electrogenic anaerobe geobacter sulfurreducens due to over-expression of superoxide dismutase and catalase

Gemstone Team iGEM

Due to her tender age: Black girls and childhood on trial in South Carolina, 1885-1920

Drawing on local criminal court records in western and central South Carolina, this dissertation follows the legal experiences of black girls in South Carolina courts between 1885 and 1920, a time span that includes the aftermath of Reconstruction and the foundational years of Jim Crow. While scholars continue to debate the degree to which black children were included in evolving conversations about childhood and child protection, this dissertation argues that black girls were critical to turn-of-the century debates about all children's roles in society. Far from invisible in the courts and jails of their time, black girls found themselves in the crosshairs of varying forms of power --including intraracial community surveillance, burgeoning local government, Progressive reform initiatives and military policy -- particularly when it came to matters of sexuality and reproduction. Their presence in South Carolina courts established boundaries between early childhood, adolescence and womanhood and pushed legal stakeholders to consider the legal implication of age, race, and gender in criminal proceedings. Age had a complicated effect on black girls' legal encounters; very young black girls were often able to claim youth and escape harsher punishments, while courts often used judicial discretion to levy heavier sentences to adolescents and violent girl offenders. While courts helped to separate early childhood from the middle years, they also provided a space for African-American children and family to engage a legal system that was moving rapidly toward disenfranchising blacks.

Antibody deficiency due to a missense mutation in CD19 demonstrates the importance of the conserved tryptophan 41 in immunoglobulin superfamily domain formation.

Immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) domains are conserved structures present in many proteins in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. These domains are well-capable of facilitating sequence variation, which is most clearly illustrated by the variable regions in immunoglobulins (Igs) and T cell receptors (TRs). We studied an antibody-deficient patient suffering from recurrent respiratory infections and with impaired antibody responses to vaccinations. Patient's B cells showed impaired Ca(2+) influx upon stimulation with anti-IgM and lacked detectable CD19 membrane expression. CD19 sequence analysis revealed a homozygous missense mutation resulting in a tryptophan to cystein (W52C) amino acid change. The affected tryptophan is CONSERVED-TRP 41 located on the C-strand of the first extracellular IgSF domain of CD19 and was found to be highly conserved, not only in mammalian CD19 proteins, but in nearly all characterized IgSF domains. Furthermore, the tryptophan is present in all variable domains in Ig and TR and was not mutated in 117 Ig class-switched transcripts of B cells from controls, despite an overall 10% amino acid change frequency. In vitro complementation studies and CD19 western blotting of patient's B cells demonstrated that the mutated protein remained immaturely glycosylated. This first missense mutation resulting in a CD19 deficiency demonstrates the crucial role of a highly conserved tryptophan in proper folding or stability of IgSF domains.

Estrés térmico por alta temperatura en soja (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) : análisis de la dinámica de producción y fijación de vainas y su efecto sobre la determinación del rendimiento

En Argentina, y debido al amplio contexto geográfico donde crece, el cultivo de soja está expuesto frecuentemente a episodios de alta temperatura combinados con baja disponibilidad hídrica. Cuando ocurren durante etapas críticas, estas condiciones ambientales disminuyen el rendimiento del cultivo. Sin embargo, son escasos o inexistentes los estudios que evalúan los mecanismos ecofisiológicos que determinan la partición reproductiva y la generación del rendimiento en respuesta a la combinación de estos estreses abióticos. Los objetivos de esta tesis fueron estudiar la generación del rendimiento en soja, enfatizando el estudio de la dinámica de producción de estructuras reproductivas, la estabilidad de la partición reproductiva y de los mecanismos de compensación entre número y peso de granos en respuesta a la interacción de altas temperaturas y distintos niveles hídricos en suelo. Para ello, durante dos campañas, dos genotipos (DM 4200 y DM 4870) fueron evaluados ante la combinación de dos niveles de temperatura (impuestos como episodios estrés térmico de corta duración) y agua edáfica (riego y secano) durante la etapa crítica de generación de vainas. Se cuantificaron la evolución de la biomasa aérea, la eficiencia de uso de radiación, la dinámica de producción y fijación de vainas, el rendimiento y sus componentes (número y peso de granos) y las relaciones fuente/destino durante las etapas de determinación del número y del peso de los granos. La temperatura máxima promedio durante los episodios de estrés térmico superó en 5,6 ºC a la registrada en tratamientos control. La tasa de fijación de vainas fue 38 por ciento inferior en condiciones de alta temperatura combinada con secano con respecto a los controles regados. El estrés térmico en fructificación redujo el número de granos en ambas condiciones hídricas, aunque en distinta magnitud (17 por ciento riego; 42 por ciento secano). En contraste con los controles, el componente peso de granos no logró compensar la reducción del número de granos en la combinación de estrés térmico y secano. En consecuencia, la alta temperatura con secano redujo la partición reproductiva (15 por ciento p menor a 0,05) y el rendimiento fue consistentemente afectado (45 por ciento inferior a los controles regados). Los resultados de este estudio demuestran que la caída en partición reproductiva y, por ende, en rendimiento final no obedeció a fallas reproductivas ya que el número de vainas iniciadas fue similar en todos los tratamientos. La supervivencia de vainas se asoció con las condiciones ambientales durante las etapas tempranas de su desarrollo, alteradas por el episodio de estrés térmico. Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto la importancia de discriminar los efectos del estrés abiótico según el patrón temporal de fijación de vainas.

