Aplicação simultânea de medidas antidumping e medidas compensatórias

O presente estudo visa esclarecer a possibilidade de aplicar medidas antidumping e medidas compensatórias, de forma simultânea, a um mesmo produto, Desse modo, o referido artigo evidencia a impossibilidade de aplicar ambas as medidas a um mesmo fato gerador, quando for verificada a existência de dumping e de subsídio à exportação, o que constituiria um double remedy. Entretanto, não haveria qualquer proibição acerca da aplicação simultânea das medidas, quando essas forem baseadas em fatos geradores distintos, ou seja, quando no cálculo do montante da medida antidumping aplicada não estiver incluído o valor referente ao subsídio recebido pelo produto, objeto de medida compensatória. Além disso, a interpretação restritiva do artigo leva à conclusão de que a aplicação simultânea de medidas anti-dumping e de medidas compensatórias não seria irregular se o subsídio visado por estas últimas se tratar de subsídio acionável e não proibido

Trade rules and exchange rate misalignments : in search for a WTO solution e medidas compensatórias

The debate on the link between trade rules and rules on exchange rates is raising the attention of experts on international trade law and economics. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the impacts of exchange rate misalignments on tariffs as applied by the WTO – World Trade Organization. It is divided into five sections: the first one explains the methodology used to determine exchange rate misalignments and also presents its results for Brazil, US and China; the second summarizes the methodology applied to calculate the impacts of exchange rate misalignments on the level of tariff protection through an exercise of “misalignment tariffication”; the third examines the effects of exchange rate variations on tariffs and their consequences for the multilateral trading system; the fourth one creates a methodology to estimate exchange rates against a currency of the World and a proposal to deal with persistent and significant misalignments related to trade rules. The conclusions are present in the last section

Medidas da complexidade da estrutura de algoritmos codificados em C

Nesta dissertação defendemos uma forma nova de medir o produto de software com base nas medidas usadas na teoria dos sistemas complexos. Consideramos o uso dessas medidas vantajoso em relação ao uso das medidas tradicionais da engenharia de software. A inovação desta dissertação sintetiza-se em considerar o produto de software como um sistema complexo, dotado de uma estrutura que comporta vários níveis e na proposta da correlação de gama longa como medida da complexidade de estrutura de programas fontes. Essa medida, invariante para a escala de cada nível da estrutura, pode ser calculada automaticamente. Na dissertação, primeiro descrevemos o processo de desenvolvimento do software e as medidas existentes para medir o referido processo e produto e introduzimos a teoria dos sistemas complexos. Concluímos que o processo tem características de sistema complexo e propomos que seja medido como tal. Seguidamente, estudamos a estrutura do produto e a dinâmica do seu. processo de desenvolvimento. Apresentamos um estudo experimental sobre algoritmos codificados em C, que usamos para validar hipóteses sobre a complexidade da estrutura do produto. Propomos a correlação de gama longa como medida da complexidade da estrutura. Estendemos essa medida a uma amostra codificada em Java. Concluímos, evidenciando as limitações e as potencialidades dessa medida e a sua aplicação em Engenharia de Software.

Medidas de concordância para variáveis categorizadas

Apesar desta tese se propor abordar exclusivamente variáveis categorizadas e medidas que descrevem a relação entre estas variáveis, consideramos extremamente relevante estender ao caso em que uma das variáveis em estudo de uma variável contínua. Tais medidas, quando usadas corretamente, fornecem uma descrição útil da estrutura implícita numa tabela de contingência. Ao longo dos anos, muitos cientistas deduziram medidas de associação de acordo com o que se propunham avaliar. Perante um conjunto tão variado de medidas, o nosso objetivo foi sumarizá-las, classificá-las em grupos mais gerais e estabelecer em que situações de que a sua utilização é indicada. Apesar de estarmos interessados em avaliar a concordância, realizámos que era essencial incluir nesta tese os testes de ajustamento e a análise de tabelas de contingência.

Avaliação da fidedignidade dos ensaios de esteróides fecais realizados no Laboratório de Medidas Hormonais do Departamento de Fisiologia da UFRN

NASCIMENTO, H. G. ; FERNANDES, L. C. ; SOUSA, M. B. C. . Avaliação da fidedignidade dos ensaios de esteróides fecais realizados no Laboratório de Medidas Hormonais do Departamento de Fisiologia da UFRN. Publica , v. 2, p. 39-48, 2006.

Efeitos da composição domiciliar e da escala equivalente sobre as medidas de desigualdade de renda e pobreza no Brasil

MARIANO, J. L. ; FIGUEIREDO, ERIK A. . Efeitos da composição domiciliar e da escala equivalente sobre as medidas de desigualdade de renda e pobreza no Brasil. In: XXXVI Encontro Nacional de Economia,Salvador 2008.

