Schmidtea mediterranea phylogeography: an old species surviving on a few mediterranean islands?

Schmidtea mediterranea (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Continenticola) is found in scattered localities on a few islands and in coastal areas of the western Mediterranean. Although S. mediterranea is the object of many regeneration studies, little is known about its evolutionary history. Its present distribution has been proposed to stem from the fragmentation and migration of the Corsica-Sardinia microplate during the formation of the western Mediterranean basin, which implies an ancient origin for the species. To test this hypothesis, we obtained a large number of samples from across its distribution area. Using known and new molecular markers and, for the first time in planarians, a molecular clock, we analysed the genetic variability and demographic parameters within the species and between its sexual and asexual populations to estimate when they diverged. Results: A total of 2 kb from three markers (COI, CYB and a nuclear intron N13) was amplified from ~200 specimens. Molecular data clustered the studied populations into three groups that correspond to the west, central and southeastern geographical locations of the current distribution of S. mediterranea. Mitochondrial genes show low haplotype and nucleotide diversity within populations but demonstrate higher values when all individuals are considered. The nuclear marker shows higher values of genetic diversity than the mitochondrial genes at the population level, but asexual populations present lower variability than the sexual ones. Neutrality tests are significant for some populations. Phylogenetic and dating analyses show the three groups to be monophyletic, with the west group being the basal group. The time when the diversification of the species occurred is between ~20 and ~4 mya, although the asexual nature of the western populations could have affected the dating analyses. Conclusions: S. mediterranea is an old species that is sparsely distributed in a harsh habitat, which is probably the consequence of the migration of the Corsica-Sardinia block. This species probably adapted to temperate climates in the middle of a changing Mediterranean climate that eventually became dry and hot. These data also suggest that in the mainland localities of Europe and Africa, sexual individuals of S. mediterranea are being replaced by asexual individuals that are either conspecific or are from other species that are better adapted to the Mediterranean climate.

De llibertat, autoritat i in/dependències (a la vida i l'obra de Maria-Mercè Marçal)

This article pays attention to two moments in the life and work (inseparably united) of Maria-Mercè Marçal. The first refers to a search of small objects presided by the moon. Taking this search as a motif, the freedom which the poet confers to the nocturnal light ¿mythical and magical symbol of femaleness- and, therefore, to that which symbolises the heavenly body, is revealed. The second moment revolves around the reflection of Marçal on the ¿female authority¿, a concept which this author, inspired by the philosophical community of Diotima, distinguishes from power. Throughout history, Maria-Mercè Marçal remarked, many women have gained strength from the free atribution of authority to other women, to their texts, to their experiences.

Los Libros de Artista-Arte de Josep Guinovart

Este artículo pretende analizar y etiquetar la obra producida por Josep Guinovart (1927-2007), a partir de Federico García Lorca, Joan Salvat-Papasseit, Salvador Espriu, José Hierro y Ramón Guillem, dentro del formato"Libro-Arte." Unas veces la obra es el resultado de un esfuerzo en tándem, otras es el testimonio visual y poético de un mismo sentir. En cualquiera de los casos veremos como la creación artística de uno potencia y enriquece la del otro.

[Voyage en Italie : 1824-1830]. , Sta Maria Novella : [vue perspective] : [dessin] / h. L. [Henri Labrouste]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 140

[Voyage en Italie : 1824-1830]. , [Tombeaux] à Sta Maria Novella : [coupe et élévation des tombeaux (trois travées)] : [dessin] / h. L. [Henri Labrouste]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 142

[Voyage en Italie : 1824-1830]. , Détails de l'ordre de la façade de l'Eglise de Sta Maria Novella par L. B. Albert : [plan de la partie gauche de la façade et détails de deux colonnes] : [dessin] / h. L. [Henri Labrouste]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 141

[Voyage en Italie : 1824-1830]. , Sta Maria delle Grazie fuori delle mura. Sur une Echelle de 0005 P.M. : [vue perspective d'un détail de la corniche, plan et vue perspective frontale de l'église] : [dessin] / h. L. [Henri Labrouste]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 14

[Voyage en Italie : 1824-1830]. , Bénitier dans l'Eglise de S. Maria dei Servi. S. Maria dei Servi. Madona di Baracano : [élévation du bénitier, plan des deux églises] : [dessin] / h. L. [Henri Labrouste]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 39-40

[Rome. Basilica di Santa Maria in Aracoeli]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 507