Anopheles (Shannoniezia) costalimai Fonseca e Ramos, 1940, novo nome e a redescrição da espécie (Diptera-Culicidae)

O autor trabalhando com material de Paranaguá (Paraná, Brasil) identificou varios exemplares de A. (Sh.) costalimais (=limai). Redescreveu a espécie, apresentando descrição da larva e pupa. Por sua solicitação os autores da espécie propuzeram um nome novo para a espécie pro achar-se o nome limai ocupado com uma variedade de A. (N) albitarsis descrita por Galvão de Lane, 1937. Conservou valido o sub-gênero Shannoniezia criado por Fonseca e Ramos 1940. Discute no trabalho o diagnóstico diferencial entre A. (Sh.) costalimai e A. (Sh.) mediopunctatus. Refere-se de passagem a A. (Sh.) costai não opina por sua validade. Refere-se ao material com que trabalharam Bonne e Bonne Webster achando que estes autores trabalharam com mais de uma espécie, pois não há concordância nas descrições para especimens de localidades diversas.

On the choice of an exchange rate regime: target zones revisited

From the classical gold standard up to the current ERM2 arrangement of the European Union, target zones have been a widely used exchange regime in contemporary history. This paper presents a benchmark model that rationalizes the choice of target zones over the rest of regimes: the fixed rate, the free float and the managed float. It is shown that the monetary authority may gain efficiency by reducing volatility of both the exchange rate and the interest rate at the same time. Furthermore, the model is consistent with some known stylized facts in the empirical literature that previous models were not able to produce, namely, the positive relation between the exchange rate and the interest rate differential, the degree of non-linearity of the function linking the exchage rate to fundamentals and the shape of the exchange rate stochastic distribution.

Insecta Amapaensia: Diptera conopidae: espécies do gênero Stylogaster macquart, 1835

Dans le présent travail quatre espèces nouvelles de Stylogaster Macq. ont été décrites avec le dessin des respectives "genitalia" pour mieux déterminer les espéces. Ils ont été faits aussi dessins du mâle de Stylogaster stylata Fabricius pour la comparaison avec S. souzai sp. n. Nous avons utilisé, pour cette étude, le matériel collecté par John Lane au Território do Amapá, Brasil en 1957, 1958 et 1959.

Quatro especies nuevas de nematodos del sur del Perú y redescripción de Hedruris Orestiae Moniez, 1889

En el estudio helmintológico de anfibios del género Telmatobius Wiegmann, 1834, y del pez Orestias luteus Valenciennes, 1839, de las zonas de Arequipa, Puno y del Lago Titicaca, se han encontrado nematodes de los géneros Hedruris Nitzsch, 1821 y Falcaustra Lane, 1915. Se redescribe Hedruris orestiae Moniez, 1889 y se describen cuatro especies nuevas: Hedruris moniezi sp. n., Falcaustra condorcanquii sp. n., Falcaustra pumacahuai sp. n. y Falcaustra tiahuanaquensis sp. n.

Dysproteinaemia in the differential diagnosis of kala-azar

Serum protein abnormalities were examined in six kala-azar (KA) patients, six controls with positive immunofluorescence tests with Leishmania donovani antigens, and six seronegative controls. KA patients were clearly distinguishable from controls by several parameters, including A/G ratio, albumin and globulin levels, IgM and IgG titers, and positive rheumatoid factor (RF) tests. A positive relationship was noted between RF titers and serum levels of IgM. The diagnostic value and possibel pathologic significance of serum abnormalities in KA is discussed.