Efetividade da doxiciclina na profilaxia contra letptospirose

Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis of considerable medical and economical importance that affects humans in both urban and rural contexts, as well as domestic animals and wild fauna. Leptospira interrogans is the causative agent and is transmitted to humans by indirect contact with contaminated soil or water. The clinical syndromes include sub clinical infection, self-limited anicteric febrile illness, and severe and potentially fatal illness, known as Weil´s syndrome. In developed countries, leptospirosis is related to occupational or recreational activities while in developing countries, outbreaks occur during floods. In those regions, traditional strategies to prevent the transmission are difficulties to be implemented because of costs and lack of community acceptance. In addition, no efficient vaccine is available for human use. Several studies have suggested that chemoprophylaxis with doxycycline pre and post-exposure may be effective to prevent leptospirosis. Leptospirosis has been reported in rural areas of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil since 1985 in rice farmers who present the anicteric illness. The disease cause great social and economics impact. The study was conducted in São Miguel where an epidemic of leptospirosis in rice farmers was reported. The main objective was to determine the efficacy of doxycycline in preventing Leptospira exposure. A taxa de soroprevalência de leptospirose na população estudada antes e após a colheita foi de 14,2% (n=22) e de 16.6% (n=27) respectivamente. Anti-Leptospira serology was determined for 61 subjects in two instances, pre and post-exposure to potential contaminated water. There was an increased risk of 29.0 per cent in acquiring infection for individuals that did not use doxycycline. In addition, an increased risk of 30.0 % observed in farmers who did not use protection when exposed to Leptospira. The adhesion to preventive chemoprophylaxis was 55.7%. Therefore doxycycline, under specific circunstances appears to be an effective alternative to protect against leptosprirosis infection. A large sample composed of individuals to adhere to preventive therapy is needed to define time, dosage and length of use of doxycycline in this area

Simulação computacional de medidas estereológicas em estruturas de metal duro (WC-Co)

This work focuses on the creation and applications of a dynamic simulation software in order to study the hard metal structure (WC-Co). The technological ground used to increase the GPU hardware capacity was Geforce 9600 GT along with the PhysX chip created to make games more realistic. The software simulates the three-dimensional carbide structure to the shape of a cubic box where tungsten carbide (WC) are modeled as triangular prisms and truncated triangular prisms. The program was proven effective regarding checking testes, ranging from calculations of parameter measures such as the capacity to increase the number of particles simulated dynamically. It was possible to make an investigation of both the mean parameters and distributions stereological parameters used to characterize the carbide structure through cutting plans. Grounded on the cutting plans concerning the analyzed structures, we have investigated the linear intercepts, the intercepts to the area, and the perimeter section of the intercepted grains as well as the binder phase to the structure by calculating the mean value and distribution of the free path. As literature shows almost consensually that the distribution of the linear intercepts is lognormal, this suggests that the grain distribution is also lognormal. Thus, a routine was developed regarding the program which made possible a more detailed research on this issue. We have observed that it is possible, under certain values for the parameters which define the shape and size of the Prismatic grain to find out the distribution to the linear intercepts that approach the lognormal shape. Regarding a number of developed simulations, we have observed that the distribution curves of the linear and area intercepts as well as the perimeter section are consistent with studies on static computer simulation to these parameters.

Caracterização ambiental de bancos areno-lamosos nos campos petrolíferos de Macau e Serra (RN), como subsídio às medidas mitigadoras ao processo erosivo

On Rio Grande do Norte northern coast the process of sediment transport are intensely controlled by wind and sea (waves and currents) action, causing erosion and shoreline morphological instability. Due to the importance of such coastal zone it was realized the multi-spectral mapping and physical-chemical characterization of mudflats and mangroves aiming to support the mitigating actions related to the containment of the erosive process on the oil fields of Macau and Serra installed at the study area. The multi-spectral bands of 2000 and 2008 LANDSAT 5 TM images were submitted on the several digital processing steps and RGB color compositions integrating spectral bands and Principal Components. Such processing methodology was important to the mapping of different units on surface, together with field works. It was possible to make an analogy of the spectral characteristics of wetlands with vegetations areas (mangrove), showing the possibility to make a restoration of this area, contributing with the environmental monitoring of that ecosystem. The maps of several units were integrated in GIS environment at 1:60,000 scale, including the classification of features according to the presence or absence of vegetation cover. Thus, the strategy of methodology established that there are 10.13 km2 at least of sandy-muddy and of these approximately 0.89 km2 with the possibility to be used in a reforestation of typical flora of mangrove. The physical-chemical characterization showed areas with potential to introduce local species of mangrove and they had a pH above neutral with a mean of 8.4. The characteristic particle size is sand in the fine fractions, the high levels of carbonate, organic matter and major and trace element in general are concentrated where the sediment had the less particles size, showing the high correlation that those elements have with smaller particles of sediment. The application of that methodological strategy is relevant to the better understanding of features behavior and physical-chemical data of sediment samples collected on field allow the analysis of efficiency/capability of sandy-muddy to reforestation with local mangrove species for mitigation of the erosive action and coastal processes on the areas occupied by the oil industry