Marcadores biológicos y clearance de lactato como factores pronóstico de mortalidad en la sepsis.

La sèpsia és la resposta del organisme davant una agresió externa, com a resultat de la interacció de l'agent agressor amb l'organisme agredit. Malgrat els dels avanços i les noves guias continua essent, una de les patologies més freqüents a les unitats de cures intensives. A més a més de la sospita clínica, són necesaris altres marcadors que ens ajudin al diagnóstic per a iniciar un tractament agresiu precoç. En aquest traball s'estudia una cohort de pacients, observant si la determinació dels valors lactat arterial (puntual i evolutiu) i l'aclarament de lactat com a marcadors de l'oxigenació tisular, poden servir com a guia per a una correcta resucitació, i si poden tenir valor pronòstic. Es realitza una comparació amb la resta dels biomarcadors, estudiant el seu comportament seqüencial a la sèpsia.

Eficacia y Seguridad del tratamiento con Tocilizumab en pacientes con Artritis Reumatoide

L'artritis reumatoide (AR) és una malaltia inflamatòria crònica de caràcter sistèmic que afecta de manera preferent a les articulacions. El tractament de l'AR ha canviat de forma radical en l'última dècada. Això és a causa del desenvolupament de nous tractaments biològics dirigits contra molècules directament implicades en la patogènesi de l'AR. Un d'aquests tractaments és el Tocilizumab (RoACTEMRA ®) un anticòs monoclonal humanitzat que bloqueja l'acció de la Interleucina-6. TCZ ha estat aprovat recentment per al tractament de l'AR. El present projecte té com a objectiu avaluar la seguretat i eficàcia de TCZ en pacients amb AR inclosos en l'assaig clínic ACT-SURE (MA21573), provinents de la consulta externa monogràfica de pacients amb AR de l'Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron.

Estudio retrospectivo de la influencia de la respuesta al tratamiento quimioterápico de primera línea en pacientes con cáncer no microcítico de pulmón sobre la respuesta a la administración de factores estimulantes de la eritropoyesis en la anemia inducida por quimioterapia

S’analitza de manera retrospectiva la relació entre la resposta a la quimioteràpia i la milloria de l’anèmia induïda per la quimioteràpia amb factors estimulants de la eritropoesi en 57 pacients amb carcinoma no microcític de pulmó avançat que presentaren anèmia durant el tractament amb quimioteràpia. Els pacients amb progressió desenvoluparen anèmia significativament abans que els responedors y presentaren de forma significativa una menor tassa de resposta al tractament amb factors estimulants de la eritropoesi. La resposta a la quimioteràpia té un impacte directe en la efectivitat del tractament de la anèmia amb factors estimulant de la eritropoesi. Aquesta correlació pot valdre com marcador subrogat de resposta a la quimioteràpia. Paraules clau: Càncer no microcític de pulmó, anèmia induïda per quimioteràpia, factors estimulants de la eritropoesi, factor predictor de resposta

Temporal and spatial distribution of Leishmania mexicana infections in a population of Neotoma micropus

A 19-month mark-release-recapture study of Neotoma micropus with sequential screening for Leishmania mexicana was conducted in Bexar County, Texas, USA. The overall prevalence rate was 14.7% and the seasonal prevalence rates ranged from 3.8 to 26.7%. Nine incident cases were detected, giving an incidence rate of 15.5/100 rats/year. Follow-up of 101 individuals captured two or more times ranged from 14 to 462 days. Persistence of L. mexicana infections averaged 190 days and ranged from 104 to 379 days. Data on dispersal, density, dispersion, and weight are presented, and the role of N. micropus as a reservoir host for L. mexicana is discussed.

Plan de actualización informática de las oficinas de la Mutua

Aquest projecte ha procurat reflectir les diferents opcions que té la Mútua a l'hora d'actualitzar el seu sistema informàtic. Després d'estudiar la viabilitat de les diferents opcions proposa solucions per a tots els aspectes plantejats.

Predominance of Trypanosoma rangeli infection in children from a Chagas disease endemic area in the west-shore of the Panama canal

A total of 206 serum samples from children (3-14 years old) living in the Amador County (La Chorrera District, Province of Panama) were screened by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) for the presence of antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi. Positive sera were confirmed by recombinant enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis. The presence of blood trypanosomes was investigated by hemoculture and subsequently identify by a duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by dot blot hybridization. The results indicated a prevalence of 9.7% for trypanosome infections, a seroprevalence of 2.9% against T. cruzi and a predominance of T. rangeli infection (6.8%). The immunological and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Indications of public health in the English regions - 8: alcohol

This report is the eigth in the series, "Indications of Public Health in the English Regions" commissioned by the Chief Medical Officer and has been produced jointly by the Association of Public Health Observatories (APHO), North West PHO, and LJMU Centre for Public Health. In 2006, the United Kingdom rated third highest across 25 EU member states for the number of drinks consumed in one sitting. This Regional Indications report is produced alongside the new national strategy Safe. Sensible. Social: The next steps in the National Alcohol Strategy.

Molecular trees of trypanosomes incongruent with fossil records of hosts

Molecular trees of trypanosomes have confirmed conventionally accepted genera, but often produce topologies that are incongruent with knowledge of the evolution, systematics, and biogeography of hosts and vectors. These distorted topologies result largely from incorrect assumptions about molecular clocks. A host-based phylogenetic tree could serve as a broad outline against which the reasonability of molecular phylogenies could be evaluated. The host-based tree of trypanosomes presented here supports the " invertebrate first " hypothesis of trypansosome evolution, supports the monophyly of Trypanosomatidae, and indicates the digenetic lifestyle arose three times. An area cladogram of Leishmania supports origination in the Palaearctic during the Palaeocene.