Host factors influencing outcome of Leishmania mexicana infection in mice

Studies were undertaken to determine the influence of several host-related parameters on the course of Leishmania mexicana mexicana infection in inbred C57B1/10 (C57) and outbred albino (OA) mice. An important influence of the following variables was demonstrated: Host strain: lesions in C57s were significantly less variable in size and outcome than those of OAs under the conditions studied and even when persistent developed at a slower rate. Host age: Subcutanous injection of 2 x 10 [raised to the power of 4] to 2 x 10 [raised to the power of 6] amastigotes into the dorsum of the rear paw produced significantly larger lesions which healed more slowly in 2 mo. old C57s than in 4 mo. old mice. Reduced healing ability was observed in older (8 mo. old) female C57s, and low mortality occurred after 15 months of age in infected mice of both sexes. Lesion site: Following amastigote infection, lesions in paws of most C57s regress within 15 - 25 wks. In contrast, perinasal legions produced with the same number of parasites tend to persist for the life of the animal as slowly spreading irregular nodules. In animals infected in both locations, each lesion site behaves similarly to that in singly infected animals of the same age, i.e. regression in the two sites is independent. Our results indicate that while host strain may strongly influence infection outcoem, such variables as lesion site and host age play important roles and may explain, in part, reported inter- and intraexperimental variability in responses of murine hosts to a given leishmanial parasite.

Sobre uma nova espécie de Phoniomyia (Diptera: Culicidae) do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Phoniomyia deanei sp.n. (Diptera: Culicidae) é descrita no presente trabalho a partir de adultos fêmea e macho procedentes de Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Esta espécie aproxima-se de Ph. bonnei Lane & Cerqueira, 1942, porém é facilmente separada pelos caracteres da genitália masculina, particularmente pelas cerdas do basistilo.

The distribution of two morphological forms of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva) (Diptera: Psychodidae)

The males of the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis occur in two forms, one which bears a single pair of pale spots on tergite 4 and another in which an additional pair of spots characterizes tergite 3. Almost complete reproductive isolation between sumpatric populations of the two forms and between allopatric populations of the one-spot form has been reported (Ward et al., 1983). Micromorphological differences in cuticular structures on the spots have also been observed and may be sites of pheromone release (Lane & Ward, 1984). Detais of the known distribution of the two are based on the examination of new specimens captured in Brazil during 1982, as well as museum collections and specimens from other laboratories. Males with a single pair of pale spots have been found from Mexico to southern Brazil, whilst the two-spot form is found only from the state of Maranhão in North Brazil to Minas Gerais and the border with Paraguay. In the eastern area of Brazil the two forms occur sympatrically in some locations and separately in others.

Disseny i aplicació del protocol d'instal·lació d'energia fotovoltaica en edificis aïllats de la xarxa elèctrica al PNAP

En el perímetre del parc es troben gran nombre d’edificacions amb mancances de subministrament elèctric per la gran dispersió de la població de la comarca. L’objectiu d’aquest estudi és desenvolupar un protocol per determinar la viabilitat de l’energia fotovoltaica en edificis aïllats i aplicar-la de forma pilot a dos edificis gestionats pels responsables del Parc Natural de l’Alt Pirineu: el Centre de Logística i Manteniment (CLM) i el Refugi del Fornet. Aquests han estat escollits per la seva representativitat com a edificis aïllats de la xarxa elèctrica convencional. S’ha elaborat una metodologia pròpia, el Protocol d’instal·lació d’energia fotovoltaica en edificis aïllats de la xarxa elèctrica. S’ha realitzat una anàlisi de sensibilitats del dimensionat fotovoltaic davant la modificació de diversos paràmetres rellevants. Això ha permès determinar les característiques òptimes de viabilitat per als dos edificis en estudi i el cost de la instal·lació fotovoltaica (17.183€ el CLM i 164.815 € el Refugi del Fornet). Els resultats obtinguts en els dos edificis pilot han mostrat el gran cost relatiu entre l’energia fotovoltaica i l’energia elèctrica produïda a partir de combustibles fòssils.

Disseny i implementació d'un web modular amb gestió de continguts

Aquest projecte té com a objectiu el desenvolupament d'un site web amb la possibilitat que la gestió del seu contingut fos administrat per persones alienes a la implementació de la web. Aquesta fita ha estat duta a terme en una web d'una entitat esportiva, la Unió Esportiva Sant Cugat, des d'on durant 2 anys i mig s'ha gestionat la informació i comunicació a través de la xarxa amb aquest mitjà. L'estructuració del projecte ha estat totalment modular, per d'aquesta manera facilitar el dinamisme de canvis de possibles continguts que es poden incorporar a la web de manera molt ràpida i senzilla.

