Report on Special Investigation of the City of Pleasant Plain, For the period January 1, 2004 through May 3, 2006

City Audit Report - Special Investigation

A Model of Collateral, Investment, and Adverse Selection

This paper characterizes the relationship between entrepreneurial wealth and aggregate investment under adverse selection. Its main finding is that such a relationship need not be monotonic. In particular, three results emerge from the analysis: (i) pooling equilibria, in which investment is independent of entrepreneurial wealth, are more likely to arise when entrepreneurial wealth is relatively low; (ii) separating equilibria, in which investment is increasing in entrepreneurial wealth, are most likely to arise when entrepreneurial wealth is relatively high and; (iii) for a given interest rate, an increase in entrepreneurial wealth may generate a discontinuous fall in investment.

Fat oxidation kinetics during exercise in obese individuals

Introduction An impaired ability to oxidize fat may be a factor in the obesity's aetiology (3). Moreover, the exercise intensity (Fatmax) eliciting the maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO) was lower in obese (O) compared with lean (L) individuals (4). However, difference in fat oxidation rate (FOR) during exercise between O and L remains equivocal and little is known about FORs during high intensities (>60% ) in O compared with L. This study aimed to characterize fat oxidation kinetics over a large range of intensities in L and O. Methods 12 healthy L [body mass index (BMI): 22.8±0.4] and 16 healthy O men (BMI: 38.9±1.4) performed submaximal incremental test (Incr) to determine whole-body fat oxidation kinetics using indirect calorimetry. After a 15-min resting period (Rest) and 10-min warm-up at 20% of maximal power output (MPO, determined by a maximal incremental test), the power output was increased by 7.5% MPO every 6-min until respiratory exchange ratio reached 1.0. Venous lactate and glucose and plasma concentration of epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), insulin and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) were assessed at each step. A mathematical model (SIN) (1), including three variables (dilatation, symmetry, translation), was used to characterize fat oxidation (normalized by fat-free mass) kinetics and to determine Fatmax and MFO. Results FOR at Rest and MFO were not significantly different between groups (p≥0.1). FORs were similar from 20-60% (p≥0.1) and significantly lower from 65-85% in O than in L (p≤0.04). Fatmax was significantly lower in O than in L (46.5±2.5 vs 56.7±1.9 % respectively; p=0.005). Fat oxidation kinetics was characterized by similar translation (p=0.2), significantly lower dilatation (p=0.001) and tended to a left-shift symmetry in O compared with L (p=0.09). Plasma E, insulin and NEFA were significantly higher in L compared to O (p≤0.04). There were no significant differences in glucose, lactate and plasma NE between groups (p≥0.2). Conclusion The study showed that O presented a lower Fatmax and a lower reliance on fat oxidation at high, but not at moderate, intensities. This may be linked to a: i) higher levels of insulin and lower E concentrations in O, which may induce blunted lipolysis; ii) higher percentage of type II and a lower percentage of type I fibres (5), and iii) decreased mitochondrial content (2), which may reduce FORs at high intensities and Fatmax. These findings may have implications for an appropriate exercise intensity prescription for optimize fat oxidation in O. References 1. Cheneviere et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 2. Holloway et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 3. Kelley et al. Am J Physiol. 1999 4. Perez-Martin et al. Diabetes Metab. 2001 5. Tanner et al. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002

Report on Special Investigation of Selected Accounts at Kennedy High School, Cedar Rapids Community School District, For the Period June 1, 2003 through May 31, 2006

Community School District Audit Report - Special Investigation

IoWoman May/June 2006, Vol.36, no.3

Newsletter for the Iowa Commission on the Status of Women

Review of Inconsistencies Between SUDAS and Iowa DOT Specifications, May 2006

The objectives of this multi-part project were to review the Iowa DOT Specifications and SUDAS Specifications section by section and develop recommendations for possible changes that will allow the two specifications to be used together.

Precision of a new tool to measure visceral adipose tissue (VAT) using dual-energy X-Ray absorptiometry (DXA).

OBJECTIVE: A new tool to quantify visceral adipose tissue (VAT) over the android region of a total body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan has recently been reported. The measurement, CoreScan, is currently available on Lunar iDXA densitometers. The purpose of the study was to determine the precision of the CoreScan VAT measurement, which is critical for understanding the utility of this measure in longitudinal trials. DESIGN AND METHODS: VAT precision was characterized in both an anthropomorphic imaging phantom (measured on 10 Lunar iDXA systems) and a clinical population consisting of obese women (n = 32). RESULTS: The intrascanner precision for the VAT phantom across 9 quantities of VAT mass (0-1,800 g) ranged from 28.4 to 38.0 g. The interscanner precision ranged from 24.7 to 38.4 g. There was no statistical dependence on the quantity of VAT for either the inter- or intrascanner precision result (p = 0.670). Combining inter- and intrascanner precision yielded a total phantom precision estimate of 47.6 g for VAT mass, which corresponds to a 4.8% coefficient of variance (CV) for a 1 kg VAT mass. Our clinical population, who completed replicate total body scans with repositioning between scans, showed a precision of 56.8 g on an average VAT mass of 1110.4 g. This corresponds to a 5.1% CV. Hence, the in vivo precision result was similar to the phantom precision result. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that CoreScan has a relatively low precision error in both phantoms and obese women and therefore may be a useful addition to clinical trials where interventions are targeted towards changes in visceral adiposity.

Study Circles Newsletter, April-May 1997

Study Circles a publication produced by the Iowa Civil Right Commission as a newsletter.

Team Diversity Newsletter, Vol 2, no. 2, May/June 1997

Newsletter produced by Iowa Civil Right Commission for the community about the community.

Team Diversity Newsletter, Vol 3, no.2, May/June 1998

Newsletter produced by Iowa Civil Right Commission for the community about the community.

Team Diversity Newsletter, Vol 5, no.1, May, 2000

Newsletter produced by Iowa Civil Right Commission for the community about the community.

Genes involved in the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) are specifically regulated in cortical astrocytes following sleep deprivation in mice.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: There is growing evidence indicating that in order to meet the neuronal energy demands, astrocytes provide lactate as an energy substrate for neurons through a mechanism called "astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle" (ANLS). Since neuronal activity changes dramatically during vigilance states, we hypothesized that the ANLS may be regulated during the sleep-wake cycle. To test this hypothesis we investigated the expression of genes associated with the ANLS specifically in astrocytes following sleep deprivation. Astrocytes were purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting from transgenic mice expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the human astrocytic GFAP-promoter. DESIGN: 6-hour instrumental sleep deprivation (TSD). SETTING: Animal sleep research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Young (P23-P27) FVB/N-Tg (GFAP-GFP) 14Mes/J (Tg) mice of both sexes and 7-8 week male Tg and FVB/Nj mice. INTERVENTIONS: Basal sleep recordings and sleep deprivation achieved using a modified cage where animals were gently forced to move. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Since Tg and FVB/Nj mice displayed a similar sleep-wake pattern, we performed a TSD in young Tg mice. Total RNA was extracted from the GFP-positive and GFP-negative cells sorted from cerebral cortex. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that levels of Glut1, α-2-Na/K pump, Glt1, and Ldha mRNAs were significantly increased following TSD in GFP-positive cells. In GFP-negative cells, a tendency to increase, although not significant, was observed for Ldha, Mct2, and α-3-Na/K pump mRNAs. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that TSD induces the expression of genes associated with ANLS specifically in astrocytes, underlying the important role of astrocytes in the maintenance of the neuro-metabolic coupling across the sleep-wake cycle.