More about the role of 2,6-dichlorophenol in tick courtship: identification and olfactometer bioassay in Amblyomma cajennense and Rhipicephalus sanguineus

This study aimed to identify 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP) in Amblyomma cajennense and to evaluate its role in A. cajennense and Rhipicephalus sanguineus courtship. Hexanic extract from attractive females was purified by solid phase extraction and the phenol was identified by the single ion monitoring method using GC/MS. In an olfactometer, the responses of A. cajennense and R. sanguineus males to females, control rubber septa or rubber septa impregnated with 2,6-DCP at 50, 500, and 5000 ng, respectively, were studied. 2,6-DCP was identified in A. cajennense extract and the males oriented themselves toward the concentration of 500 ng. These septa and the females were recognized as copula partners. The septa treated with 2,6-DCP did not attract and were not even recognized by the R. sanguineus males, whereas the females were recognized. Due to the presence of 2,6-DCP in A. cajennense and the results of biological bioassays, it was concluded that this compound acts as an attractant and mounting sex pheromone in this tick, but it does not play any role in R. sanguineus courtship.

A large study of androgen receptor germline variants and their relation to sex hormone levels and prostate cancer risk. Results from the National Cancer Institute Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium

Background: Androgens are key regulators of prostate gland maintenance and prostate cancer growth, and androgen deprivation therapy has been the mainstay of treatment for advanced prostate cancer for many years. A long-standing hypothesis has been that inherited variation in the androgen receptor (AR) gene plays a role in prostate cancer initiation. However, studies to date have been inconclusive and often suffered from small sample sizes. Objective and Methods: We investigated the association of AR sequence variants with circulating sex hormone levels and prostate cancer risk in 6058 prostate cancer cases and 6725 controls of Caucasian origin within the Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium. We genotyped a highly polymorphic CAG microsatellite in exon 1 and six haplotype tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms and tested each genetic variant for association with prostate cancer risk and with sex steroid levels. Results: We observed no association between AR genetic variants and prostate cancer risk. However, there was a strong association between longer CAG repeats and higher levels of testosterone (P = 4.73 × 10−5) and estradiol (P = 0.0002), although the amount of variance explained was small (0.4 and 0.7%, respectively). Conclusions: This study is the largest to date investigating AR sequence variants, sex steroid levels, and prostate cancer risk. Although we observed no association between AR sequence variants and prostate cancer risk, our results support earlier findings of a relation between the number of CAG repeats and circulating levels of testosterone and estradiol.

Los medios audiovisuales entre los progenitores y los hijos e hijas

En el presente artículo se exponen los resultados de una investigación realizada con una muestra de adolescentes (N = 1211) entre 12 y 16 años y otra de sus progenitores (N = 462) para explorar cómo las diferentes respuestas generacionales ante la presencia de diversos medios audiovisuales en su entorno próximo afectan las interacciones familiares entre progenitores e hijos/as. Los resultados apuntan al hecho que los progenitores tienden a sobredimensionar tanto el interés como las informaciones de que dispone su propio hijo o hija acerca de la mayor parte de los medios audiovisuales explorados, así como la satisfacción que proporcionan las conversaciones con los adultos acerca de cualquier actividad con estos medios. Los progenitores realizan atribuciones diferentes sobre el uso de medios audiovisuales según se refieran a un hijo o a una hija. Se aprecia una importante diferencia entre la satisfacción con las conversaciones que los y las adolescentes mantienen con sus iguales y la que proporcionan las conversaciones con los adultos respecto a cualquiera de sus actividades con los medios

Nosocomial bacteremia due to an as yet unclassified acinetobacter genomic species 17-like strain.

We describe a case of bacteremia due to an as yet unclassified Acinetobacter genomic species 17-like strain. The recognition of this microorganism as non-Acinetobacter baumannii may have important epidemiological implications, as it relieves the hospital of the implementation of barrier precautions for patients infected or colonized as may be necessary with a multiresistant A. baumannii epidemic.

Serosurvey Study of Toscana Virus in Domestic Animals, Granada, Spain

Toscana virus (TOSV) is transmitted by infected sandflies. In Mediterranean countries, TOSV is one of the major viral pathogens involved in aseptic meningitis and meningoencephalitis in humans. It remains unclear if there are animal reservoirs able to maintain the virus through the cold months of the year, when the vector is not circulating. From May to October of 2006 and 2007, we conducted a serosurvey study on domestic animals from Granada province (southern Spain). TOSV was investigated in 1186 serum samples from horses, goats, pigs, cats, dogs, sheep, and cows by serology (indirect fluorescence assay), viral culture, and RT-polymerase chain reaction. Specific anti-TOSV antibodies were detected in 429 (36.2%) serum samples. The highest seropositivity rates were observed in cats (59.6%) and dogs (48.3%). These results suggest that an important percentage of the domestic animals have been infected by TOSV. Significantly different seroprevalence rates were detected in goats among distinct geographical areas. All viral cultures were negative. TOSV was detected by RT-polymerase chain reaction in only one serum sample from a goat. Thus, the studied animals do not seem to act as reservoirs for TOSV; otherwise, they could be amplifying hosts for the virus.