Sistema de control remot d'una màquina de rajos X via web

El projecte desenvolupat té com a objectiu la millora en la gestió de la configuració de les màquines de rajos X de l'empresa Varpe. La principal funció d’aquestes màquines és la inspecció d'envasos de productes alimentaris, amb l'objectiu de detectar anomalies produïdes durant l'envasat. En l'actualitat la resolució d'incidències d'aquestes màquines requereix el desplaçament físic d'operaris a les localitzacions on estan situades les màquines. El projecte proporciona una nova forma de treball a partir de l'ús de bases de dades distribuïdes en les màquines de rajos X i que són gestionades per un servidor central. Entre d'altres, la principal avantatge d'aquesta gestió és que la reconfiguració i resolució d'indecències es pot realitzar fàcilment a través d'una aplicació web.

Response of bat species to sylvo-pastoral abandonment

We assessed the effect of abandonment of sylvo-pastoral practices in chestnut orchards (Castanea sativa) on bats in southern Switzerland to determine practical recommendations for bat conservation. We compared bat species richness and foraging activities between traditionally managed and unmanaged chestnut orchards, testing the hypothesis that managed orchards provide better foraging opportunities and harbour more bat species. Echolocation calls of foraging bats were sampled simultaneously at paired sites of managed and unmanaged orchards using custom made recorders. Vegetation structure and aerial insect availability were sampled at the recording sites and used as explanatory variables in the model. In a paired sampling design, we found twice the number of bat species (12) and five times higher total foraging activity in the managed chestnut orchards compared to the unmanaged ones. Bat species with low flight manoeuvrability were 14 times more common in managed orchards, whereas bats with medium to high manoeuvrability were only 5 times more common than in abandoned orchards. The vegetation structure was less dense in managed orchards. However, management did not affect relative insect abundance. Bats primarily visited the most open orchards, free of undergrowth. As a result of restricted access into the overgrown forests, the abandonment of chestnut orchards leads to a decline in bat species richness and foraging activities. Continued management of chestnut orchards to maintain an open structure is important for the conservation of endangered bat species in the southern Swiss Alps.

Análisis de viabilidad para la centralización de entornos distribuidos

Cada vez es más habitual encontrar tanto el software como el hardware común de las empresas distribuido y gestionado en diferentes servidores que se encargan de servir al usuario aquello que necesita sólo cuando éste lo pide. Este sistema de distribución de la información se llama centralización. Este sistema de distribución requiere un mantenimiento constante para así poder atender todas las demandas de los usuarios. El mantenimiento se convierte, gracias a la centralización en algo relativamente sencillo puesto que sólo es en el servidor donde se tienen que realizar los cambios, actualizaciones o instalación de nuevo software. Es importante entonces comprobar que estas nuevas actualizaciones del servidor responderán correctamente cuando los usuarios las requieran remotamente. En este proyecto nos hemos encargado de analizar cómo se realizan las comprobaciones necesarias para asegurar el correcto funcionamiento de los servidores remotos considerando tanto el entorno en el que se realizan como las herramientas necesarias para llevarlo a cabo. Para completar la información nos hemos centrado en un ejemplo particular de test de carga.

Scheduling of straddle carriers in a container terminal

Report for the scientific sojourn at the University of California at Berkeley between September 2007 to February 2008. The globalization combined with the success of containerization has brought about tremendous increases in the transportation of containers across the world. This leads to an increasing size of container ships which causes higher demands on seaport container terminals and their equipment. In this situation, the success of container terminals resides in a fast transhipment process with reduced costs. For these reasons it is necessary to optimize the terminal’s processes. There are three main logistic processes in a seaport container terminal: loading and unloading of containerships, storage, and reception/deliver of containers from/to the hinterland. Moreover there is an additional process that ensures the interconnection between previous logistic activities: the internal transport subsystem. The aim of this paper is to optimize the internal transport cycle in a marine container terminal managed by straddle carriers, one of the most used container transfer technologies. Three sub-systems are analyzed in detail: the landside transportation, the storage of containers in the yard, and the quayside transportation. The conflicts and decisions that arise from these three subsystems are analytically investigated, and optimization algorithms are proposed. Moreover, simulation has been applied to TCB (Barcelona Container Terminal) to test these algorithms and compare different straddle carrier’s operation strategies, such as single cycle versus double cycle, and different sizes of the handling equipment fleet. The simulation model is explained in detail and the main decision-making algorithms from the model are presented and formulated.