Cultivos de cobertura para mejorar las condiciones del suelo en rotaciones con alta frecuencia de soja

En la región pampeana los sistemas agrícolas han consolidado su participación en el uso de la tierra respecto a los ganaderos. Se considera que en el 80 por ciento de la superficie agrícola de la región se realiza soja sin rotación de cultivos (SAGP y A, 2008). La preponderancia de los cultivos de verano, y específicamente de la soja, en los sistemas productivos también prolonga el tiempo que los lotes quedan sin cobertura entre el lapso de dos secuencias de siembra de cultivos de verano. Una manera de mitigar la disminución del aporte de residuos ya sea en forma de rastrojo o proveniente de raíces sería lograr, una adecuada cobertura del suelo, utilizando especies gramíneas de crecimiento invernal como cultivo de cobertura (CC) en el prolongado tiempo que media entre las siembras de cultivos de verano. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la eficiencia de producción de materia seca (MS) de avena y raigrás utilizados como CC y las consecuencias sobre el rendimiento de soja, y propiedades edáficas asociadas al carbono en un suelo Hapludol éntico del Centro oeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires durante cinco campañas agrícolas en una secuencia con alta frecuencia de soja (...) A través de los resultados obtenidos durante estos 5 años, muy distintos climáticamente, se concluye que los CC podrían ser tecnologías de manejo de bajo costo con potencialidad de mitigar los efectos adversos que generaría la alta frecuencia de soja en suelos de textura franco-arenosa. Afectando positivamente las propiedades relacionadas con el C, COP, DA, PT e IB, sin producir cambios negativos sobre el cultivo de renta (soja)

Variación geográfica y genética en caracteres adaptativos iniciales de Nothofagus pumilio (Poepp. et Endl.) Krasser en una zona de alta heterogeneidad ambiental

La diversidad genética es un requisito para el cambio evolutivo. Por consiguiente, la conservación de la diversidad genética dentro de las especies es importante para asegurar el potencial de adaptación en un medio ambiente cambiante. La variación genética de los rasgos de importancia adaptativa se puede medir mediante la observación de la variación fenotípica en los ensayos de ambiente común. De acuerdo a su área de distribución y productividad potencial, Nothofagus pumilio (Poepp. et Endl.) es la especie arbórea nativa más importante de la Patagonia. Se halla en bosques puros en el límite superior arbóreo a ambos lados de la Cordillera de los Andes. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la variación geográfica y genética de poblaciones naturales de la especie en rasgos cuantitativos potencialmente adaptativos. Se muestrearon poblaciones naturales de la Provincia de Chubut representando los tres gradientes ambientales más relevantes de su área de distribución: latitudinal, altitudinal y de precipitación. Se analizó variación natural en caracteres seminales y se instalaron ensayos de ambiente común en los que se evaluaron variables correspondientes a plántulas en invernadero y plantines en campo. Con los datos obtenidos se estudió variación en caracteres cuantitativos entre y dentro de poblaciones. Los resultados principales muestran evidencias de variación clinal y ecotípica en los gradientes latitudinal y altitudinal, respectivamente, con indicios de adaptación local en el caso del gradiente altitudinal. También se verificó variación genética entre morfotipos. En algunas de las variables consideradas se registró una importante diversidad genética, tanto entre como dentro de poblaciones, mientras que en otras la diversidad fue muy baja. En la discusión se da cuenta del complejo patrón de variación geográfica y genética de la especie, presumiblemente determinado por factores históricos (probablemente relacionado con la última glaciación) y la presión de selección que opera actualmente. Las diferencias fueron evidentes en los gradientes evaluados y entre los diferentes tipos de caracteres, operando procesos de adaptación local y plasticidad fenotípica en un equilibrio variable.

Baja producción estival de panojas y alta calidad nutricional en una línea precomercial no - repanojante de cebadilla criolla (bromus catharticus vahl)

p.1-4